Nutrition chapter 7 sb questions
Rank the categories of energy use from highest to lowest.
1 - Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) 2 - Physical Activity 3 - Thermogenesis
There are approximately 3500 kcal in ____ of fat tissue
1 pound
Choose examples of healthy social support that can make weight management easier.
A RDN reminding you to record your food intake Friends praising you for you accomplishment Joining a group with similar weight loss goals
Which of the following factors are used to calculate estimated energy requirements for adults with the Food and Nutrition Board's formula?
Age Height Weight
____ is the over-the-counter version of orlistat, a weight-loss medication that blocks the digestion of fat in the small intestine
Alli
A method that measures the amount of heat released by a person, usually in an insulated metabolic chamber surrounded by water is called _____
direct calorimetry
Which of the following components of total energy expenditure is most easily altered to achieve weight management goals?
energy for physical activity
The energy input that is part of the energy balance equation includes calories from ______.
food intake
The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the primarily plant-based, _____ approach
high fiber
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is _____ basal metabolic rate (BMR).
higher than
The set-point theory of weight maintenance proposes that
humans have a genetically predetermined body fat content. the body closely regulates the body weight and body fat content. humans have a genetically predetermined body weight.
For bioelectrical impedance to be accurate, ______ must be adequate in the person being accessed.
hydration
As lean muscle mass increases as a result of physical activity, metabolic rate
increases
Which activity will increase the metabolism the most?
increasing muscle mass through strength training
A 150-pound person with 30% body fat will weigh _____ hydrostatically (i.e., in the water) compared to a 150-pound person with 20% body fat.
less
Treatment for overweight and obesity should involve healthy, active living with acceptable diet modifications that will promote weight ___ and later weight ______
loss; maintenance
Which factor decreases basal metabolism?
low calorie intake
The bomb calorimeter works by ______
measuring the heat given off by a food as it is burned
Novelty diets that exclude a food group or include only one or two foods are based on _____.
no scientific merit
Mindful eating involves _____.
recognizing physical hunger and satiety cues awareness of food preparation making wise eating decisions
Foods that are high in fiber and water promote
satiety
The theory that says weight is maintained through internal regulatory controls making it difficult to lose weight is called the ______
set point theory
Drew walks past the vending machine on his way to his office. Often he is tempted to grab a snack when passing by. If Drew purposely enters his work place by a different entrance so he does not walk by the vending machines, he is applying the ______ concept of behavior modification.
stimulus control
Other considerations for bariatric surgery in addition to patient selection criteria include
the need to plan small frequent meals after surgery. surgical expenses might not be covered by medical insurance. follow-up surgery may be needed to correct stretched skin.
The energy used for the digestion, absorption, and processing of food is called the
thermic effect of food
Which of the following contributes the least to the calories that are used each day by the body?
thermogenesis
Why is a follow-up surgery often needed after bariatric surgery?
to remove excess skin after weight loss
The dieting mania stems from ______.
unrealistic weight expectations lack of an appreciation for the natural variety in body shape and size
All of the following are reliable treatments for obesity except ____.
using diet pills
Upper-body obesity is characterized by ______.
waist circumference 40 inches and above in males fat stored primarily in the abdominal area waist circumference 35 inches and above in females
The Body Mass Index is defined as ______.
weight in pounds multiplied by 703, and divided by the square of the height in inches weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters
_____ uses x-ray technology to determine body composition
DEXA
If height, and physical activity level are held constant, energy requirements _____ as an adult ages
Decrease
t/f during the measurement of bioelectric impedance, greater adipose stores are associated with lower resistance to electrical flow
False
The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual of a standard scale and the weighing him or her submerged in water is known as______
Hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)
For a person with a BMI in the obese range, weight loss decreases the risk for which of the following conditions?
Hypertension Cancer Diabetes
What are some changes, other than calorie restriction, a person can make to be successful at weight loss?
Identifying behaviors that lead to weight gain Eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day Drinking plenty of water
The benefits of physical activity include ______.
Improving bone health Reducing stress Decrease risk for chronic disease Better sleep
As BMI increases above 25kg/m2, the risk of cardiovascular disease tends to
Increase
Select the most reliable treatments for the condition of overweight or obesity.
Increased physical activity Decreased calorie intake Behavior modification
Identify all the factors that decrease basal metabolism
Insufficient thyroid hormone production Loss of lean tissue Very low energy intake
Which of the following statements are true about dual energy x-ray absorptiometry?
It can be used to assess bone mineral density, it measured body fat by passing a small dose of radiation through the body, and it is considered the most accurate determination of body fat.
Which is true regarding healthy body weight?
It can lead to a long and healthy life.
If Craig's desires to increase his basal metabolic rate (BMR), he can modify his
Lean body mass
Why do individuals with higher amounts of muscle mass, have a higher BMR?
Lean tissue is more metabolically active than adipose tissue.
Individuals with a healthy BMI should ____ rather than follow a specific diet
Learn to accept one's unique body characteristics Engage in regular physical activity Focus on maintaining current weight
The "3Ms" - motivation, movement, and monitoring foster success at weight loss _____.
Maintenance
Which of the following would NOT be a valid way to measure or estimate the amount of energy
Measurement of food intake from the various food groups
A behavioral strategy involves becoming aware of and enjoying the entire eating experience - from the origins of the food to the effects it has on the body - is called
Mindful eating
For many people who have lost weight, maintenance of weight loss is the hardest part. Select the "3 M's" that assist efforts at weight maintenance
Motivation Monitoring Movement
Metabolic rate, fuel and brain chemistry are all examples of the influence of _____ on body weight
Nature
The following are "red flags" that should warn you that a diet may not be safe or effective
No need for exercise Weight loss testimonials from famous people Required use of expensive supplements or meal replacements
Weight watchers is an example of a community weight-loss organization that _____.
Offers a self help program with social support and education
Which of the following medications is currently approved by FDA for weight loss?
Orlistat
Select the true statements concerning body weight among North American adults
Over 70% of adults are overweight or obese. Prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a healthy body weight. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers risk for developing type 2 diabetes.
Which activities are part of a measurement of basal metabolism?
Respiration The work of the liver, kidneys, and brain Beating of the heart
bioelectrical impedance is used to estimate body fat content by _____
Sending a painless, low-energy current through the body and measuring the rest I stance to the electrical flow
Choose the factors that are environmental and can promote weight gain
Social economic status Culture Advertising
_____ slows muscle loss, increases the strength of muscles and connective tissues, and increase bone density
Strength training
T/F poverty in the United States is associated with obesity
T
Which of the following contribute to basal metabolism?
The activity of the liver, brain, and kidney Heart function Respiration
Energy balance is thought of as energy input versus energy output. Identify the components that contribute to the "energy output" of this equation
Thermos effect of food Physical activity Basal metabolism
Which two measurements are needed to evaluate Body Mass Index?
Weight Height
One example of a desirable self-help organization that can assist individuals with social support and education for successful, sustainable weight loss is ______.
Weight Watchers (also called WW)
What are the worst outcomes of fad diets?
Weight loss is mostly muscle not fat Permanent weight loss is not achieved Habits are not changed
Treatment for overweight and obesity should be
a lifestyle change. long term.
Excess fat located near the ______ increases a person's risk for obesity-related chronic disease.
abdomen
The energy required for the thermos effect of foods is due to the _____ of nutrients
absorption processing digestion
The amount and location of ______ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.
adipose tissue
Choose the three categories of energy used by the body.
basal metabolism, physical activity, thermogenesis
A well-balanced weight loss program would recommend that the rate of weight loss should ________.
be slow and steady evaluate the need for further weight loss after 10% weight loss is achieved include a period of weight maintenance for a few months after 10% of body weight is lost
The method used to estimate total body fat that uses a low-energy electrical current is known as
bioelectrical impedance
direct calorimetry measures the amount of
body heat released by a person
A _____ is the instrument used to determine the calorie content of a food
bomb calorimeter
For Drew, watching movies and eating popcorn go hand in hand, but he has resolved to stop eating popcorn at movies. Instead of eating popcorn, he plans to take a bag of grapes with him the next time he goes. This is an example of ______.
chain breaking
Severe (morbid) obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than or equal to ____ or weighing at least _____ pounds over healthy body weight.
40-100
Identify the components of energy output not involving basal metabolism
1. absorption of nutrients 2. physical activity 3. digestion of nutrients
Which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day?
1. basal metabolism 2. thermic effect of food 3. physical activity
A weight loss regimen on the internet claims that 10 minutes of physical activity each day is all you need to lose weight. A more successful plan would
1. incorporate 60 to 90 minutes of physical activity 2. include behavior modification strategies 3. include dietary strategies to reduce energy intake
The reasons why unreliable diets are problematic include
1. limited food selection 2. loss of lean tissue 3. unchanged habits
How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism?
15-35%
Approximately how many calories are in one pound of fat tissue?
3500
The threshold to identify upper-body obesity in males is a waist circumference greater than ____ inches
40
Because of serious health implications from server me obesity, drastic measures may be necessary when a person has a _____ greater than or equal to 40
BMI
The ratio of body weight (in kilograms) to height (in meters)2 is the _____.
BMI
Having a high basal metabolic rate is a possible cause for
BMI less than 18.5
Which of the following are ways that nurture, rather than nature, may promote obesity?
High-fat diets Physical inactivity
Choose common characteristics of unreliable fad diets
Critical and skeptical of the medical community Limit food selections Promote rapid weight loss
What are some strategies that are helpful with controlling hunger?
Drink a glass of water before a meal Consume a high fiber snack Eat slow
The best way to ensure that extra calorie intake will support gains in lean mass rather than fat mass to
Engage in strength- training exercises
Important components of a successful long-term weight loss include _______.
Engaging in regular physical activity Modifying problem behaviors controlling calorie intake
What technique could be used to determine the amount of calories a person expends each day?
Equations taking into account height, weight, physical activity, and age Indirect calorimetry Direct calorimetry
Which of the following may cause a person to become underweight?
Excessive dieting Chemotherapy for treatment of cancer A disease that damages the small intestine
T/F a diet that promotes quick weight loss and limits food selections is probably a reliable diet plan
F
Which of the following are social systems that may be helpful with weight control?
Family and friends, weight loss support groups, registered dietitians, and weight control professionals
Which three factors contribute the most to a successful long-term weight loss and maintenance plan?
High fiber intake Nutrient dense food intake Regular physical activity