nutrition test chapter 4-6
ketones
alternate energy source that can result in high blood acidity and ketoacidosis
what are the building blocks of protein?
amino acids
the most common sterol in our diet is
cholesterol
the lipoprotein that transports fat from a meal is called a
chylomicron
the DASH diet can be helpful in reducing risk for CVD by
lowering blood lipid levels and lowering blood pressure
glucose and glucose form what disaccharide?
maltose
what is the form of protein- energy malnutrition that is marked by tissue wasting, stunted growth?
marasmus
pancreatic amylase
enzyme from pancreas that breaks down starch into maltose
hyperglycemia
excessive sugar in the blood
the term oligopeptide is used to identify a string of how many amino acids?
four to nine
which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?
galactose
what is a key storage organ that assists in fat digestion
gallbladder
which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar is low?
glucagon
the liver converts all monosaccharides into
glucose
what is the most abundant carbohydrate?
glucose
what are the three most common monosaccharides?
glucose, galactose, fructose
a complete protein is a protein that
has all 9 essential amino acids
what begins the denaturation of protein in the stomach?
hydrochloric acid
fat is ______ in water
insoluble
jen consumes grains, fruits, vegetables, eggs, and dairy. what type of vegetarian diet is this?
lacto-ovo vegetarian
glucose and galactose form what disaccharide?
lactose
the portion of the amino acid that changes to give each amino acid its unique identity is the
side chain
majority of fat digestion occurs in the
small intestine
where does most of the chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?
small intestine
what are the different solubilities of dietary fiber?
soluble and insoluble
what are complex carbohydrates?
starch glycogen fiber
how do animals store glycogen?
store glucose as glycogen
how do plants store starch
store glucose as polysaccharides in form of starch
glucose and fructose form what disaccharide
sucrose
the most common source of added sugar in the American diet is?
sweetened soft drinks
glycemic load
the amount of carbohydrate in a food multiplied by the glycemic index
fats belong to a larger group of substances called
lipids
where are most monosaccharides converted to glucose?
liver
where do animals store glycogen?
liver and muscles
where is glycogen stored?
liver and muscles
alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid are essential fatty acids?
true
we can absorb more than 90% of amino acids in soy protein sources. true or false?
true
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
fats provide ______ k/cal per gram
9
what percentage of protein should we consume each day?
10-35%
the RDA for protein in sedentary people is
0.8 g/kg body weight
whats the RDA for a carbohydrate?
130 g per day
we should consume this many grams of carbohydrates per day?
130 grams
what is the AI for fiber?
14 grams per 1000 kcal (25 g for women, 38 g for men)
sugar alcohols
2-3 kcal energy per gram
how many levels of protein structure are there
4
nutritive sweeteners
4kcal energy per gram
which of the following is not a component of an amino acid molecule
a fatty acid group
glycemic index
a measure of how a particular food affects blood glucose levels
atherosclerosis is a disease of narrowing of what?
arteries
how much trans fat is recommended in the diet?
as little as possible
starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber are examples of
complex carbohydrates
which of the following is a controllable risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
consumption of added sugars
What is gluconeogenesis?
converts proteins in blood and tissue into glucose
The spherical compounds made up of bile and phospholipids that transport dietary fat are called?
micelles
what are simple carbohydrates?
monosaccharides and disaccharides
functional fiber
non digestible form of carbohydrate with known health benefits
dietary fiber
nondigestible part of plants
where is glucagon secreted?
pancreas
where is insulin secreted?
pancreas
complex carbohydrates consist of long chain glucose molecules called
polysaccharides
what are the enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine
proteases
alternative sweeteners
provide no energy
which of the following foods, when combined, make a complete protein?
tofu and broccoli with almonds
Your risk for cardiovascular disease is increased if you consume a diet high in
trans fatty acids
dietary fat enables the transport of what
vitamins