Nutrition Chapter 10

What advice would you offer to Todd?

"Set achievable goals for yourself."

Who probably expended the most calories during her or his workout?

. Boris, who weighs 200 pounds and walked 3 miles in 1 hour

Mary is trying to lose weight and realizes that if she reduces her calorie intake by only 200 calories per day below her energy needs, she will lose about ____ pounds in one year.

20

Obesity is defined as weight that is ____ or more above the desirable weight for height or a BMI of ____ or greater.

20; 30

Todd has been overweight since childhood but as a college student has made a commitment to lose weight. He goes on the Atkins diet and after a few months switches to Weight Watchers. After 6 months, Todd has lost 12 pounds but is still overweight. He is discouraged he hasn't lost more weight and he goes to a fast-food restaurant and has two cheeseburgers and a milkshake. Let's see how knowledgeable you are regarding diets so you can effectively help Todd. If Todd's starting weight was 240 pounds, what would have been healthy and realistic goal weight in six months?

216 pounds

On average, a man is considered obese if he has over _____ percent body fat.

25

Stephanie goes to a personal trainer who tells her she is overweight based on her BMI. Which BMI represents a value that would be categorized as overweight?

26

A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed ____.

35 inches

Which individual is most likely to succeed in her/his goal of losing weight?

Dan, who is happily married and likes his job

What is not one of the benefits that regular physical activity provides to a weight-management program?

Decreased lean body mass

Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions. The member of a treatment team working with a person who has anorexia nervosa would be most focused on proper nutrition is the ________.

Dietitian

Todd has been overweight since childhood but as a college student has made a commitment to lose weight. He goes on the Atkins diet and after a few months switches to Weight Watchers. After 6 months, Todd has lost 12 pounds but is still overweight. He is discouraged he hasn't lost more weight and he goes to a fast-food restaurant and has two cheeseburgers and a milkshake. Let's see how knowledgeable you are regarding diets so you can effectively help Todd. Which of these foods did Todd have to severely limit while he was on the Atkins diet?

Brown rice

Among the following groups, which has the highest metabolic rate?

Younger individuals

Bulimia nervosa may best be described as ____.

the compulsive consumption of food followed by purging

. Repeatedly losing and regaining weight without engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise is unhealthy primarily because ____.

this can change body composition

The physiological need to eat is _______.

hunger

The "rule of three" recommends that ____.

if you want to change a behavior, you might need to try the new behavior three times before you can accept it

Mimi, who weighs 190 pounds, is trying to figure out a reasonable daily calorie level that will help her lose weight. You suggest she apply the "10-calorie rule," which would mean she should aim for ____ calories a day to begin with, and switch to ____ calories a day after she loses 10 pounds.

1,900; 1,800

If Tim eats enough to provide an extra 500 calories per day above his energy needs, how long will it take him to gain about 5 pounds of body fat?

5 weeks

. Two pounds of body fat is equal to approximately ____ calories.

7,500

Which statement correctly identifies a specific food intake behavior?

A desire to eat without feelings of hunger is called appetite

Todd has been overweight since childhood but as a college student has made a commitment to lose weight. He goes on the Atkins diet and after a few months switches to Weight Watchers. After 6 months, Todd has lost 12 pounds but is still overweight. He is discouraged he hasn't lost more weight and he goes to a fast-food restaurant and has two cheeseburgers and a milkshake. Let's see how knowledgeable you are regarding diets so you can effectively help Todd. What mistake did Todd make when eating the cheeseburgers and shake?

Allowing negative emotions to reduce self-control

Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions.41. How can a health professional usually distinguish between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Anorexia nervosa leads to an emaciated look, while bulimics may be at their desirable weight.

_____ is removed and excreted in the urine when excess amino acids are converted to fat.

Carbon

Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions. What would be the best way for the parents to approach Kelly about this problem?

Enlist the help of a reputable counselor before intervening.

An increase in body weight seen on a scale indicates that a pound of fat has been gained.

False

Excess weight around the hips, thighs, and buttocks suggests a greater risk of heart disease than fat anywhere else on the body.

False

Ted changed his eating habits to lose weight 2 months ago. Yesterday, he bought a gallon of cherry ice cream because it was on sale and he needed a dessert to take to a family party next week, but then couldn't resist eating two bowls of it last night. Ted is very upset that he has "blown it" and reverted to his former overeating. What should he do now?

Forgive himself and avoid keeping ice cream in his freezer overnight in the future.

_______ is a procedure that involves stapling the stomach closed near the top, leaving only a small pouch that is connected directly to the jejunum (middle section of the small intestine).

Gastric bypass

Twins raised by adoptive parents tend to have body shapes similar to their biological parents. This supports which theory of obesity?

Genetics

Gerald has restricted his calorie intake while continuing to exercise, and has been losing 1.5 pounds per week. However, when he weighs himself at the end of week 4, he notices he has not lost any weight since last week. What does this likely mean?

Gerald's body is retaining water temporarily as part of the fat-burning process.

Which would be an appropriate reward for meeting weight loss goals?

Go to a theatre with friends to see a show.

Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions.37. Kelly visits her pediatrician and he notes several symptoms. Which of these symptoms is unlikely to be due to anorexia nervosa?

Intolerance of warm temperatures

Mary wants to lose weight in her thighs and stomach only. What should you tell her about weight loss and "spot reducing"?

It is not possible.

Which phrase best describes a very low-calorie diet?

It requires medical supervision.

What helps keep the body from consuming its vital tissues for energy in a prolonged diet or starvation?

Ketosis

______ is the most valid criterion by which to judge the effectiveness of a diet.

Maintenance of weight loss afterward

It is pizza night at the Murphy home and everyone has an opinion about what they should get as a topping on the pizza. Which choice would best support the Murphys in their goal of maintaining healthy weights?

Mushrooms and onions

What is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Pregnancy increases the BMR.

Mary is looking at a menu trying to decide what to order. She is mindful of her weight, and wants to make a healthful selection. Which item would be the best choice?

Rotisserie chicken and mashed sweet potatoes

Which of the following does not decrease basal metabolic rate?

Smoking

Nancy wants to prevent her daughter Andrea from developing disordered eating patterns as she grows up. What should Nancy do?

Teach Andrea to eat only when she is hungry and stop when she feels full.

Suzanne and Bob have noticed that Kelly, their 16-year-old daughter, has been losing weight lately. She exercises at the gym almost 4 hours a day and seems to be skipping meals. They discuss this with Kelly at the dinner table, but she says there is no problem and urges them to stop worrying. Before taking drastic steps, Suzanne and Bob call their pediatrician. They discuss what has been going on with Kelly and begin to gather facts concerning disordered eating. Let's see how much they have learned by answering these questions. Kelly's parents suspect she is purging as a means of maintaining her weight. What complication may occur as a result?

Tearing of the esophagus

Todd has been overweight since childhood but as a college student has made a commitment to lose weight. He goes on the Atkins diet and after a few months switches to Weight Watchers. After 6 months, Todd has lost 12 pounds but is still overweight. He is discouraged he hasn't lost more weight and he goes to a fast-food restaurant and has two cheeseburgers and a milkshake. Let's see how knowledgeable you are regarding diets so you can effectively help Todd. Todd is trying to evaluate his new weight-loss program. Which of the following would indicate that the diet plan offered by the program is healthful and beneficial?

The weight-loss program promises a weight loss of about 0.5 to 2.0 pounds per week.

Among popular diet plans, which has been mentioned as a good option in recent research because of its food variety and evidence-based principles?

Weight Watchers

A measurement that correlates strongly with body fat content but does not identify the location of body fat is ______.

body mass index

The _____ refers to the energy needed by the body to support the involuntary processes such as beating of the heart, inhaling and exhaling of air, and maintenance of body temperature.

basal metabolic rate

The enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) ____.

determines the rate at which adipose cells store fat

Excess calories, no matter whether the calories are from hamburgers or carrot sticks, will be turned to ____ within a few hours.

fat

The person who wishes to gain weight often has to ____.

eat more frequently

Ordinarily, the brain and nerves rely on ____ for energy.

glucose

Ketosis occurs when ____

glycogen has been depleted and body fat is used to nourish the brain

Research in obese people seems to show that there is less susceptibility to health problems provided that the excess body fat is distributed around the ____.

hips and thighs

Trends that promote obesity in the United States include the ____.

large amount of time children spend watching TV or playing video games

The ob gene produces a hormone called ____ that tells the body to stop eating when it is released from fat cells.

leptin

If a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact same body build, the dancer will be heavier because she has ____.

more muscle mass

The two factors most responsible for the epidemic of obesity are ____.

physical inactivity and excess calorie intake

Sharon weighs 145 pounds and has tried to lose 15 pounds since 10th grade. She loses the weight without too much effort but then over the next few months she returns to her original weight. This would support which obesity theory?

set-point

The _______ theory claims that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls.

set-point theory