Nutrition Exam (Chapters 1,2,3)

The established daily value for total fat is based on the recommendation that total fat be no more than ___% of total kilocalories.

a. 10 b. 20 c. 30*** d. 40

A popular over-the-counter cold remedy suggests that megadoses of vitamin C will help prevent or minimize the effects of the common cold. If the label on the vitamin C cold remedy package states that it contains 1,000 mg of vitamin C, how many grams of vitamin C is this amount?

a. 10 grams of vitamin C b. 1 gram of vitamin C*** c. 100 grams of vitamin C d. 1,000 grams of vitamin C

Phytochemicals

a. are essential nutrients. b. may have healthful benefits.*** c. should be avoided. d. are in animal sources of food.

Which of the following foods would be classified as "empty calories" by MyPlate?

a.chocolate syrup*** b. fat-free milk c. white bread d. corn oil

Which of the following statements is false?

a. A megadose is 10 times the recommended amount of a nutrient. b. Megadoses of nutrients may behave like drugs in the body. c. In general, megadoses of nutrients are safe to consume.*** d. A physiological dose of a vitamin is less than a megadose of the vitamin.

A group of scientists observe a group of college students over 4 years to determine which of their characteristics leads to weight gain. This study is an example of

a. a case-control study. b. a prospective study.*** c. a retrospective study. d. an experimental study.

Comparing individuals with iron-deficiency anemia to individuals who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of

a. a prospective study. b. an anecdotal study. c. a retrospective study. d. a case-control study.***

A testimonial is

a. an unbiased report about a product's value. b. a scientifically valid claim. c. a personal endorsement of a product.*** d. a form of scientific evidence.

A fake treatment is a(n)

a. anecdote. b. double-blind study. c. pseudoscience experiment. d. placebo.***

Nutritional standards, such as the RDAs, are not

a. used to develop formula food products. b. the basis for establishing DVs. c. used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets. d. the basis for developing AIs.***

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which of the following substances can not be classified as a dietary supplement?

a. vitamin E b. lysine c. copper d. tobacco***

Which of the following statements best describes the amount of energy in one kilocalorie?

a. A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1° Fahrenheit. b. A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1° Celsius. c. A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.*** d. A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gallon of water by 1° Fahrenheit.

After a particularly strenuous workout at the gym, Jaime purchased an electrolyte-replacement drink. According to the Nutrition Facts panel on the product's label, each 8-oz serving of the drink supplies 60 kcal. Jaime was so thirsty, he drank the entire contents of the bottle (32 oz). How many kcal of this product did he consume?

a. 240 kilocalories*** b. 120 kilocalories c. 300 kilocalories d. 60 kilocalories

Lena weighs 165 pounds. What is her weight in kilograms?

a. 75 kg*** b. 7.5 kg c. 82 kg d. 8.2 kg

Which of the following statements is true?

a. According to MyPlate, vegetable oils are grouped into the "Fats and Oils" food group. b. The MyPlate menu planning guide cannot be individualized to meet a person's food preferences. c. A person can use www.choosemyplate.gov to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy.*** d. MyPlate was the first food guide developed for Americans.

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.

a. Cherry jelly b. Chewing tobacco c. Orange drink d. Gingko biloba***

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy?

a. Cholesterol b. Protein*** c. Vitamin D d. Iron

The amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of half of the healthy people in a particular group is the

a. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR).*** b. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). c. Adequate Intake (AI). d. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

The ____ is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products.

a. FDA*** b. FTC c. EPA d. USGS

A serving of food supplies 20 g carbohydrate, 4 g protein, 10 g fat, and 50 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?

a. Fat provides the most food energy.*** b. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy. c. Water provides the most food energy. d. Fat provides about 25% of total calories.

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

a. Federal Trade Commission (FTC).*** b. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). c. Agricultural Research Service (ARS). d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Many of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States are associated with certain dietary practices. What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States?

a. Heart disease and cancer*** b. Cancer and kidney disease c. Chronic lower respiratory infections and stroke d. Alzheimer's disease and blood-borne infections Diabetes and accidents

Which of the following journals does not have peer-reviewed articles?

a. Journal of American Medical Association b. The New England Journal of Medicine c. Journal of the American College of Nutrition d. Men's Journal***

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Nutrients are life-sustaining substances in food.*** b. In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to the ten leading causes of death, including influenza and pneumonia. c. A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type, birth order, and sustainability. d. People have an instinctual ability to choose a nutritious variety of foods.

The _____ Program enables eligible low-income participants to use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores.

a. Nutritious Food Purchase b. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance*** c. Healthy Diets for All d. Eat Better for Less

All of the following statements are true about undernutrition and overnutrition, EXCEPT:

a. Overnutrition may be characterized by obesity. b. Overnutrition is a type of malnutrition. c. Long-term excessive energy intake can cause overnutrition. d. In the United States, overnutrition is less common than undernutrition.***

Which of the following statements is true?

a. People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO. b. According to the legal definition developed by the FDA, a "dietary supplement" is a food that influences metabolism. c. Physicians and dietitians do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients. d. Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes.***

______ refers to chemical processes that occur in living cells.

a. Physiology b. Catabolism c. Anatomy d. Metabolism***

Which of the following statements is false?

a. RDAs are standards for daily intakes of certain nutrients. b. RDAs meet the nutrient needs of nearly all healthy people. c. RDAs contain a margin of safety. d. RDAs are requirements for nutrients.***

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings.*** b. Since 1970, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions. c. When interpreting results of their studies, researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses. d. Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers.

Which of the following statements is true?

a. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.*** b. Pseudoscience is the scientific study of the causation and treatment of chronic diseases. c. In the United States, only registered dietitians can provide nutrition information legally. d. Registered dietitians are not required to update their knowledge of nutrition and dietetics regularly.

Denny's requirement for vitamin C is 12 mg/day, and his Recommended Dietary Allowance for the vitamin is 90 mg. Which of the following statements is true?

a. The requirement for vitamin C is the minimum daily amount that Denny needs to prevent the vitamin's deficiency disease.*** b. The Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin C is the maximum amount needed to optimize stores of the vitamin in Denny's body. c. When Denny buys groceries, he can use his nutrient requirement for vitamin C to compare packaged foods. d. Nutrient requirements are universal standards, so any healthy person who is Denny's age will require the same amount of vitamin C per day—12 mg.

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Under certain conditions, the human body can make iron, copper, and zinc. b. People develop scurvy when their diets lack vitamin E. c. An essential nutrient must be supplied by the diet.*** d. Phytochemicals are antioxidants produced by animal cells.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

a. When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.*** b. When a population's intake of green tea increases, the percentage of lung cancer cases in that population decreases. c. When a group of children increases their physical activity levels, the percentage of the children who contract cold infections decreases. d. When members of a population consume fewer fruits and vegetables, their risk of high blood pressure increases.

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

a. antidotes. b. probiotics. c. placebos.*** d. supplements.

A diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if

a. average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values.*** b. intakes of various nutrients are consistently less than EAR amounts. c. nutrient intakes are consistently above ULs. d. vitamin supplements are included.

The nutrients that provide energy are

a. carbohydrates, vitamins, and lipids. b. lipids, proteins, and minerals. c. vitamins, minerals, and proteins. d. proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.***

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ____ study.

a. case-control b. retrospective*** c. macrosomatic d. prospective

According to the MyPlate Plan, which of the following foods is grouped with dairy products?

a. cheese*** b. eggs c. butter d. cream

Having a control group enables researchers to

a. compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.*** b. avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses. c. provide specific treatments to participants of the group. d. explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts.

An aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population.

a. epidemiology*** b. technobiology c. diseasiology d. censusology

An antioxidant is a(an)

a. essential nutrient found only in animal foods. b. dietary supplement that is available without prescription. c. substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed.*** d. nonnutrient produced by plants that provides health benefits.

Generally, epidemiological studies

a. establish causation. b. prove correlations. c. cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships.*** d. are experimental-based research efforts that examine two variables.

Fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except

a. fiber. b. vitamin C. c. phytochemicals. d. protein.***

Daily Values are

a. for people who consume 1200 to 1500 kilocalorie diets. b. based on the lowest RDA or AI for each nutrient. c. dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes.*** d. used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of a population's diet.

The first step of the scientific method usually involves

a. gathering data. b. developing a hypothesis. c. identifying relationships between variables. d. making observations.***

Which of the following foods is a rich source of phytochemicals?

a. hamburger b. fish c. peaches*** d. chicken

The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is

a. has a margin of safety. b. does not account for a person's height, weight, or physical activity level. c. based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person.*** d. reflects a person's actual daily energy needs.

Diet is a

a. pattern of food choices*** b. practice of restricting energy intake. c. technique to reduce carbohydrate intake. d. method of reducing portion sizes.

Which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense?

a. peanut butter*** b. sugar-sweetened soft drink c. fat-free milk d. iceberg lettuce

Protein-rich food sources that also contain high amounts of saturated fat and cholesterol include

a. peanut butter. b. dry beans. c. nuts. d. beef.***

Which of the following information was not provided by the Nutrition Facts panel in 2015?

a. percentage of calories from fat*** b. amount of carbohydrate per serving c. serving size d. amount of trans fat per serving

In the United States, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is

a. physical inactivity. b. tobacco use.*** c. high-fat diet. d. excessive alcohol intake.

People who follow Islamic dietary rules will not consume

a. pork.*** b. rice. c. beef. d. milk.

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense?

a. potato chips b. broccoli*** c. butter d. chocolate chip cookie

The Exchange System allows you to

a. predict your risk of serious chronic diseases such as diabetes. b. interpret nutrition information on food labels. c. estimate your carbohydrate intake.*** d. calculate your DRIs.

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a(n) _____ study.

a. retrospective*** b. case-control c. prospective d. hypothetical

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is

a. revised every year. b. a set of general nutrition-related recommendations.*** c. published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. d. used to develop DVs.

Which of the following websites is most likely to provide biased and unreliable nutrition information?

a. the site of a nationally recognized health association (*.org) b. a site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (*.com)*** c. the site of a U.S. government agency (*.gov) d. an accredited college or university's site (*.edu)

Which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994?

a. tobacco b. aspirin c. ginseng*** d. ibuprofen

Which of the following conditions is not one of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States?

a. tuberculosis*** b. cancer c. heart disease d. stroke