Nutrition Final Review
According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day
11 to 15.5
The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least
145 ºF.
he USDA recommends that a beef steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least
145 ºF.
The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least
160 ºF
According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of
165 ºF.
Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.
20
A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.
3500
Alex is a competitive athlete who weighs 90 kg. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, he should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily.
540 to 900
_____ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells.
ATP
_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.
Bariatric surgery
Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water?
Boiling the water
signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood.
Calcitonin
Which of the following characteristics is a risk factor for hypertension?
Cigarette smoking
Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing?
Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.
The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing and even death.
Clostridium botulinum
After a tornado outbreak, Marie's house was damaged and her neighborhood experienced a power outage that lasted three days. Which of the following steps should she take to avoid food-borne illness during the loss of electricity?
Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours
Which of the following physical activities is not aerobic?
Driving
_____ is a direct (intentional) food additive.
FD&C Red No. 40
Alex is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water?
FDA
Which of the following U.S. government agencies enforces federal food safety laws?
Food and Drug Administration
Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most carbohydrate?
Hard cycling for 1 hour
How can you tell if a food has been irradiated to preserve it?
Look for the Radura symbol on the package
You have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea when you visit
Mexico City, Mexico.
What is physical activity?
Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles.
____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States.
Norovirus
Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate meal for an athlete?
Pasta with fresh vegetables
are disease-causing microbes
Pathogens
Which of the following foods is the richest source of bioavailable calcium per one cup serving?
Plain yogurt
Michelle's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a strength (resistance) exercise?
Push-ups
Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?
Raw chicken
What is exercise?
Skeletal muscle contractions that are planned and conducted to increase muscle mass.
Which of the following conditions is often associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids?
Sleep disturbances
What is physical fitness?
The ability to perform moderate- to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired
A weight loss program includes recommendations that are likely to be unsafe and not result in long-term weight loss and maintenance. Which of the following recommendations is a component of this particular weight loss program?
The person only eats foods that begin with the letters R, K, and M.
While at a garage sale, Jenna purchased a set of used plastic baby bottles. She noticed the symbol "7" in a triangle on the bottom of the bottles. What would you tell her concerning the use of these bottles to feed her baby?
These bottles should not be used because they probably contain bisphenol A.
Which of the following nutrients cannot be metabolized for ATP production?
Thiamin
_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.
Visceral
Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most fat?
Walking for an hour
Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing
an eating disorder
Many sports organizations have banned the use of _____ by athletes.
anabolic steroids
Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa
are females
While Aaron was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Aaron was
being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol.
According to the "set point theory," a person's
body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.
The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.
body mass index
During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the fluid from
canned fruit juices
The complete oxidation of glucose releases energy and results in the formation of
carbon dioxide and water.
By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of
cardiovascular disease
Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of
cardiovascular disease
Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of
certain cancers
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for
circulating blood
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?
copper
Dehydration can cause
death
Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to
decrease her usual daily energy intake.
Gloria is a healthy 25-year-old woman. According to recommendations of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, she should perform _____ strengthening activities that focus on major muscle groups each week
eight to 10
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to
exercise, on average, for 60 minutes daily.
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with
fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.
Obese women have a higher risk of developing _____ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese
gestational diabetes
An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program
gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities.
Females involved in competitive sports, especially _____, are at risk of the female athlete triad.
gymnastics
Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 24.3. According to this information, Jason
has more lean than fat tissue
Cells release much of the energy stored in macronutrients as
heat
The process of pasteurization involves the use of
heat to kill pathogens.
Consuming a high-sodium diet can increase the risk of
hypertension
Extracellular water
includes plasma and tissue fluid.
Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program
includes regular physical activity.
In the United States, _____ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.
iron
The liver can convert _____ into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream or stored as glycogen.
lactate
Iodine is necessary for
maintaining normal thyroid function.
People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of
osteoporosis
Harold grows apple trees on his small farm. He practices organic farming methods, so he doesn't use pesticides. This fall, he would like to make minimally-processed organic apple juice that does not contain preservatives. He wants to sell the beverage at the local farmer's market. Based on this information, Harold should _____ before bottling the juice to make it safe for consumers.
pasteurize the juice
Physical fitness is the ability to
perform moderate- to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired.
In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of
potassium
Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include
reduced bone mineral density
In the human body, water is involved in
regulating body temperature.
Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of
sodium
After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior.
sores on her knuckles
The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ____ mineral.
trace
A person's risk of _____ increases as his or her BMI is 30 or more
type 2 diabetes
A farmer in Iowa wants to control crop pests by using integrated pest management techniques. Based on this information, the farmer will use
viruses that attack a variety of weeds.
Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary
water conservation
Excess fluid consumption can result in a condition called
water intoxication
Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from
water intoxication
Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he
wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables.
A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has ____ deficiency.
zinc
Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism?
Building bone tissue
subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance.
Cellulite
Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain
Clostridium botulinum spores
Which of the following safety steps should you take if your home experiences a loss of electricity that lasts for several days?
Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors
Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?
Corn oil
Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?
Cycling
_____ often transmit pathogens to food.
Flies
The Food and Drug Administration has not approved _____ for production or sale in the United States.
Gamma hydroxybutyric acid
Lily is a 5′4′′, 40-year-old woman who weighs almost 200 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like a surgical weight loss method that can be easily reversed and does not involve stapling her stomach or cutting her small intestine. Based on this information, her physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help her lose some of her excess weight.
Gastric banding
Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?
Growing older
While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as
NEAT
Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?
Potassium
Mariyah loves leafy green salads, so which of the following items should she add to the salads to increase their calcium content?
Raw, shredded bok choy
Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of
Vitamin C
Home-canned low-acid foods, such as beans and corn, may be contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces a dangerous toxin. To destroy the toxin, the food should be
boiled for 10 minutes before tasting or eating.
In the United States, the practice of fortifying _____ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter
table salt
