OB final review Penny ch 25,27,28,29

The thickness for the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed

6 mm

The fetal lip typically closes by

8 weeks

The most common cause of hypertelorism

Anterior cephalocele

Which of the following would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios

Bilateral renal agenesis

Tetralogy of fallot consists of all of the following except

Lt ventricular hypertrophy

An omphalocele is associated with all of the following except

Meconium aspiration syndrome

A small mandible is termed

Micrognathia

Micrognathia is a condition found in

Trisomy 18

The fetal heart is fully formed by

10 weeks

The fetal stomach should be well visualized by

14 weeks

IUGR is defined as

A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for GA

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as

A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

Cleft lip and cleft palate may exist with

All of above

An omphalocele may contain

All of the above

A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputation is

Amniotic band syndrome

A cystic hygroma is the result of

An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within soft tissue

The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines

Anbiguous genitalia

The absence of the eyes

Anopthalmia

Which of the following is considered to be the most common type of colonic atresia

Anorectal atresia

Which of the following would be least likely to be associated with an elevated maternal serum alpha fetoprotein

Anorectal atresia

The congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and abscence of an anal opening is termed

Anotectal atresia

The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is

Autosomal dominant polycystic disease

The "keyhole" sign would be seen in all of the following situations except autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease

Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with

Beckwith widemann syndrome

The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is

Beckwith widemann syndrome

macroglossia is most commonly found with

Beckwith widemann syndrome

The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as

Binocular diameter

Close set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed

Cebocephaly

An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as

Cleft lip

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of

Coacrctation of the aorta

Fusion of the orbits is termed

Cyclopia

All of the following are sono graphic features of holopresencephaly except

Cystic hydroma

A large, mostly cystic mass is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a

Cystic hygroma

The most common cause of cardiac malposition is

Diaphragmatic hernia

The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of

Diaphragmatic hernia

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with

Down syndrome

Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21

Down syndrome

Blood is shunted into the IVC from the umbilical vein by what structure

Ductus venosus

Congenital maldevelopment of the prox portion of the small intestine is termed

Duodenal atresia

The "double bubble" sign is indicative of

Duodenal atresia

Which of the following would be most likely associated with and excessive amount of amniotic fluid

Duodenal atresia

The condition in which the heart is located on the outside of the chest wall is termed

Ectopic cordis

Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except

Encephalocele

An oral teratoma is referred to as

Epignathus

The congenital absence or part of the esophagus is termed

Esophageal atresia

The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close set orbits is

Ethmocephaly

Bladder exstrophy describes

External position of the bladder

A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of

Fetal hydrops

What organs produces amniotic fluid after 12 weeks

Fetal kidneys

The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the

Foramen of bochdalek

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum

Foramen ovale

All of the following are sono graphic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except

Gastroschisis

Pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following findings except

Gastroschisis

The most common abnormality of the fetal liver is

Hepatomegaly

A functional bowel disorder within the fetus that is caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in

Hirschsprung disease

All of the following are associated with omphalocele except

Hirschsprung disease

Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of

Holopresencephaly

A cystic hygroma is found in all of the following condition except

Hydranencephaly

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as

Hypertelorism

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent lt ventricle is

Hypoplastic lt heart syndrome

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent rt ventricle is

Hypoplastic rt heart syndrome

A reduction in the distance between the orbits

Hypotelorism

Which of the following best described a chelodechal cyst

It is the cystic dilation of the CBD

Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the

Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

An ecogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen within the

Lt ventricle

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed

Macroglossia

Which of the following lab values would be significant in the detection of an abdominal wall defect

Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein

Fetal stool is termed

Meconium

The "lying down" adrenal sign would be seen in all of the followinv situations except

Megacystis

All of the following are associated with gastroschisis except

Multiple chromosomal abnormalities

All of the following are sonogrpahic signs of ebstein anomaly except

Narrowing of the aortic arch

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the

Neck

The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the

Neuroblastoma

All of the following are associated with omphalocele except

Normal cord insertion

All of the following are associated with esophageal atresia except

Oligohydramnios

The herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is termed

Physiologic herniation

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is

Pleural effusion

The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of

Pleural effusion

An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed

Polyhydramnios

Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with

Polyhydramnios

A separate mass of non functioning fetal lunch tissue is referred to as

Pulmonary sequestration

The "lying down" adrenal sign describes the sonographic finding of

Renal agenesis

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is

Rhabdomyoma

Gastroschisis occurs more often in what location

Rt lateral of the cord insertion

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is

Sagittal

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels

The AO arises from the lt ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the rt ventricle

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart

The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts

The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is an

Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holopresencephaly

Trisomy 13

Which of the following is also referred to as patau syndrome

Trisomy 13

An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen in cases of

Trisomy 21

Most often, _____ is associated with duodenal atresia

Trisomy 21

Fetal rhabdomyomas are associated with which of the following

Tuberous sclerosis

All of the following are associated with duodenal atresia except

Turner syndrome

The embryonic heart begins as

Two tubes

Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy

Unilateral renal agenesis

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect

Ventricular septal defect