OB final review Penny ch 25,27,28,29
The thickness for the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed
6 mm
The fetal lip typically closes by
8 weeks
The most common cause of hypertelorism
Anterior cephalocele
Which of the following would be most likely associated with oligohydramnios
Bilateral renal agenesis
Tetralogy of fallot consists of all of the following except
Lt ventricular hypertrophy
An omphalocele is associated with all of the following except
Meconium aspiration syndrome
A small mandible is termed
Micrognathia
Micrognathia is a condition found in
Trisomy 18
The fetal heart is fully formed by
10 weeks
The fetal stomach should be well visualized by
14 weeks
IUGR is defined as
A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for GA
Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as
A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
Cleft lip and cleft palate may exist with
All of above
An omphalocele may contain
All of the above
A group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputation is
Amniotic band syndrome
A cystic hygroma is the result of
An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within soft tissue
The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines
Anbiguous genitalia
The absence of the eyes
Anopthalmia
Which of the following is considered to be the most common type of colonic atresia
Anorectal atresia
Which of the following would be least likely to be associated with an elevated maternal serum alpha fetoprotein
Anorectal atresia
The congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and abscence of an anal opening is termed
Anotectal atresia
The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is
Autosomal dominant polycystic disease
The "keyhole" sign would be seen in all of the following situations except autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease
Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with
Beckwith widemann syndrome
The growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is
Beckwith widemann syndrome
macroglossia is most commonly found with
Beckwith widemann syndrome
The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as
Binocular diameter
Close set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed
Cebocephaly
An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as
Cleft lip
The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of
Coacrctation of the aorta
Fusion of the orbits is termed
Cyclopia
All of the following are sono graphic features of holopresencephaly except
Cystic hydroma
A large, mostly cystic mass is noted in the cervical spine region of a fetus. This most likely represents a
Cystic hygroma
The most common cause of cardiac malposition is
Diaphragmatic hernia
The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of
Diaphragmatic hernia
Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with
Down syndrome
Which of the following is also referred to as trisomy 21
Down syndrome
Blood is shunted into the IVC from the umbilical vein by what structure
Ductus venosus
Congenital maldevelopment of the prox portion of the small intestine is termed
Duodenal atresia
The "double bubble" sign is indicative of
Duodenal atresia
Which of the following would be most likely associated with and excessive amount of amniotic fluid
Duodenal atresia
The condition in which the heart is located on the outside of the chest wall is termed
Ectopic cordis
Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except
Encephalocele
An oral teratoma is referred to as
Epignathus
The congenital absence or part of the esophagus is termed
Esophageal atresia
The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close set orbits is
Ethmocephaly
Bladder exstrophy describes
External position of the bladder
A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of
Fetal hydrops
What organs produces amniotic fluid after 12 weeks
Fetal kidneys
The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the
Foramen of bochdalek
What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum
Foramen ovale
All of the following are sono graphic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except
Gastroschisis
Pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following findings except
Gastroschisis
The most common abnormality of the fetal liver is
Hepatomegaly
A functional bowel disorder within the fetus that is caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in
Hirschsprung disease
All of the following are associated with omphalocele except
Hirschsprung disease
Facial anomalies, when discovered, should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of
Holopresencephaly
A cystic hygroma is found in all of the following condition except
Hydranencephaly
An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as
Hypertelorism
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent lt ventricle is
Hypoplastic lt heart syndrome
A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent rt ventricle is
Hypoplastic rt heart syndrome
A reduction in the distance between the orbits
Hypotelorism
Which of the following best described a chelodechal cyst
It is the cystic dilation of the CBD
Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the
Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio
An ecogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen within the
Lt ventricle
An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed
Macroglossia
Which of the following lab values would be significant in the detection of an abdominal wall defect
Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein
Fetal stool is termed
Meconium
The "lying down" adrenal sign would be seen in all of the followinv situations except
Megacystis
All of the following are associated with gastroschisis except
Multiple chromosomal abnormalities
All of the following are sonogrpahic signs of ebstein anomaly except
Narrowing of the aortic arch
The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the
Neck
The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the
Neuroblastoma
All of the following are associated with omphalocele except
Normal cord insertion
All of the following are associated with esophageal atresia except
Oligohydramnios
The herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is termed
Physiologic herniation
The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is
Pleural effusion
The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of
Pleural effusion
An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed
Polyhydramnios
Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with
Polyhydramnios
A separate mass of non functioning fetal lunch tissue is referred to as
Pulmonary sequestration
The "lying down" adrenal sign describes the sonographic finding of
Renal agenesis
The most common fetal cardiac tumor is
Rhabdomyoma
Gastroschisis occurs more often in what location
Rt lateral of the cord insertion
The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is
Sagittal
Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels
The AO arises from the lt ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the rt ventricle
Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart
The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium
Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart
The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve
Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts
The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it
The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is an
Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest
The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holopresencephaly
Trisomy 13
Which of the following is also referred to as patau syndrome
Trisomy 13
An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen in cases of
Trisomy 21
Most often, _____ is associated with duodenal atresia
Trisomy 21
Fetal rhabdomyomas are associated with which of the following
Tuberous sclerosis
All of the following are associated with duodenal atresia except
Turner syndrome
The embryonic heart begins as
Two tubes
Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy
Unilateral renal agenesis
Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect
Ventricular septal defect