Nutrition Final

________ are protein molecules that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.

Enzymes

When the body experiences stress, what hormone is released to quickly stimulate an increase in blood glucose levels?

Epinephrine

The bar graph (below) shows the nutrients in whole grain bread versus those in enriched white and unenriched white bread. (The graph is found at the end of Chapter Four in your text.) Whole grains contains MORE of which of the following nutrients?

Fiber Magnesium Zinc B6

When blood glucose levels fall, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate the release of stored glucose?

Glucagon

What is the name of the polysaccharide found in liver and muscle?

Glycogen

Which of the following is a characteristic of cholesterol?

It is a precursor for bile and vitamin D synthesis.

Omega-6 fatty acid is also known as Omega-3 fatty acid is also known as

Linoleic Linolenic

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

Low-density lipoprotein

What is another name for lactose?

Milk sugar

Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?

Muscle and liver

Because they have enough research evidence and reliable observations, the bedrock of all Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are the ________. (Type the letters of name of this type of DRI value.)

RDA

The Dietary Recommended Intakes are made up of which of the following? (Check all that apply)

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) Adequate Intakes (AI)

Which of the following people would NOT be covered by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

Robert, a 20 year old with diabetes

Which of the following sources would yield the softest lipids at room temperature?

Safflower

When stored at room temperature in loosely capped containers, which of the following dietary lipids would become rancid (that is, spoil) in the shortest time? HINT: The more unsaturated a fatty acid, the most vulnerable it is to oxygen which leads to spoilage

Soybean oil

For the Fruit Group of the Food Group Plan (known as MyPlate or USDA Food Patterns), a serving size is _________ for all items except dried fruit.

1 cup

One cup of lettuce counts as ____ cup(s) of vegetable servings according to the USDA Food Patterns (MyPlate).

1/2

According to the USDA Food Patterns (MyPlate) how much pasta equals a one ounce serving from the Grain Group?

1/2 cup

One cup of cooked oatmeal or rice is consider a ____ ounce serving of grains.

2

One cup of cooked pasta or rice is consider a ____ ounce serving of grains.

2

How many grams are in one ounce?

28

How much energy (as measured in calories) is found in a gram of carbohydrate or one gram of protein?

4

From the lecture, "Food & Health" you saw a slide show from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) which documented the obesity rates in the US from 1994 to 2013. From these slides you can conclude: [One or more answers may be correct!]

>states in central and southern US saw the greatest increases in obesity rates. >all states in the US saw increases in obesity rates.

Which of the following lipids contain(s) saturated fatty acids?

Butter, cottonseed oil, and soybean oil

Potential benefits of diet rich in fiber include all of the following EXCEPT:

decreased absorption of sugars

Abnormally high blood glucose levels may be a symptom of ___________________.

diabetes

A triglyceride always contains three—

fatty acids

Triglycerides are made up of a glycerol and three

fatty acids

What is a good food source of omega-3 fatty acids?

fatty fish

Which of the following are complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides)? [More than one answer may be correct!]

fiber starch glycogen

All of the following are sources of dietary carbohydrates EXCEPT

fish

The nutrient standard, the Daily Values are:

found on food labels

All simple and complex carbohydrates are digested by the body and eventually broken down into _____________.

glucose

Which of the following monosaccharide is part of all three dietary disaccharides?

glucose

According to the USDA Food Patterns (MyPlate), all of the following foods are part of the Protein Foods Group (formerly known as the Meat & Bean Group) EXCEPT:

green beans and green peas

Which of the following functions as a "chemical messenger"?

hormones

What is the primary function of insulin?

to lower blood glucose levels

By federal law, food labels are required to provide information on all of the following EXCEPT:

vitamin D

The energy-yielding nutrients include all of the following EXCEPT—

vitamins

Which of the following nutrient classes provide NO energy? [More than one answer may be correct!]

vitamins water minerals

The hormone which is released when blood sugar levels rise is called __________________.

insulin

Sally is on a very low-carbohydrate diet. After several days her body begins to us fat as a replacement for the glucose needed by the brain and nerve cells. Sally is experiencing a condition called ____________.

ketosis

What is the principle carbohydrate in milk?

lactose

Jim is fasting for personal reasons. He plans to take in only water. A good estimate of how long his supply of glycogen will last is about _____________.

less than 1 day

Which of the following are essential fatty acids?

linoleic and linolenic fatty acids

The body transports digested lipids through the blood in the form of ____________.

lipoproteins

What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine?

liver

What is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption?

liver

What tissue contains special receptors for removing low-density lipoproteins from the circulation?

liver

What is hypoglycemia?

low blood sugar

Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells?

metabolism

The absorptive surface of the small intestine is increased by the presence of

microvilli

The digestive tract begins at the _________ and ends at the _______.

mouth; anus

Olives, canola oil, mayonnaise, soft margarine belong to which of the following?

oils

All of the following are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids EXCEPT:

palm oil

What is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration?

pancreas

According to the MyPlate Food Guide information in the text and lecture, which of the following may be counted as either a serving of Protein or Vegetable serving.

pinto beans

A person diagnosed with a milk allergy would be sensitive to the ________ in milk.

protein

The "R" in RDA stands for—

recommended

Which of the following is NOT a good source of fiber?

salmon

Below is an image of a fatty acid. You can tell it is a ________________ fatty acid because there are no double bonds in the carbon chain. (The part inside the green box).

saturated

Which of the following are encouraged by the MyPlate Food Guide?

whole grains

Which of the following types of bread has the highest fiber content?`

whole-grain

Which of the following are primarily made up of polyunsaturated fatty acids? [One or more answers may be correct.]

soybean oil fish oils

Match the vegetable on the left with the Vegetable Subgroup name on the right.

spinach -- dark green kidney beans -- legumes green peas -- starchy cucumber -- other tomato -- red and orange

Dietary sources of carbohydrate include which of the following? [One or more answers may be correct!]

sucrose cellulose starch

What chemical does the pancreas secrete when it detects high levels of blood glucose?

the hormone insulin

Characteristics of hydrogenated oils include all of the following EXCEPT

These oils contain more calories per gram than other types of oils.

Which of the following is true about the serving sizes used by the MyPlate Food Guide?

They are set for each food group and used as a method to count servings.

From the lecture, "Food & Health" you learned that America's mean calorie intake increased by over 200 calories from 1971 to 2010 according to the NHANES surveys.

True

Malnutrition may mean overeating calories or nutrients as well as under-eating calories or nutrients.

True

Which of the following is NOT a common dietary source of trans fats?

Whole milk

The pancreas plays a large role in digesting the food we eat. Which of the jobs below most closely matches the role of the pancreas in digestion?

a chemist who uses solutions to break down a substance

Nutrient Density refers to

a comparison of nutrient content to calorie content

Which of the following is true about saturated fats?

a diet high in saturated fats may increase blood cholesterol levels

From the list below, select the foods which are processed. [More than one answer may be correct.]

all foods on list

Reseach suggests that your risk of developing Type II Diabetes can be dramatically reduced by:

all of these are correct

Sugars (simple carbohydrates) are found in which of the following?

all of these are correct

Which of the following are chemicals?

all of these are correct

Why is it important to consume enough fat?

all of these are correct

When the RDA Committee sets the RDA for a nutrient, it first learns the range of need for that nutrient for a large group of people which looks like the image below. Then the RDA is set where on this curve?

at the green bar, very high on the curve, at about the 97% mark

What substance emulsifies fat in the small intestine?

bile

Which of the following is a legume?

black beans

The USDA Food Patterns (MyPlate) includes a recommendation for Oils. Which of following is NOT a source of Oils?

butter

According to the MyPlate Food Guide, which of the following foods counts as a source of empty calories? (ONE OR MORE ANSWERS MAY BE CORRECT.)

butter soft drinks (soda) bacon

Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of nutrients?

calories

From the list below, select those which are related to your nutritional choices. [More than one answer may be correct.]

cancers strokes heart disease

Which of the following provides energy in our diets?

carbohydrates

After a meal, most of the fat that eventually empties into the blood is in the form of particles known as

chylomicron

Oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from

cis to trans

Which of the following is the greatest source of trans fats in the American diet?

commerically fried and baked foods

All of the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance EXCEPT

constipation

Which of the following is NOT one of the leading causes of death that is related to nutrition?

Alzheimer's disease

Someone suffering from lactose intolerance has problems digesting ________________.

cow's milk

A person diagnosed with a milk allergy would be sensitive to the lactose in milk.

false

All types of fish are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

false

Characteristics of scientific research include—

none of the these are characteristics of good science

Well-established benefits of fish or fish oil (sources of EPA and DHA types of omega-3 fatty acids) include: [More than one answer may be correct.]

normal brain and vision development in infants

A diet planning tool like the USDA (MyPlate) Food Guide groups foods by their ___________________ . In this way, if you consume the recommended amount from each food group you will consume the recommended nutrients as well.

nutrient content

Saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids are what type of lipid?

triglycerides