OBE-chapter 1, OBE-chapter 2, OBE-chapter 3, OBE- chapter 4, OBE-chapter 5, OBE-chapter 6, OBE-chapter 7, OBE CHAP 9, OBE CHAP 10, OBE-chapter 11, OBE-chapter 12, OBE-chapter 13, OBE - chapter 14, OBE-chapter 15, OBE101 - CHAP 16

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Which of the following is the dimension of emotional intelligence that describes the ability to recognize your own emotions and impulses? A) self-awareness B) self-management C) commitment D) empathy E) social skills

Who proposed that there are three major relevant motives, or needs, that drive one's behavior in the workplace? A) McClelland B) Alderfer C) Herzberg D) Maslow E) Wittenbaum

13) When the ticket agent at Singapore Airlines takes on the duties of a baggage handler, he is engaged in ________. A) job enlargement B) job rotation C) vertical loading D) participative management E) involvement

24) A strong organizational culture may reduce A) internalizing behaviors. B) formalization. C) norms. D) the regulation of employee behavior. E) consistency.

71) Which criterion for ethical decision making would protect Sarah if she blew the whistle on her company for illegal dumping? A) utilitarianism B) justice C) rights D) privilege

Psychology's major contributions to the field of organizational behavior have been primarily at what level of analysis? A) the level of the group B) the level of the individual C) the level of the organization D) the level of the culture E) the level of interacting groups

When would be the worst time to ask someone for a favor? A) Friday afternoon B) Monday morning C) Wednesday morning D) Thursday afternoon

________ emotions are learned; they are not innate. A) Felt B) Displayed C) Conditional D) Exposed E) Suppressed

Danielle wants to become a surgeon, not only because achieving this goal will give her self-respect and autonomy, but also because she wants a job with high status and recognition from others. Which of Maslow's needs is Danielle trying to fill? A) self-actualization B) social C) esteem D) psychological E) safety

Legitimate power is based on ________. A) positive rewards B) interpersonal trust C) structural position D) expert knowledge E) respect and admiration

34) You have heard that the teacher believes that men perform better in oral presentations than women. What shortcut has the teacher used in this case? A) the halo effect B) the contrast effect C) projection D) stereotyping E) prototyping

A ________ is a flat organization. A) bureaucracy B) centralized structure C) matrix structure D) simple structure E) virtual organization

12. John writes a memo to his employees. Putting his thoughts onto paper is an example of ________. A) encoding B) noise C) decoding D) channeling E) cryptography

10. Mary telephones her employee, Joe, to let him know that today's meeting has been moved to one o'clock. The telephone is the A) sender. B) receiver. C) medium. D) message. E) decoder.

10. The accountability of a work team is A) individual. B) mutual. C) both individual and mutual. D) seldom of concern. E) distributed.

15. A receiver who translates a sender's message is engaging in the process of ________. A) encoding B) decoding C) transmission D) feedback E) recoding

55) The learning that you experience during the interviewing and hiring process occurs as part of the ________ stage of employee socialization. A) selection B) prearrival C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) training

The "catching" of emotions from others is known as A) cognitive dissonance. B) emotional contagion. C) emotional dissonance. D) EI. E) moodiness.

76) The acronyms and jargon that employees use in an organization are part of A) stories. B) material symbols. C) rituals. D) language. E) reflections.

38. The ________ communication network is best illustrated by a self-managed team. A) wheel B) all-channel C) interpersonal D) circle E) box

4. Teams generally have a(n) ________ impact on employee motivation. A) inconsistent B) unknown C) positive D) discouraging E) neutral

Studies of twins separated at birth and raised separately have confirmed the importance of ________ in shaping personality. A) attitudes B) heredity C) environment D) parental influence

The ________ view of conflict argues that conflict is a dysfunctional outcome that may arise from management failure. A) human relations B) interactionist C) traditional D) functional E) conjunctive

The University of Michigan studies define a(n) ________ leader as one who takes personal interest in the needs of his/her subordinates. A) LMX B) contextual C) employee-oriented D) consensus-building E) consummate

The two dimensions of leader behavior explained in the Ohio State studies are ________. A) coercion and motivation B) concern for people and concern for production C) employee-oriented and production-oriented D) initiating structure and consideration E) operant conditioning and classical conditioning

Which company was called the "Leadership Factory" as a result of their reputation for developing leaders? A) Disney B) Southwest Airlines C) General Electric D) Goldman Sachs E) Yahoo!

What is the term used for the degree to which people like or dislike themselves? A) core self-evaluation B) authoritarianism C) locus of control D) Machiavellianism E) efficacy

________ bargaining is negotiation that seeks to divide a "fixed pie." A) Distributive B) Integrative C) Reflective D) Affective E) Conjunctive

19. Which of the following statements best characterizes self-managed teams? A) Their team members often have low levels of job satisfaction. B) Their team members prefer to work alone. C) Their productivity is generally low. D) The overall research on their effectiveness has not been uniformly positive. E) They tend to operate best in non-hierarchical societies.

22. Which tactic for overcoming resistance to change basically assumes that the source of resistance lies in misinformation? A) training and development B) facilitation and support C) education and communication D) teaching and advancement E) cooptation and manipulation

24. If management realizes that firing up employees can help them let go of the status quo to change, which method of overcoming resistance to change are they likely to use? A) education and communication B) participation C) building emotional commitment D) selecting people who accept change E) coercion

35. A(n) ________ network of communication would most likely be found in direct-line authority relations with no deviations. A) vertical B) direct C) chain D) all-channel E) box

37. When all communication is channeled through one person, a ________ communication network exists. A) direct B) chain C) lateral D) wheel E) box

52) Which of the following is one advantage of variable pay plans to management? A) They turn fixed labor costs into variable labor costs. B) They turn low producers into high producers. C) They turn slow employees into fast employees. D) They turn high fixed costs into low fixed costs. E) They turn lower performance into fewer employees.

63) When one "throws good money after bad," which judgment bias is present? A) escalation of commitment B) hindsight C) satisficing D) representative E) rose-colored glasses

Most current motivation theories have a strong emphasis on individualism and goal accomplishment. Why is this? A) They were developed in the United States by Americans. B) These are the traits needed to successfully motivate people. C) Researchers tend to concentrate on those traits that are easiest to quantify. D) Motivation theory relies on the study of personality traits to understand what drives people. E) These are the two traits that are most distinct in most people worldwide.

60. Many organizations are concerned about the security of IM/TM since A) they are often encoded. B) they can be intercepted so easily. C) they are written in short-hand. D) they are not saved. E) they clutter up in-boxes

62. Once an idea is developed, those who actively promote it, build support, overcome resistance and ensure the innovation is implemented are known as A) idea champions. B) innovators. C) management. D) resistors. E) innovators.

64. In gathering information on job candidates, prospective employers might check an applicant's A) email. B) IM's. C) MySpace. D) TM's. E) All of the above

64. When management starts with a clean sheet to rethink the way they create value, they are engaged in A) process reengineering. B) appreciative inquiry. C) continuous improvement. D) distinctive competencies. E) organizational development.

65. Task conflicts do all of the following EXCEPT A) stimulate discussion. B) promote critical assessment of problems. C) limit critical assessment of options. D) lead to better team decisions. E) lessen the likelihood of groupthink.

68. A process of organizing and distributing an organization's collective wisdom so the right information gets to the right people at the right time is known as ________. A) the grapevine B) knowledge management C) organizational communication D) the rumor mill E) effective feedback

79. Which is not a strategy for managers to make their firms learning organizations? A) Establish a strategy that makes management's commitment to innovation explicit. B) Redesign the organization's structure by flattening the structure and increasing the use of cross-functional teams. C) Reshape the organization's culture by emphasizing risk taking and openness. D) Systematically collect data and then select a change action based on the analyzed data. E) Make it clear that people high in the organization are behind any proposed change.

82. All of the following statements are true of culture change EXCEPT A) societies that focus on the long term will show patience in waiting for positive outcomes from change efforts. B) in the Unites States, people will seek change programs that promise fast results. C) resistance to change will be influenced by a society's reliance on tradition.. D) Italians are less resistant to change than Americans. E) greater use of participation is expected in change efforts in Denmark.

Organizational behavior is constructed from all of the following disciplines except ________. A) physics B) psychology C) anthropology D) sociology E) social psychology

The strength of the matrix structure is its ________. A) ability to facilitate coordination B) economies of scale C) adherence to chain of command D) standardization E) social empowerment

What do you call the practice of hiding inner feelings and forgoing emotional expressions in response to display rules? A) surface acting B) deep acting C) emotional subterfuge D) affective camouflage E) repressed affection

What does MBO provide for the individual employee? A) specific personal performance objectives B) precise job descriptions C) explicit task objectives D) clear direction and purpose E) higher salaries

Of the Big Five, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, to job satisfaction, and to low stress levels. A) self-esteem B) emotional stability C) agreeableness D) conscientiousness E) extroversion

The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is ________. A) job satisfaction B) job involvement C) job stability D) organizational commitment E) social embeddedness

The interactionist view of conflict proposes that functional conflict is ________. A) an indication of the group maturity level B) necessary for effective group performance C) a necessary evil D) always focused around relationships E) universally harmful

The matrix structure combines which two forms of departmentalization? A) process and functional B) functional and product C) product and process D) process and geographic E) geographic and product

There is a greater likelihood of political behavior of the illegitimate kind when there is/are ________ within the organization. A) more resources B) less trust C) more executive opportunities D) less executive opportunities E) less satisfaction

Which of the following does not describe high self-monitors? A) The show greater sensitivity to social cues. B) They possess an external locus of control. C) They exhibit higher levels of social conformity. D) They are more likely to be skilled in political behavior. E) They are more likely to engage in political behavior

Which of the following is correct about cultural differences in negotiation? A) The Japanese tend to communicate directly. B) The Chinese draw out negotiations. C) Americans are known for their patience. D) Arabs rely on facts and appeal to logic. E) Russians tend to reciprocate concessions.

Which of the following is not one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture? A) power distance B) flexibility versus rigidity C) individualism versus collectivism: D) long-term versus short-term orientation: E) uncertainty avoidance

Which of the following researchers produced a comprehensive analysis for analyzing variations among cultures? A) Maslow B) Hofstede C) Festinger D) Skinner E) Freud

17) The primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the organization are known as ________. A) foundational values B) core values C) shared values D) institutional traits E) manifestos

2) What are the three classes of factors that influence perception? A) factors in the setting, factors in the environment and factors in the motives B) factors in the perceiver, factors in the target and factors in the situation C) factors in the character, factors in knowledge and factors in experience D) factors in the personality, factors in the character and factors in the values E) factors in the senses, factors in the surroundings and factors in the lighting

20) A strong culture can create a climate of ________. A) creativity B) high behavioral control C) low commitment D) disloyalty E) uncertainty

32) Jennifer has already presented two excellent reports. The report she has just presented is clearly not as good as the first two reports, yet she is given the same high grade as before. What shortcut has the teacher used in this case? A) the contrast effect B) the halo effect C) stereotyping D) projection E) assertion

35) What term is used for a participative process that uses the entire capacity of employees and is designed to encourage increased commitment to the organization's success? A) MBO B) employee involvement C) reengineering D) OB Mod E) job sharing

37) Culture is most likely to be a liability when ________. A) it increases the consistency of behavior B) the organization's environment is dynamic C) the organization's management is ineffectual D) it reduces ambiguity E) countercultures are integrated into the dominant cultures

All of the following are jobs that have helped researchers understand the concept of emotional labor EXCEPT A) flight attendants. B) copy editors. C) funeral directors. D) doctors.

Jerrod is relatively new to Xenon Corporation and wants to make sure that he makes a good impression on his coworkers and supervisor. He agrees with the supervisor's opinion most of the time and is always doing nice things for him. Jerrod makes sure that he associates with the "right" people and is constantly complimenting others about their good work. Jerrod is attempting to use A) politics. B) impression management. C) defensive behavior. D) his power base. E) interdependence.

Jim is a student who cannot work at writing a paper for more than 30 minutes, yet he can spend many hours writing comments on blogs. What accounts for the change in motivation in this case? A) his ability B) the direction C) his personality D) the congruence E) the structure of the task

You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project which requires creativity, stamina and farsightedness. The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs Type of each of the applicants. These results are shown below: Candidate Alan Brenda Cameron Drusilla Ellen Myers Briggs Type INTJ ESTJ ENTP ESFP INFP You are looking for an organizer, a person on whom you can depend to be practical and realistic. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers-Briggs Type? A) Alan B) Brenda C) Cameron D) Drusilla E) Ellen

You describe a structure that is flat, has little formalization, and is fast, flexible, and inexpensive to maintain. You are describing the ________. A) matrix structure B) simple structure C) bureaucracy D) team structure E) organizational pyramid

You have decided to allow conflict to exist so long as it doesn't hinder group performance. You will try to eliminate those destructive forms of conflict that are A) functional. B) dysfunctional. C) task. D) individualized. E) non-communicative.

Your new organization is looking for maximum flexibility. The most appropriate structure is probably the ________. A) matrix organization B) virtual organization C) team structure D) network structure E) organizational pyramid

________ focuses on the study of people in relation to their social environment. A) Psychology B) Sociology C) Corporate strategy D) Political science E) Operations management

________ intervene(s) between people's perceptions and their overt behavior. A) Intuition B) Intention C) Cognition D) Attributions E) Attitudes

________ means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity. A) Globalization B) Workforce diversity C) Affirmative action D) Organizational culture E) Operational homogeneity

71) Nunya is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. The dress code worn by Nunya employees is an example of a ________ through which organization culture is transmitted. A) story B) ritual C) material symbol D) symbolic act E) tool

72) The Wal-Mart company chant is an example of a(n) A) story. B) material symbol. C) ritual. D) language. E) reflection.

73) Socialization rituals perform all of the following functions except that of ________. A) reinforcing the key values of the organization B) emphasizing the organization's goals C) revealing the company's bottom line in terms of net profit D) reinforcing the company's perspective on which people are important E) revealing the company's view of which people are expendable

73) Why are flexible benefit plans consistent with expectancy theory's thesis? A) They allow organizations to minimize costs associated with benefits. B) They provide a suite of tangible rewards that can be offered as motivation. C) Flexible benefits individualize rewards. D) They make employment at firms providing such programs more attractive. E) The motivation to gain extra benefits promotes productivity.

76) What should Susan avoid doing if she is to encourage creativity in her committee? A) encourage the flow of ideas B) judge ideas fairly and constructively C) sharply define the problem to be solved D) give rewards and recognition for creative work E) support the committee

80) What is the segment in the three-component model of creativity that turns creative potential into actual creative ideas? A) expertise B) creative thinking skills C) intrinsic task motivation D) intuition E) realization

According to Hofstede, the Unites States scores high in ________ and low in ________. A) power distance; uncertainty avoidance B) individualism; power distance C) uncertainty avoidance; individualism D) uncertainty avoidance; masculinity E) femininity; masculinity

An individual most likely to engage in political behavior would have all of the following except a(n) ________. A) high need for power B) high ability to self monitor C) high charisma rating D) internal locus of control E) Machiavellian personality

As employees are being empowered to make decisions previously reserved for management, which concept of organizational structure has become less relevant? A) decentralization B) maintaining the chain of command C) centalization D) span of control E) departmentalization

Job satisfaction is best described as ________. A) a result B) a value C) an attitude D) causing high performance E) a valued discipline

The power that the College Dean has been granted by the University over the faculty is termed ________ power. A) academic B) positional C) legitimate D) personal E) referent

The structure that creates dual lines of authority is the ________. A) organizational structure B) bureaucracy C) matrix structure D) virtual organization E) simple structure

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for? A) extroverted/intuitive B) emotional/introverted C) extroverted/introverted D) emotional/intuitive E) sane/reflective

When the team he supports wins the World Cup, Detleb feels a surge of joy, which turns into a feeling of satisfaction that lasts for days. What is one of the reasons that the feeling of satisfaction might be categorized as a mood and not an emotion? A) It is a very strong feeling. B) It is brought about by a specific event. C) It has a lengthy duration. D) It is a positive feeling. E) It is not the result of something that Detleb himself has done.

When your superior offers you a raise if you will perform additional work beyond the requirements of your job, he/she is exercising ________ power. A) legitimate B) coercive C) reward D) personal E) reflective

Which bargaining strategy is preferable for use in intra-organizational behavior? A) positive negotiation B) distributive bargaining C) integrative bargaining D) equal bargaining E) equity splitting

84) All of the following statements about employee involvement are true, EXCEPT A) Employee involvement programs must reflect national culture. B) Managers in India who empowered their employees through employee involvement programs were rated low. C) US employees accept employee involvement programs, but not all employees from other culture feel the same way. D) Employees across the globe warmly receive employee involvement programs

Which category of dominant work values is most likely to characterize a 55-year-old employee in the United States? A) hard working, conservative, conforming, loyalty to the organization B) team-orientated, honest, self-reliant, loyal to relationships. C) success, achievement, ambition, dislike of authority, loyalty to career D) work/life balance, team-oriented, dislike of rules, loyalty to relationships E) confident, financial success, self-reliant but team-oriented, loyalty to both self and relationships

Which company was the focus of a study on how satisfaction directly leads to attendance? A) Neiman Marcus B) Southwest C) Sears D) Macy's E) Four Seasons

According to Hofstede, which country scored as the most individualistic nation of all? A) Japan B) Korea C) Great Britain D) United States E) China

Which major job-satisfaction facet is the one most strongly correlated with high levels of overall job satisfaction? A) advancement opportunity B) pay C) enjoying the work D) supervision

Which of the following appears to be the combination of needs found in the best managers? A) high nAch, high nPow B) high nAch, low nPow C) high nPow, low nAff D) low nPow, high nAff E) low nAff, high nAch

Job satisfaction is negatively related to A) turnover. B) absenteeism. C) customer satisfaction. D) turnover and absenteeism. E) turnover and customer satisfaction

Which of the following is not a drawback of a narrow span of control? A) It is expensive. B) It makes vertical communication in the organization more complex. C) Supervisors may lose control of their employees. D) It encourages overly tight supervision. E) It discourages employee autonomy

Which of the following is not a weakness of the simple structure? A) It is risky. B) It is prone to information overload. C) There is little unity of command. D) It can lead to slower decision making. E) It is often insufficient in larger organizations

Which of the following is not an individual factor related to political behavior? A) organizational investment B) perceived job alternatives C) zero-sum reward practices D) level of self-monitoring E) expectations of success

Which of the following is not considered to be completely influenced by heredity? A) facial attractiveness B) energy level C) personality D) physical stature

Which of the following statements is true? A) Affect is a type of emotion. B) Affect is a type of mood. C) Affect can be experienced as a mood or an emotion. D) Affect is the result of conscious thought and action. E) Affect is the result of a mood or an emotion.

________ is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization A) Bureaucracy B) Matrix organization C) Simple structure D) Team structure E) Centralized structure

The "enterprising" personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations would exhibit which of the following personality characteristics? A) imaginative, disorderly, idealistic B) shy, genuine, persistent C) sociable, friendly, cooperative D) self-confident, ambitious, energetic E) conforming, efficient, practical

The study of group behavior in organizations has largely been derived from what field of study? A) psychology B) political science C) anthropology D) sociology E) psychiatry

Which of the following statements is NOT true about job satisfaction ? A) More workers are satisfied with their jobs overall than are dissatisfied. B) U.S. trends are generally applicable to other developed countries, C) Employees tend to be most satisfied by the work itself. D) Rate of pay is strongly correlated with job satisfaction for almost all workers. E) Employees tend to be least satisfied with pay and promotion opportunities

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning emotions? A) Until recently, the field of OB has given the topic of emotions little or no attention. B) The prevailing thought in business until recently was to put a damper on emotions. C) Managers have tried to create emotion-free organizations. D) Researchers have viewed emotions as constructive and able to enhance productivity. E) The myth of rationality can explain why emotions have been given little or no attention in the field of OB.

Which of the following statements is not an implication of increased workplace diversity? A) Managers should recognize differences between workers. B) Diversity training should be provided. C) Employee benefits should be revamped to accommodate the different needs of different employees. D) It is critical that all workers be treated alike. E) Innovation and creativity in organizations is likely to increase.

Which of the following values would be most likely to be considered a terminal value by Rokeach? A) ambitious B) broad-minded C) helpful D) a sense of accomplishment E) self-controlled

You know that your customers are demanding and sometimes difficult. Which personality dimension taps a person's ability to withstand stress? A) extraversion B) judging C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) intellect

Your products fall into several categories with very different production methods for each category. Because of this, you might consider departmentalizing by ________. A) implementation B) method C) production D) process E) matrix

Your trainees are given a case study concerning a local manufacturing firm called Acme Products. In assessing Acme's organizational structure, your trainees notice that all of the company's decisions are made by top management, with little or no input from lower-level personnel. The trainees most likely identify Acme as a(n) ________ organization. A) decentralized B) highly formalized C) aggressively managed D) highly centralized E) informally structured

Leaders can influence how others see and understand events by A) framing. B) delegating. C) directing. D) using LMX theory. E) engaging in charismatic leadership.

The ________ principle helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority. A) span-of-control B) chain-of-command C) cross-functionality D) centralization E) unity-of-command

The basis by which jobs are grouped together is termed ________. A) social clustering B) bureaucracy C) specialization D) centralization E) departmentalization

The primary organizational implication of cognitive dissonance theory is that it helps to predict ________. A) overall job satisfaction for employees B) the likelihood of a given employee engaging in impression management C) the overall level to which the workforce will accept gender, racial or other types of bias D) the willingness of the workforce to accept company rules and work practices E) the inclination towards attitude and behavioral change of the workforce

The vice president in your region is perceived throughout the organization as a ruthless man who is not to be antagonized. It is necessary for you to bring him a report and you are very nervous about having to deal with him. The most likely reason for the success of this vice president in your organization is that his subordinates A) strive to make themselves indispensable to him. B) find his leadership style inspiring. C) strive to emulate him. D) are envious of his success. E) fear negative sanctions if they fail to comply.

When Matt avoids blame by manipulating information by distortion or deception, he is using the defensive behavior known as A) buffing. B) playing safe. C) justifying. D) scapegoating. E) misrepresenting.

Which group comprises nearly half of the U.S. labor force? A) people over the age of 65 B) Latino/as C) African-Americans D) men E) women

Which of the following factors is likely to impact the job satisfaction-turnover relationship? A) labor-market conditions B) length of time with the organization C) expectations about alternative job opportunities D) employee's level of performance E) all of the above

Which of the following factors requires that employees become more flexible? A) temporariness B) corporate excess C) truncated capacity D) advances in corporate strategy E) global competition

Which of the following is NOT a response to dissatisfaction? A) exit response B) voice response C) loyalty response D) neglect response E) performance response

Which of the following is a mood dimension consisting of positive emotions. A) positive regard B) static regard C) negative affect D) emotional range E) positive affect

Who was the first scholar to discuss charismatic leadership? A) Max Weber B) Vroom C) House D) Fiedler E) Blake

1. Phrases such as "more cultural diversity," "many new entrants with inadequate skills," and "increase in aging workers" are all examples of what force for change? A) technology B) world politics C) nature of the workforce D) social trends E) competition

37. When different teams need to coordinate their efforts to produce a desired outcome, it is known as a A) linear work team. B) cross functional team system. C) multi-team system. D) virtual team system. E) strategic alliance.

38. Research on organizational change has shown that to be effective, A) change has to happen quickly. B) organizations must build up to change. C) change must be phased in slowly across departments. D) strong cultures must be weakened. E) change must be incremental and not radical.

54. Electronic communication is the primary medium of communication in today's organizations in ________ percent of cases. A) 15 B) 25 C) 50 D) 70 E) 90

73. Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. Jake is engaging in ________. A) filtering B) selective perception C) communication apprehension D) emotional block E) selective selection

According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating? A) when it is substantially satisfied B) it never stops motivating C) when one returns to a lower-level need D) when one chooses to move to a higher-level need E) only when it is completely satisfied

Stage II of the conflict process deals with conflict being ________. A) perceived and felt B) apparent and experienced C) expressed and perceived D) overt and covert E) internalized

As a leader, Joseph conveys values that are other-centered versus self-centered and models ethical conduct. He is demonstrating A) transformational leadership. B) socialized charismatic leadership. C) charismatic leadership. D) transactional leadership. E) dark charismatic leadership

23) What name is used for the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors? A) the fundamental attribution error B) the self-serving bias C) consistency D) selective perception E) stereotyping

25) Investors bragged about their investing expertise during the stock market rally between 1996 and early 2000, then blamed analysts, brokers, and the Federal Reserve when the market imploded in 2000 What sort of bias were these investors most probably guilty of? A) the fundamental attribution error B) the self-serving bias C) the halo effect D) distinctiveness E) selective perception

4) What is the relationship between what one perceives and objective reality? A) They are the same. B) They can be substantially different. C) They should be the same. D) They are rarely if ever the same. E) They cannot be the same.

85) To improve their decision making, managers should do all of the following EXCEPT A) Enhance their creativity. B) Be aware of biases, then try to minimize their impact. C) Use rational analysis and avoid intuition. D) Analyze the situation.

85) To motivate employees in organizations, managers should do all of the following EXCEPT A) recognize individual differences B) use goals and feedback C) make decisions for employees including setting goals for them D) link rewards to performance E) check the reward system for equity

A company oriented around cost minimization is best served by which type of structure? A) virtual B) combination C) mechanistic D) organic E) targeted

According to Holland's personalityjob fit theory, what are consequences of a good fit between personality and occupation? A) a low level of stress B) a high level of accomplishment C) high satisfaction and low turnover D) maximum performance and efficiency E) a high rate of turnover

An OB study would be least likely to be used to focus on which of the following problems? A) an increase in absenteeism at a certain company B) a fall in productivity in one shift of a manufacturing plant C) a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition D) an increase in theft by employees at a retail store E) excessive turnover in volunteer workers at a non-profit organization

The conflict-handling intention of avoiding is ________. A) assertive and uncooperative B) assertive and cooperative C) unassertive and uncooperative D) unassertive and cooperative E) assertive and reflective

The example of labor-management negotiations over wages exemplifies ________ bargaining. A) integrative B) reflective C) distributive D) restrictive E) affective

The focus on relationships in distributive bargaining is ________. A) accommodation B) long term C) short term D) win-win E) lose-lose

46) The selection process helps candidates learn about an organization. If employees perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, this gives them a chance to ________. A) work to change the organization B) express their concerns C) inform the organization of appropriate changes D) self-select out of the applicant pool E) rectify their cognitive dissonance

49) In a 2006 study, what percentage of top performers indicated pay was a key factor in losing top talent? A) 21 B) 41 C) 61 D) 71

Jessica believes that she received an appropriate salary increase this year but she does not believe that the company's methods for determining salary increases were fair. She believes that there is a problem with the firm's ________ justice. A) interpersonal B) distributive C) equity D) procedural E) outcome

The GLOBE team identified ________ dimensions on which national cultures differ. A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 15

Which of the following is NOT generally found in businesses whose employees have high-average levels of engagement? A) higher levels of customer satisfaction B) higher levels of productivity C) higher profits D) higher turnover E) lower accident rates

56) Which of the following is not one of the most widely used variable-pay programs? A) piece-rate wages B) merit-based pay C) base pay D) employee stock ownership E) profit-sharing plans

57) In which stage of the socialization process do you usually begin to notice things that are not as you expected? A) orientation B) prearrival C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) arrival

Which of the following theories argues that because of time pressures, leaders establish a special relationship with a small group of their subordinates? A) managerial grid B) leader-member exchange C) path-goal D) expectancy E) contingency

39. In a(n) ________ communication network, any network member can communicate with any other member. A) wheel B) all-channel C) interpersonal D) circle E) free

41. In addition to evaluating and rewarding employees for their individual contributions, management should consider using which of the following to reinforce team effort and commitment? A) personalized incentives B) consistent wages for all team members C) individual performance evaluations D) fixed hourly wages E) profit sharing

67. The concern today is A) to eliminate all stress on the job. B) to avoid all stressors. C) to eliminate all challenge stress. D) to reduce dysfunctional stress. E) to understand dysfunctional stress.

75. Exercises that help individuals become team players include workshops in ________. A) negotiation B) individualism C) goal setting D) event planning E) recruiting

The need for ________ identified by McClelland has received the most attention from researchers. A) achievement B) affiliation C) power D) esteem E) belongingness

The point below which either negotiating party would break off negotiations is known as the party's ________ point. A) resistance B) refusal C) target D) negative E) assistance

The power tactic of using flattery and creating goodwill before making a request is known as ________. A) ingratiation B) exchange C) inspirational appeal D) motivational appeal E) affective appeal

Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized all of the following EXCEPT A) human behavior. B) economics. C) accounting. D) finance.

Veterans are most likely to place the greatest importance on A) a comfortable like and family security B) social recognition C) true friendship D) happiness E) meaningful work

Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"? A) values B) attitudes C) convictions D) preferences E) affectual preferences

10) What is a main strength of job rotation? A) It eliminates turnover. B) It increases motivation. C) It increases productivity. D) It decreases training costs E) It decreases supervisor workload.

18) The more consistent a behavior, the more the observer is inclined to attribute it to ________. A) interpretation B) internal causes C) consensus D) external causes E) distinctiveness

Employee discretion is inversely related to ________. A) complexity B) standardization C) specialization D) departmentalization E) empowerment

For process conflict to be productive, it must be ________. A) kept high B) kept low C) kept at low-to-moderate levels D) kept at moderate levels E) subject to managerial control

One of the most popular ways to group activities is by ________. A) product B) function C) geography D) process E) temporality

Based on the GLOBE student, which leadership characteristic might be the most effective in leading a team of Brazilian employees? A) low on consideration B) low LPC scores C) emphasis on participative decision-making D) dictatorial in nature E) task-oriented

19) The vertical expansion of jobs is seen in ________. A) job rotation B) job enlargement C) job enrichment D) job sharing E) flextime

Which of the following is not a moderating variable of the attitude-behavior relationship? A) direct experience B) correspondence to behavior C) power D) accessibility E) importance

Proctor & Gamble departmentalizes by Tide, Pampers, Charmin, and Pringles. This is an example of departmentalization by ________. A) function B) process C) geography D) product E) interest

The two general groupings of power are ________. A) informational and personal B) formal and informal C) informal and legitimate D) personal and formal E) static and fluid

Today's managers understand that the success of any effort at improving quality and productivity must include ________. A) process reengineering B) quality management programs C) customer service improvements D) employees E) manufacturing simplification

"Dissonance" means ________. A) reactance B) constance C) resistance D) consistency E) inconsistency

35) Culture may be a liability when it is a barrier to ________. A) change B) diversity C) mergers and acquisitions D) acquisitions E) all of the above

43) Culture creation occurs in which of the following ways? A) Founders hire employees who think and feel the way they do. B) Founders indoctrinate and socialize employees to their way of thinking and feeling. C) Founders keep employees who think and feel they way they do. D) Founders' behavior acts as a role model for others to identify with. E) all of the above

Which of the following statements are true? A) Employee satisfaction is related to positive customer outcomes for those employees with regular customer contact. B) Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction. C) Dissatisfied customers can increase an employee's job dissatisfaction. D) Satisfied employees increase customer loyalty. E) All of the above.

Which one of the following problems is most likely to occur in a matrix structure? A) decreased response to environmental change B) decreased employee motivation C) loss of economies of scale D) increases in groupthink E) employees receiving conflicting directives

John Kotter's view argues that management focuses on coping with complexity, whereas leadership focuses on coping with ________. A) conflict B) success C) defeat D) morale E) change

Suddenly your boss begins sending people to training to help them develop more effective leadership characteristics. It is clear that he is reading an author who supports ________. A) trait theories B) behavioral theories C) Fiedler's contingency model D) the reflection effect E) the managerial grid

The Fiedler model proposes A) changing the leader. B) changing the situation. C) matching leaders and situations. D) changing the employees. E) training the leader to match each situation.

The text implies that the type of leader likely to have the most profound effect on his or her followers is the ________ leader. A) educational B) transformational C) actuarial D) transcendent E) transactional

There is fairly strong evidence that traits can predict ________ more accurately than leadership effectiveness. A) leadership emergence B) extraversion in leaders C) leadership awareness D) leadership competence E) the conscientiousness of leaders

Which of the following proposed a contingency theory? A) Fiedler B) Blake C) Weber D) Mouton E) Kelleher

8. Skills of work teams can be best described as A) random. B) complementary. C) varied. D) independent. E) redundant.

A major disadvantage of the matrix structure is ________. A) the confusion it creates B) its simplicity C) its rigid adherence to the unity of command D) its centralization E) its rigid role expectations

OB is a field of study that investigates the impact the individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving A) an organization's effectiveness. B) an organization's social responsibilities. C) the manager's pay. D) the quality of the firm's products. E) an organization's social audit results.

Trying to achieve your goal at the expense of your co-worker achieving hers is an example of ________. A) competing B) avoiding C) accommodating D) compromising E) collaborating

According to a recent poll, people are getting ________ sleep than they did in the past. A) more B) less C) higher-quality D) deeper E) lighter

________ developed a Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire that contains 160 occupational titles. A) Maslow B) Holland C) Hofstede D) Herzberg E) Surber

Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the ________ aspects of management. A) ethical B) people C) technical D) human E) global

How would someone who is described as an ESTJ on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator best be described? A) as a visionary B) as a conceptualizer C) as an innovator D) as an organizer E) as a leader

The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on A) employee pay. B) benefits. C) work hours. D) intrinsic parts of the job. E) employee productivity.

Which of the following statements is false concerning gender differences in negotiations? A) Women are penalized when they initiate negotiations. B) Women's attitudes toward negotiation and toward themselves as negotiators appear to be quite different from men's. C) Managerial women demonstrate less confidence in anticipation of negotiating. D) Women and men negotiate differently. E) Men tend to negotiate slightly better outcomes than women.

________ conflict hinders group performance. A) Formal B) Informal C) Functional D) Dysfunctional E) Reactive

Which is not one of the five conflict-handling intentions? A) collaborating B) competing C) accommodating D) avoiding E) resisting

14. When GM announces a major layoff, the source of employees' resistance to change is ________. A) habit B) security C) limited focus D) structural E) economic factors

Research has found that tenure and conflict are A) highly positively correlated. B) counterproductive. C) inversely related. D) always present together. E) unrelated.

18) Which of the following is characteristic of a strong culture? A) little influence over members' behavior B) low behavioral controls C) narrowly shared values D) intensely held values E) weakly held values

In equity theory, individuals assess the ________. A) cost-benefit ratio B) efficiency-effectiveness trade-off C) quantity-quality trade-off D) outcome-input ratio for themselves as compared to others E) pareto efficient outcome

) According to the text, which of the following skills should be included in leadership training? A) vision implementation B) trust building C) situational analysis D) mentoring E) all of the above

1. Communication must include both the ________ and the understanding of meaning. A) transportation B) interpretation C) writing D) transfer E) intention

28. Which one of the following is NOT suggested as a tactic for dealing with resistance to change? A) acceleration B) coercion C) participation D) cooptation E) building emotional commitment

4. Which of the following is not a primary force for change in organizations? A) technology B) economic shocks C) decreasing skill sets D) social trends E) competition

49. ________ is a tool for assessing attitudes held by organizational members, identifying discrepancies among member perceptions, and solving these differences. A) Sensitivity training B) Survey feedback C) Process consultation D) Intergroup development E) MBWA

5. An example of change in the nature of competition is ________. A) growth of e-commerce B) collapse of Enron Corporation C) Iraq-U.S. war D) increased interest in urban living E) a decrease in interest rates

5. Which of the following statements best defines a work group? A) The performance of a work group is generally greater than the sum of its inputs from individual members. B) A work group interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each member perform within his or her area of responsibility. C) A work group consists of 3 or more people who take on self-supervising responsibilities. D) A work group consists of 3 or more people from across departmental or functional lines. E) A work group is a group comprised of 10 or more people

8. The medium through which communication travels is called a ________. A) transmission B) message C) media D) channel E) vessel

81. Which of the following would be least likely to pose a barrier to cross-cultural communications? A) tone difference B) word connotations C) semantics D) political correctness E) differences among perceptions

83. Which of the following is true of the way idea champions do things in the global arena? A) Successful idea champions will do things differently in different cultures. B) People in collectivist cultures prefer appeals for cross-functional support for innovation efforts. C) People in high-power distance cultures prefer champions to work closely with those in authority before work is conducted on them. D) Idea champions in cultures high in uncertainty avoidance will be more effective by closely following procedures. E) all of the above

53) The socialization stage that encompasses the learning that occurs before a new member joins an organization is known as ________ socialization. A) prearrival B) encounter C) metamorphosis D) ritual E) systemic

53) Which of the following statements concerning intuition is NOT true? A) Decision-makers' use of intuition is irrational and ineffective. B) Relying on intuition can improve decision making. C) Care must be taken not to rely too much on intuition. D) Intuition should be supplemented with evidence and good judgment.

54) During which stage of the socialization process do individuals come with a set of values, attitudes and expectations? A) prearrival B) encounter C) metamorphosis D) ritual E) analysis

60) The time when a new employee sees what the organization is really like and realizes that expectations and reality may diverge is called the ________ stage. A) encounter B) exploration C) establishment D) metamorphosis E) mirroring

61) What is the term used for an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information? A) escalation of commitment B) hindsight C) satisficing D) representative E) rose-colored-glasses

64) Which decision making bias reduces our ability to learn from the past? A) hindsight bias B) escalation of commitment C) overconfidence bias D) anchoring bias

An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he performs is known as A) employee engagement. B) job involvement. C) loyalty. D) job satisfaction

Darwin argued that emotions ________. A) help humans solve problems B) hinder our ability to survive C) help us understand our world D) are linked to moods E) serve no real purpose

Emotional intelligence appears to be especially relevant in jobs that demand which of the following? A) social interaction B) commitment C) task structure D) charisma E) leadership skills

If Jane wants to increase the likelihood that her manager is receptive to her request for a raise, what day should she avoid asking for her raise? A) Monday B) Tuesday C) Wednesday D) Friday

If Jason wants to experience more positive workplace interactions, what advice would you give him about his timing? A) More positive interactions are likely from midmorning onward. B) The most positive interactions are likely in the early morning. C) The most positive interactions are likely in sunny weather. D) The most positive interactions are likely in warmer weather.

If an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work, which of the following is being expressed? A) emotional labor B) negative synergy C) dissonance D) emotional intelligence E) deviance

Political behaviors usually ________. A) lie outside of an individual's specified job requirements B) are counterproductive to individual goals C) are seen only in large organizations D) are frowned upon by organizational leaders E) are expected as part of each job requirement

The ________ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization. A) mechanistic model B) organic model C) traditional model D) bureaucracy organization E) simple structure

When politicking becomes too much to handle, A) it can lead to employees quitting. B) it can lead to increases in employee performance. C) it can increase the motivation of employees. D) it may decrease pressure to compete in the political arena. E) it can increase employee retention.

Which one of the following is not one of the primary ways to group jobs? A) skill B) customer C) function D) product E) process

_28_______ refers to an individual's general attitude toward his or her job. A) Job satisfaction B) Job involvement C) Job stability D) Organizational commitment E) Social investment

2) According to the JCM, the owner-operator of a garage show performs electrical repairs, rebuilds engines, does body work, and interacts with customers would score ________. A) high on task identity B) high on skill variety C) low on autonomy D) low on task significance E) low on skills variety

A small, core organization that outsources major business functions is a ________ organization. A) team B) virtual C) boundaryless D) matrix E) simple

Cultures in which employees are friendly, accessible, and prompt in responding to customer needs are considered ________ cultures. A) ethically healthy B) customer responsive C) innovative D) learning organization E) total quality

It's more important today that employees' personalities fit with A) their manager's personality B) the overall organization's culture C) the characteristics of the job D) the recruiter's personality

People with which type of personality trait commonly make poor decisions because they make them too quickly. A) high self-esteem B) Type As C) Type Bs D) self-monitors E) extroverts

The opposite of coercive power is ________ power. A) referent B) reward C) legitimate D) charismatic E) resourcive

The strength of the simple structure lies in its ________. A) efficiency B) simplicity C) centralization D) span of control E) specialization

Which type of conflict-handling intention results in a person seeking to suppress conflict and hoping it will go away? A) competing B) avoiding C) accommodating D) compromising E) collaborating

Work specialization is the same as ________. A) departmentalization B) division of labor C) decentralization D) job grouping E) chain command

________ refers to how an organization transfers its inputs into outputs. A) Production B) Technology C) Operations D) Process E) Effectiveness

Emotions A) may be less action-oriented than moods. B) may cause us to brood for a while. C) may be more clearly revealed with facial expressions. D) are interchangeable with moods. E) are less fleeting than moods.

For much of the first half of the century, managers viewed work specialization as ________ A) a means to encourage employee satisfaction B) a frustrating cause of reduced product output C) an unending source of increased productivity D) difficult to implement without automation technology E) an effective solution to over-centralization

For task conflict to be productive, it should be ________. A) kept high B) kept low C) kept at low-to-moderate levels D) kept at moderate levels E) subject to managerial control

________ is more stressful to employees than ________ because it requires feigning one's true emotions. A) deep acting; surface acting B) experiencing displayed emotions; experiencing felt emotions C) surface acting; deep acting D) surface acting; felt emotions

In which stage of the conflict process does conflict become visible? A) illumination B) intentions C) potential opposition or incompatibility D) behavior E) cognition and personalization

On which of the following days do people tend to be in their best moods? A) Monday B) Tuesday C) Wednesday D) Friday E) Sunday

Power does not require goal compatibility, merely ________. A) reliance B) communication C) confidence D) dependence E) understanding

Providing quality customer service makes demands on employees because it often puts them in a state of A) cognitive dissonance. B) negative affect. C) emotional contagion. D) emotional dissonance. E) positive affect.

The conflict-handling intention of accommodating is ________. A) assertive and uncooperative B) assertive and cooperative C) unassertive and uncooperative D) unassertive and cooperative E) reflective and emotional

What cohort of workers in the United States is most likely to balk at having to work extensive overtime and weekends? A) Veterans B) Boomers C) Nexters D) Xers E) Traditionalists

What do the fundamental consistencies underlying the behavior of all individuals enable researchers to do? A) observe human behavior B) systematize human behavior C) research human behavior D) predict human behavior E) detect human behavior

What is the term used to describe the cohort of workers who entered the workforce in the 1950s and early 1960s? A) boomers B) nexters C) Xers D) veterans E) Millennials

Which is NOT cited as a factor that influences emotions and moods? A) time of day B) stressful events C) social activities D) season of the year E) sleep patterns

Which of Hofstede's cultural dimensions emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them? A) long-term orientation B) masculinity C) individualism D) collectivism E) femininity

3) In the JCM model, what three core job dimensions combine to create meaningful work? A) autonomy, task identity, and feedback B) skill variety, autonomy, and task significance C) skill variety, autonomy, and feedback D) feedback, task identity, and task significance E) skill variety, task identity, and task significance

In an organization that has high centralization, ________. A) the corporate headquarters is located centrally to branch offices B) all top-level officials are located within the same geographic area C) action can be taken more quickly to solve problems D) new employees have a great deal of legitimate authority E) top managers make all the decisions and lower-level managers merely carry out directions

In order to predict human behavior with any degree of accuracy, what sort of variables must be taken into account? A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency

Jasmine is trying to gain control of her department. Although she will be greatly compensated if she achieves this aim, and will gain control over many subordinates, the main reason she is pursuing this position is that she thinks she can do the job better than her predecessors and wants people to know that this is so. What need would McClelland say primarily drives Jasmine in this case? A) the need for control B) the need for success C) the need for attainment D) the need for influence E) the need for power

OB research has focused on all of the following attitudes EXCEPT A) job satisfaction. B) job involvement. C) employee engagement. D) perceived organizational support. E) employee turnover

One way to classify emotions is by whether they are A) simple or complex B) positive or complex C) complex or negative D) simple or negative E) positive or negative

Organizations may become candidates for extinction if they A) do not foster innovation. B) do not master the art of change. C) are not flexible. D) do not improve their quality. E) all of the above

People who are in good moods A) are more creative. B) produce more ideas. C) produce ideas others think are original. D) identify more creative options. E) all of the above

Recently, industrial/organizational psychologists have concerned themselves with the study of all EXCEPT which of the following? A) emotions B) training C) job satisfaction D) performance appraisals E) power

Research suggests which of the following relationships exists between weather and mood? A) a moderately positive B) a moderately negative C) a strong positive D) a strong negative E) weather tends to have little effect on mood.

There are ________ simple and universal principles that explain organizational behavior. A) an infinity of B) absolutely no C) a confusing array of D) fourteen E) few, if any

What term is used for intense feelings that are directed at someone or something? A) affect B) cognition C) moods D) thoughts E) emotions

Which one of the following might not be a functional outcome of the conflict process? A) stimulates creativity B) increases innovation C) fosters environment of self-evaluation D) relieves tensions E) reduces group cohesiveness

Martin Luther King's "I have a dream" speech is an example of how A) followers "catch" the emotions their leader is conveying. B) repetition is effective. C) transactional leadership relies first on transformational leadership. D) charismatic leadership fails to incite followers. E) all of the above

Which of the following is not a behavioral theory of leadership? A) Ohio State studies B) Fiedler model C) University of Michigan studies D) Blake and Mouton's managerial grid E) none of the above

Which of the following is not true of charismatic leaders? A) They have a vision and the ability to articulate the vision. B) They have behavior that is unconventional. C) They are willing to take high personal risk. D) They exhibit behaviors that are consistent with their followers' behaviors. E) All of the above are true.

Which of the following roles focuses on bringing about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans? A) leadership B) management C) task structure D) initiating structure E) production orientation

Which of the following statements best characterizes the function of leadership within an organization? A) Leadership is more important than management. B) Vision is a common thread throughout the research on leadership. C) Management is more important than leadership. D) Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles. E) Leaderships and management are interchangeable terms.

Which of the following statements is true concerning emotional intelligence and leadership? A) The research indicates a strong positive correlation between EI and leadership effectiveness. B) The research indicates a strong negative correlation between EI and leadership effectiveness. C) Researchers are not confident about the connection between EI and leadership. D) The link between EI and leadership effectiveness is the most investigated. E) There is no relationship between EI and leadership effectiveness.

Which of the following statements reflects the findings of global research on leadership? A) Charismatic/transformational leadership generalizes across cultures. B) Participative leadership styles generalize across cultures. C) High LPC leadership styles generalize across cultures. D) High consideration styles generalize across cultures. E) Traditional leadership styles generalize across cultures.

Which of the following statements regarding leadership is true? A) All leaders are managers. B) Formal rights enable managers to lead effectively. C) All managers are leaders. D) All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers. E) Non-sanctioned leadership is often as important as or more important than formal influence.

Which theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being leaders? A) Fiedler's perspective B) characteristic theory C) LPC D) contingency theory E) trait theory

Which two common traits of leaders are part of the Big Five personality trait of extraversion? A) conscientiousness and agreeableness B) ambition and energy C) energy and openness to experience D) ambition and conscientiousness E) energy and emotional stability

You are an employee in a large organization. In this organization, there are two senior managers. The first of these mangers, John, prides himself on his ability to help his subordinates understand their roles in achieving company goals. He defines clear-cut steps for his subordinates to use in completing projects, and rewards them for using proven strategies. The second manager, Alan, feels that his role should be to provide individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation. His approach encourages creative problem solving and the development of new ideas. Most of the workers believe that both leaders are well trained, but Alan's employees remark that Alan seems to have a special leadership quality that sets him apart from the other managers. Based on the information given in the passage, Alan is most likely a(n) ________ leader. A) transactional B) emotion-based C) transformational D) transcendent E) reactional

You have noticed that your boss is often asking you what types of peers you least like to work with. You suspect that he is trying to covertly determine your leadership style according to ________. A) the University of Michigan studies B) the Ohio State studies C) Fiedler D) trait theory E) LMX theory

Evidence today suggests that traits can predict leadership. This is primarily due to the research surrounding A) the Big Five. B) American Presidents. C) behavioral theories. D) emotional intelligence. E) all of the above

Fiedler's contingency model assumes that an individual's leadership style is ________. A) changeable B) contingent C) situational D) fixed E) intangible

Fiedler's theory predicts that an individual who is considered task oriented will be most effective when the situation is ________. A) moderately to highly favorable B) moderately favorable C) moderately to highly unfavorable D) very favorable or very unfavorable E) highly favorable

81) The positive organizational culture focuses more on ________ than ________. A) profits; building individual strengths B) building individual strengths; rewards C) rewarding; punishing D) punishing; building individual strengths E) employee's health; profits

50) Initially setting pay levels requires balancing ________. A) the company's budget B) supply and demand of labor C) internal and external equity D) job worth and demand E) job worth and internal equity

52 The exit-voice-loyalty framework aids in understanding the consequences of A) pay. B) low motivation. C) dissatisfaction. D) lack of loyalty. E) low levels of employee engagement

54) What is the unconscious process created out of distilled experience? A) rational problem-solving B) bounded rationality C) intuitive decision-making D) randomness E) creativity

26) The work arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a week job is ________. A) flextime B) core hours C) telecommuting D) job sharing E) employee involvement

27) The work arrangement that doesn't seem to be widely adopted by employees is ________. A) flextime B) core hours C) telecommuting D) job sharing E) employee involvement

29) What is the term used for drawing a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance? A) the contrast effect B) personal bias C) prejudice D) the halo effect E) projection

3) ________ is the characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. A) Humanistic B) Community C) Team D) People orientation E) Relationship

Three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler model are ________. A) job requirements, position power, and leadership ability B) charisma, influence, and leader-member relations C) leader-member relations, task structure, and position power D) task structure, leadership ability, and group conflict E) emotional intelligence, group orientation, and employee status

You are an employee in a large organization. In this organization, there are two senior managers. The first of these managers, John, prides himself on his ability to help his subordinates understand their roles in achieving company goals. He defines clear-cut steps for his subordinates to use in completing projects, and rewards them for using proven strategies. The second manager, Alan, feels that his role should be to provide individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation. His approach encourages creative problem solving and the development of new ideas. Most of the workers believe that both leaders are well trained, but Alan's employees remark that Alan seems to have a special leadership quality that sets him apart from the other managers. The passage implies which of the following about the effectiveness of the two managers' leadership styles? A) Alan and John are not effective leaders, because neither helps define the vision of the organization. B) Alan is a more effective leader than John, because he encourages creativity in his employees. C) Alan and John are equally effective as leaders, because both employ transformational leadership styles. D) John is a more effective leader than Alan, because he encourages his employees to use proven methods. E) John is more effective than Alan at inspiring employees, while Alan is more effective than John at achieving goals.

You are an employee in a large organization. In this organization, there are two senior managers. The first of these mangers, John, prides himself on his ability to help his subordinates understand their roles in achieving company goals. He defines clear-cut steps for his subordinates to use in completing projects, and rewards them for using proven strategies. The second manager, Alan, feels that his role should be to provide individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation. His approach encourages creative problem solving and the development of new ideas. Most of the workers believe that both leaders are well trained, but Alan's employees remark that Alan seems to have a special leadership quality that sets him apart from the other managers. That special leadership quality that people notice when they work with Alan may be termed ________. A) transformation B) trust C) charisma D) framing E) transaction

You are the CEO of an engineering design firm that has several departments, each specializing in the design of different products. You have noticed a great deal of difference between the styles of the various department directors. You also see a big difference in the morale, employee satisfaction levels, and effectiveness (productivity) levels of the departments. One of your goals as CEO is to maximize productivity across all departments. As you look at the difference between the department directors, you notice that some are more charismatic and enthusiastic than others. In identifying this difference, you are looking at the directors' ________. A) behaviors B) traits C) values D) attitudes E) all of the above

Your company's HR director is a believer in trait theories of leadership. He believes that he can differentiate leaders from non-leaders by focusing on personal qualities and characteristics. He asks for your expertise in helping him to apply trait theory to leadership selection within your company. You explain that research efforts at isolating leadership traits have A) identified six leadership traits that definitely predict leadership. B) been supportive of the Big Five leadership traits predicting leadership. C) shown that conscientiousness does not help much in predicting leadership. D) identified emotional stability as the most strongly related trait to leader emergence. E) been more focused on developing contingency theories and replacing trait theories.

________ make it impossible for leader behavior to make any difference to follower outcomes. A) Substitutes B) Neutralizers C) Higher-level leaders D) Deterrents E) Authentic leaders

11. Your supervisor has restructured the jobs within your division and some of your colleagues are not pleased. Don is concerned that he will not be able to perform the new tasks. Since he is paid by the amount he produces, his pay might be reduced. Tony is afraid that his job may be in jeopardy and he may be laid off. Doug dislikes uncertainty and has developed a negative attitude. The source of Don's resistance is ________. A) habit B) economic C) security D) structural inertia E) inertia

13. Joan, your director of accounting, has created a team of seven employees from the accounts payable department who meet for three hours a week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment. This is an example of a ________ team. A) problem-solving B) self-managed C) cross-functional D) virtual E) task-resolution

13. Since the restructuring, your division has had trouble filling the open positions with appropriate candidates. The selection processes used by human resources have not yet adjusted to the new criteria required for the restructured job positions. This problem is an example of which kind of resistance to change? A) structural inertia B) limited focus of change C) group inertia D) threat to expertise E) threat to established power relationships

14. What step determines whether understanding has been achieved during the communication process? A) decoding B) feedback C) channel D) encoding E) transmission

14. Which type of team meets to discuss ways to improve quality, efficiency, and the work environment? A) self-managed B) virtual C) problem-solving D) cross-functional E) committee

15. When management changes the technological process of the accounting department, but fails to modify the structure to match, the resistance to change is from ________. A) unfreezing B) the limited focus of change C) habit D) security E) double-loop learning

15. Which of the following types of teams would most likely be assembled to improve the efficiency of a company's production process? A) cross-functional B) problem-solving C) self-managed D) virtual E) co-evolving

16. Self-managed teams are typically comprised of how many members? A) 2-5 B) 5-10 C) 8-12 D) 10-15 E) over 20

16. The final link in the communication process is ________. A) noise B) encoding C) decoding D) feedback E) messaging

16. ________ acts as a counterbalance to sustain stability when an organization is confronted with change. A) Structural inertia B) Security C) Limited focus of change D) The threat to established power relationships E) Group inertia

17. If an organization used an outside consultant as opposed to an insider as a change agent, the result would probably be more ________. A) conservative and risk averse B) reflective of the organization's history and culture C) objective D) reflective of the fact that change agents must live with the consequences of their actions E) prone to bias

17. Jack, your director of manufacturing, has decided to create a team of eleven employees from quality control. Jack gives the team members the responsibility of scheduling their own work and evaluating each other's performance. This is an example of a ________ team. A) problem-solving B) self-managed C) cross-functional D) virtual E) task-resolution

17. The communication used by managers to provide job instructions to employees is ________ communication. A) downward B) lateral C) formal D) directional E) diagonal

18. Which factor in choosing an outside consultant as change agent is likely to result in more drastic changes? A) the cost B) internal members' resistance to outsiders C) they don't have to live with the repercussions after the change D) an objective perspective E) they don't know the organization

18. Which of the following best demonstrates a benefit of self-managed teams? A) an increase in the number of teams required to manufacture a product . B) a reduction in the number of employees qualified to participate on the teams. C) an increase of complaints from team members regarding the lack of team leadership. D) an increase in the levels of job satisfaction reported by team members. E) an increase in the technology budget for connecting team members.

18. Which of the following is an example of downward communication flow? A) suggestion boxes B) envelope attitude surveys C) feedback on job performance D) identifying with and discussing problems with the boss E) letters to your senator

19. All of the following are examples of downward communication flows EXCEPT A) managers assigning goals for subordinates B) managers informing employees of procedures C) managers pointing out problems that need attention by employees D) employees completing attitude surveys E) managers telling employees to work more quickly

19. Change agents can be ________. A) managers B) non-managers C) current employees D) outside consultants E) all of the above

20. If an organization used an insider as a change agent, as opposed to an outside consultant, the change would ________. A) probably be more cautious B) probably be more drastic C) probably be more objective D) most likely be second order E) most likely be tertiary

20. Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance procedures are examples of ________. A) organizational structure B) horizontal communication C) managerial communication D) upward communication E) diagonal communication

20. Which of the following types of teams would most likely empower its team members to make work-related decisions? A) technical B) self-managed C) problem-solving D) management E) reactive

21. ________ teams are made up of employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas. A) Problem-solving B) Self-managed C) Cross-functional D) Multifaceted E) Star matrix

22. All of the following are recommendations for engaging in more effective upward communication EXCEPT A) try to reduce distractions B) avoid meandering discussions if you want t get your boss's attention C) prepare an agenda D) try to meet in your boss's office E) support your position with actionable items

22. Why might managers find cross-functional teams difficult to manage? A) Their early stages of development are very time consuming as members learn to work with diversity. B) There are less direct interactions with members. C) There is less social-emotional interaction with less face-to-face imteraction. D) Their team composition is too homogeneous. E) All of the above.

23. Communication that takes place among members of work groups at the same level is known as ________ communication. A) tangential B) cross-functional C) job D) lateral E) downward

23. When change agents ensure that employees perceive the changes as being made consistently, they are using which tactic to reduce resistance to change? A) participation B) building emotional commitment C) implementing changes fairly D) coercion E) education and communication

23. Your company has recently landed a contract to design and manufacture a new state-of-the-art electronic device for the military. This will be a very complex project, requiring many different types of skills. Which of the following types of teams is most suited for the project? A) problem-solving B) self-managed C) cross-functional D) virtual E) task-resolution

24. Janice is your director of sales. Since her employees are located in Europe, Asia, and North America, she has decided to use instant messaging to tie her employees together in order to develop a marketing strategy for a new product line. This is an example of a ________ team. A) problem-solving B) self-managed C) cross-functional D) virtual E) task-resolution

24. When can lateral communications create dysfunctional conflict? A) when the formal vertical channels are breached B) when members go above their superiors to get things done C) when bosses find out that actions have been taken without their knowledge D) when members go around their superiors to get things done E) all of the above

25. A committee composed of members from across departmental lines represents A) an example of a cross-functional team. B) an example of a work group. C) a type of management structure for virtual teams. D) an example of a task force. E) a specialized type of problem-solving team.

25. Oral communication messages that are passed through a great many people will most likely suffer from which of the following? A) disruption B) distortion C) lack of non-verbal cues D) decoding E) formal communication decay

25. Your company, Johnson Farm Products, has decided to expand its traditional business serving farm owners in order to include home gardeners in its customer base. This change is not met with enthusiasm by the sales personnel who have had good long-term relationships with area farmers. You know that the change will be difficult if you cannot overcome the resistance of the sales personnel and obtain their cooperation. You have decided to involve the sales personnel in planning for the change and in stocking appropriate new items to sell to gardeners. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen is ________. A) education and communication B) participation C) negotiation D) manipulation and cooptation E) coercion

26. Memos, letters, e-mail, fax transmissions, and organizational periodicals represent examples of ________. A) informal communication channels B) formal communication channels C) written communication D) technological communication E) electronic communication

26. Which of the following is NOT an approach to building emotional commitment to overcome resistance to change? A) employee counseling B) new skills training C) energizing employees D) buying off resistors E) providing a short paid leave of absence

26. ________ teams are an effective way to allow people from diverse areas within an organization to exchange information, develop new ideas and solve problems, and coordinate complex projects. A) Self-managed B) Problem-solving C) Cross-functional D) Multifaceted E) Star matrix

27. A sender may most likely choose to use written communication because ________. A) written communications are tangible and verifiable B) written messages can be retracted easily C) the messages can only be stored for short periods of time D) written messages usually take minimal time to prepare E) written messages often require additional feedback

27. The early stages of development of a cross-functional team are time-consuming because ________. A) most cross-functional team members are comprised of individuals from similar backgrounds B) members must research the causes of problems which they are assigned to solve C) most cross-functional team members have already established trust D) members have to learn how to perform new functional tasks E) members must learn to work with diversity and complexity

27. Which tactic to deal with resistance to change can backfire if the targets become aware that they were used? A) participation B)education and communication C) coercion D) cooptation E) building emotional support

28. Which of the following is not a drawback of written messages? A) They're time consuming. B) They are unlikely to be well thought-out. C) They lack built-in feedback mechanisms. D) It is difficult for senders to confirm whether they have been received. E) They may be misinterpreted by their receivers.

28. You are the plant manager of a manufacturing facility. Your plant has been experiencing a number of problems and you have been directed to solve these issues. One of the problems concerns the low quality of the manufactured product. Many products have failed to pass quality inspection, and your superiors feel that the failure rate is unacceptably high. Another problem concerns the college recruitment process. The current recruitment process has repeatedly brought unqualified candidates to the plant Your manufacturing process is fairly complex, requiring skills drawn from multiple knowledge areas. Given this complexity, which approach would likely be most effective for determining the cause of the quality problems? A) hiring a consultant, because the causes could be better analyzed by one person B) forming a cross-functional team, because of the multiple knowledge areas involved C) forming a homogenous team, to assure an aggressive resolution to the problem D) forming a culturally diverse team, because of the need for team creativity E) forming self-managed team, because of the need for team autonomy

29. Messages conveyed through body movements and facial expressions are ________. A) nonverbal communication B) kinesics C) physical characteristics D) connotations E) semantics

29. Which of the following types of teams allows for collaboration between team members who are physically dispersed? A) local B) interactive C) real-time D) virtual E) global

29. You have threatened to eliminate positions and even to close down the company if your employees don't change their attitudes. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen may be ________. A) education and communication B) participation C) negotiation D) coercion E) building support and commitment

3. Which of the following helps explain the current popularity of teams? Teams ________. A) are easier to manage B) are a way to better utilize employee talents C) are less expensive D) promote socialization E) are very efficient

3. Which of the following reflects the force for change of economic shock? A) the dot-com bust B) aging population C) growth of e-commerce D) war on terrorism E) competitors

3. The receiver of a communication is most likely to ________ a message initiated by the sender. A) explain B) reproduce C) reflect D) decode E) discard

30. Facial expressions, physical distance, and looking at your watch are all examples of ________. A) kinesics B) nonverbal communication C) informal networks D) verbal communication E) adaptors

30. Research suggested that organizations could facilitate the change process by selecting people with high ________. A) uncertainty avoidance B) risk tolerance C) external locus of control D) authoritarianism E) dogmatism

31. All of the following are examples of nonverbal communication EXCEPT A) intonations or emphasis B) instant messaging C) physical distance D) facial expressions E) hand gestures

31. Which of the following is not true about virtual teams? A) There is an absence of paraverbal cues. B) Members report greater satisfaction with the group process. C) There is limited social context. D) They are more task-oriented. E) Members are more focused on production.

32. To ensure a grater likelihood of a virtual team being effective, which of the following recommendations would you make to management? A) Ensure that trust is established among the team members. B) Ensure that the progress of the team is closely monitored. C) Publicize the efforts of the team. D) Publicize the products of the team. E) All of the above.

32. Which of the following statements is not a characteristic of nonverbal communication? A) It includes intonation. B) Its significance is unproven in explaining and predicting behavior. C) It can be argued that every body movement has meaning. D) We rarely send these types of messages consciously. E) It can convey meaningful information.

32. Which tactic to overcome resistance to change is last on the list and is likely to harden resistance to change or lead to hidden revolts? A) participation B) building support and commitment C) selecting people who accept change D) coercion E) education and communication

33. The three-step description of the change process as unfreezing, movement, and refreezing was proposed by ________. A) Tom Peters B) Kurt Lewin C) Edward Deming D) Peter Senge E) Kotter

33. Which of the following is not one of the work design elements of the team effectiveness model? A) autonomy. B) team efficacy. C) skill variety. D) task identity. E) task significance.

33. Why is it easier to understand the real communication that occurred in a meeting by viewing a video rather than reading the meeting minutes? A) Facial expressions convey meaning and can be seen in the video. B) Intonations convey meaning and can be heard in the video. C) The meeting minutes do not contain any record of nonverbal communication. D) The emphasis placed on words or phrases is missing from the meeting minutes. E) All of the above.

34. According to Lewin, the stage of the change process where the new change is made permanent is ________. A) changing B) unfreezing C) movement D) refreezing E) equilibrium

34. What are the two most important messages that body language conveys? A) the extent to which one is interested in another and the relative perceived status between the send and receiver B) the extent to which one has power and is relaxed C) how quickly and loudly one can speak D) the extent to which facial expressions and intonation are important E) the importance of physical distance and intonation in communication

34. Which of the following is not one of the key components of effective teams? A) effective work design B) recognized company identity C) supportive contextual influences D) well-managed team processes E) appropriate team composition

35. Mintz's Motor Repair is moving its location to a larger community 100 miles away. Mintz would like for its mechanics to move with the company but realizes that there will be some hardships associated with the move. Mintz has decided to use Lewin's three-step model in order to make the change. As a manager in charge of the relocation effort, you are offering a $2,000 moving bonus for any employee who will go to the new location. In Lewin's terms, you are attempting to ________. A) unfreeze the status quo B) move the process along C) refreeze the change D) bribe your employees E) maintain the status quo

35. There are four contextual factors that appear to be most significantly related to team performance. Which of the following is not one of those factors? A) adequate resources. B) work autonomy. C) leadership and structure. D) a performance evaluation and reward system that reflects team contributions. E) climate of trust.

36. A(n) ________ communication network occurs when a checkout clerk reports to a department manager, who in turn reports to a store manager, who reports to a regional manager. A) direct B) all-channel C) vertical D) chain E) horizontal

36. Mintz's Motor Repair is moving its location to a larger community 100 miles away. Mintz would like for its mechanics to move with the company but realizes that there will be some hardships associated with the move. Mintz has decided to use Lewin's three-step model in order to make the change. You have implemented a permanent upward adjustment of salaries for employees who relocate. You are attempting to ________. A) unfreeze the status quo B) move the process along C) refreeze the change D) change a driving force E) maintain the status quo

36. Which of the following statements best characterizes the use of work teams? A) Teams are unnecessary if an individual can do the job better. B) Teams are necessary for encouraging individuals to work independently. C) Within a company, teams perform best if they are structured similarly. D) Employees are usually responsible for suggesting that teams be created. E) In successful companies, teamwork is always preferable to individual work.

37. Mintz's Motor Repair is moving its location to a larger community 100 miles away. Mintz would like for its mechanics to move with the company but realizes that there will be some hardships associated with the move. Mintz has decided to use Lewin's three-step model in order to make the change. You counsel each employee individually, trying to lessen each person's fears about the move. This is an example of ________. A) removing driving forces B) increasing driving forces C) removing restraining forces D) brainwashing E) increasing restraining forces

38. James recognizes the key components of effective teams. To provide his teams with adequate resources in terms of appropriate organizational support, he should consider whether he has a supply of all of the following EXCEPT? A) proper equipment. B) adequate staffing. C) encouragement. D) a facilitator. E) timely information

39. To be more likely to take risks, teams must A) have strong leadership at all times. B) have autonomy. C) receive support from management. D) trust others on the team. E) receive fair rewards.

39. ________ is one way to achieve unfreezing of an organization's status quo. A) Increasing the driving forces directing behavior away from the status quo B) Increasing the restraining forces which hinder movement from inequality C) Increasing employee investment in the status quo D) Decreasing management's investment in change E) Increasing the rigidity of the organizational hierarchy

4. In the communication process, which of the following steps occurs first? A) transmitting B) decoding C) encoding D) understanding E) analysis

40. The most effective communication network for facilitating the emergence of a leader is ________. A) chain B) all-channel C) wheel D) direct E) box

40. To move from equilibrium, Lewin suggests ________ forces. A) decreasing restraining B) increasing compelling C) decreasing driving and restraining forces D) increasing restraining E) increasing restraining and driving

40. Which key component of effective teams becomes especially important in multi-team systems? A) adequate resources. B) leadership. C) climate of trust. D) performance evaluation. E) reward system.

41. Harriet has been assigned the task of setting up work teams for a complex software development project. Each team has different work requirements. Harriet must choose the best structure for each team, based on its specific requirements. Team A must operate very quickly to meet stringent deadlines. The quality of the final project depends highly on Team A's output, so Team A must also work very accurately. Which of the following network structures should Harriet choose for this team? A) chain B) wheel C) grapevine D) informal E) all-channel

41. Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change includes all of the following steps EXCEPT A) Discourage risk taking. B) Establish a sense of urgency for why change is needed. C) Form a coalition with enough power to lead the change. D) Communicate the vision throughout the organization. E) Reward short-term wins that move the organization toward the new vision.

42. Harriet has been assigned the task of setting up work teams for a complex software development project. Each team has different work requirements. Harriet must choose the best structure for each team, based on its specific requirements. Team B must promote high member satisfaction to improve employee engagement. Which of the following network structures should Harriet choose for this team? A) chain B) wheel C) grapevine D) informal E) all-channel

42. Interpersonal trust among team members A) reduces commitment to the leader's goals. B) reduces cooperation. C) reduces the need to monitor each others' behavior. D) reduces the likelihood of members exposing vulnerabilities. E) is of little importance to the team's functioning

42. Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing changes builds on A) Lewin's three-step model. B) research on resistance to change. C) driving forces. D) appreciative inquiry. E) Senge's learning organization.

43. Team composition should consider which of the following? A) the ability of team members. B) the personality of team members. C) members' preference for team work. D) the size of the team. E) all of the above.

43. The ________ network best serves to promote high member satisfaction. A) direct B) circle C) wheel D) all-channel E) box

43. ________ encompasses a collection of planned-change interventions built on humanistic-democratic values that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. A) Organizational development B) Reflected change C) Process consultation D) Action research E) Economic validity

44. Effective teams require which of the following skills? A) problem-solving skills B) technical expertise C) interpersonal skills D) decision-making skills E) all of the above

44. The change agent may be directive in OD; however, there is a strong emphasis on ________. A) overcoming resistance B) collaboration C) coercion D) threats E) getting the change done at any cost

44. Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote accuracy? A) chain B) direct C) wheel D) all-channel E) circle

45. An informal communication network is typically called a ________. A) gossip monger B) grapevine C) chain D) contextual system E) free-acting system

45. Team members with good listening, feedback, and conflict resolution skills possess which type of skills? A) technical expertise B) problem-solving skills C) decision-making skills D) interpersonal skills E) cognitive appraisal skills

45. Which of the following is not considered an underlying value in organizational development? A) participation B) confrontation C) implementation D) respect for people E) trust

46. It was found that about ________ percent of individuals hear about matters first through rumors on the grapevine. A) 10 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75 E) 95

46. Which of the following is NOT true concerning high-ability teams? A) When the task involves solving a complex problem, high-ability teams are composed of mostly intelligent members. B) High-ability teams are more adaptable to changing situations. C) High-ability teams do better on a complex problem when the work load is distributed evenly. D) High-ability teams always have an advantage over lower-ability teams. E) When tasks are simple, high-ability teams become bored and turn their attention to other activities

46. Which of the following is not true of organizational development? A) Hierarchical authority is emphasized. B) There is an emphasis on collaboration. C) Effective organizations are characterized by trust. D) People should be treated with dignity and respect. E) Problems should be opening confronted.

47. T-groups are also known as ________. A) action research teams B) appreciative inquiry training groups C) team-building groups D) sensitivity training groups E) focus groups

47. Teams tend to receive higher managerial ratings for team performance when they rate higher in mean levels on all EXCEPT which of the following? A) introversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) openness to experience

47. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the grapevine? A) It is used to serve the self-interests of outsiders. B) It is perceived by employees as being more reliable than formal communication issued by top management. C) It is generally used as an anti-management tool. D) It is usually inaccurate. E) It serves as a formal communication channel.

48. Studies have shown that ________ percent of the information transmitted through the grapevine is accurate. A) 55 B) 65 C) 75 D) 85 E) 100

48. Which of the following is true about the team's leader? A) The ability of the team's leader doesn't really matter if the team's individual abilities match the situation. B) Smart team leaders seldom can help less intelligent team members when they struggle with a task. C) A less intelligent leader can neutralize the effect of a high-ability team. D) High ability teams do not need leaders. E) All of the above.

48. ________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction. A) Action research B) Planned change C) Process consultation D) Sensitivity training E) Psychoanalysis

49. If diverse teams want to realize their creative potential, which of the following must they do? A) reduce conflict. B) decrease member diversity. C) focus on their differences. D) focus on their similarities. E) reduce interpersonal communication.

49. The grapevine is valuable for all of the following EXCEPT A) tapping into employee anxieties. B) giving managers a feel for the morale of their organization. C) identifying issues that employees consider important. D) serving employees' needs to create a sense of closeness and friendship. E) replacing the need for formal communication

5. During communication, the ________ initiates a message by encoding a thought. A) receiver B) channel C) sender D) speaker E) leader

50. Rumors would most likely flourish in situations where there is ________. A) well-communicated change B) ambiguity C) a trivial issue at hand D) assurance by management E) a chain communication style

50. Sensitivity training A) uses data from a questionnaire to identify problems. B) tabulates the data findings to feed back to employees. C) uses a consultant to advise the organization on the process of change. D) seeks to identify the strengths of the organization. E) uses an open environment to allow participants to express their attitudes about change.

50. The evidence on team diversity suggests that A) diverse teams benefit significantly from their diversity. B) surface level differences such as age have the most positive effect on team performance. C) the initial disruptive effects of diversity decline quickly so the team performs extremely well as a result.. D) the key for diverse teams is to communicate what they know to lead to higher level of effectiveness. E) diverse teams are always preferable in the short term.

51. The most effective teams tend to have ________ members. A) 3 to 5 B) 5 to 9 C) 10 to 12 D) less than 15 E) more than 15

51. With regard to the grapevine, a manager should try to ________. A) ignore it B) destroy it C) minimize the negative consequences of rumors by limiting its range and impact D) discipline those those involved in the grapevine rumors E) control the information flow

52. There is a rumor in your organization that layoffs are inevitable. Which of the following is the least likely way to reduce the negative consequences of this rumor? A) Explain decisions that may appear inconsistent or secretive. B) Emphasize the downside, as well as the upside, of current decisions and future plans. C) Discount the rumor. D) Openly discuss worst case possibilities. E) Discuss deadlines for decisions.

52. When teams have excess members, all of the following are likely to occur EXCEPT A) cohesiveness declines. B) social loafing increase. C) more people do less talking relative to others. D) mutual accountability increases. E) coordination problems increase.

52. Which of the following is NOT an intervention that change agents might consider? A) sensitivity training B) survey feedback C) process consultation D) appreciative inquiry E) process reengineering

53. By matching individual preferences with team role demands, managers increase the likelihood that the team members A) will experience lower turnover. B) will work well together. C) will all be highly satisfied. D) will experience lower absenteeism rates. E) trust one another.

53. Electronic communication includes all of the following EXCEPT A) text messaging. B) teleconferencing. C) videoconferencing. D) e-mail. E) blogs.

53. The purpose of ________ is for an outside consultant to assist a client, usually a manager, to perceive, understand, and act upon process events with which the manager must deal. A) a change agent B) survey feedback C) process consultation D) action research E) social reinforcement

54. Given the option, A) few employees will select themselves out of team participation. B) most employees tolerate team participation. C) many employees will select themselves out of team participation. D) many employees will select themselves into team participation. E) most employees do not have a preference either way about team participation.

54. Which of the following statements is true of process consultation? A) PC is less task-directed than sensitivity training. B) Process consultants are there to assist the organization by providing the insight into what is going on. C) The process consultant solves the organization's problems. D) Process consultation generally uses managers within the organization. E) PC resolves resistance to change.

55. All of the following are considered drawbacks of email EXCEPT A) misinterpreting the message. B) communicating negative messages. C) overuse of email. D) privacy concerns. E) poor grammar.

55. Rather than looking for problems, ________ seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization, which can then be built upon to improve performance. A) appreciative inquiry B) action research C) team building D) process consultation E) social reinforcement

55. When selecting team members, which of the following should be considered? A) abilities B) individual preferences C) personalities D) skills E) all of the above

56. Process variables include all of the following except ________. A) climate of trust B) member commitment to a common purpose C) team efficacy D) minimized social loafing E) specific goals

56. When Radio Shack laid off 400 employees, they were criticized for the medium they chose to communicate the layoffs. Which medium did they use to communicate? A) videoconference B) corporate website announcement C) email D) intranet E) blogs

56. Which of the following is not a step in the appreciative inquiry process? A) discovery B) dreaming C) devising D) destiny E) design

57. In which step of the AI process are people asked to envision the organization in five years and to describe what is different? A) discovery B) dreaming C) design D) destiny E) inquiry

57. Mary wanted to provide recommendations to her co-workers on using email. Which of the following statement would you recommend she share with her peers to inform them of privacy issues? A) Emails are generally private and seldom monitored. B) It should be assumed that the email recipient will keep the email confidential. C) You should not write anything in an email that you would not want made public. D) Forwarding email from your company account to your personal account can be protected from monitoring if it is marked "private". E) All of the above.

57. When a team's process gains exceed their process losses, they produce A) trust among members. B) positive synergy. C) social loafing. D) team efficacy. E) maximum commitment.

58. Real-time e-mail is known as ________. A) intranet B) instant messaging C) extranet D) facebook E) videoconferencing

58. Which of the following is NOT true concerning goals? A) Difficult goals have been found to raise team performance on those criteria for which they are set. B) Goals for quantity tend to raise quantity. C) Goals help teams maintain their focus, but seldom energize teams. D) Specific goals facilitate clear communication. E) Goals for accuracy tend to raise accuracy.

58. ________ is defined as a new idea applied to initiating or improving a product, process, or service. A) Creativity B) Innovation C) Process reengineering D) Continuous improvement E) Organizational change

59. Effective teams usually have a common and meaningful purpose. This purpose is ________. A) ordinary B) plain C) routine D) vision E) mundane

59. Nabisco's extension of the Oreo product line to include double-stuffed Oreos is an example of A) product reengineering. B) radical breakthrough innovation. C) small incremental improvement. D) process innovation. E) creativity.

59. Which electronic communication is usually transmitted via a Blackberry versus a computer? A) TM B) IM C) email D) teleconference E) blog

6. Organizations and their members resist change since they perceive A) change as threatening. B) they are ok as they are. C) there is no need for change. D) change is not always good. E) all of the above

60. All of the following organizational factors positively influence innovation EXCEPT A) lower vertical differentiation. B) higher centralization. C) lower formalization. D) longer managerial tenure. E) more slack resources.

60. Effective teams have confidence in themselves and believe they can succeed. This confidence is termed ________. A) social facilitation B) goal congruence C) social loafing D) team efficacy E) self-serving bias

61. Email communication is recommended over IM and TM when A) conveying long messages that need to be saved. B) only one-line messages are being sent. C) a fast means is needed to stay in touch anywhere, anytime. D) a "real" time communication is needed. E) records are not needed.

61. Innovative organizational cultures are likely to do all of the following EXCEPT A) encourage experimentation. B) reward successes. C) reward failures. D) punish failures. E) celebrate mistakes.

61. When Jane's team reflects on their plan and makes adjustments when conditions call for it, they are showing A) strategic planning B) flexibility C) purposeful planning D) relexivity E) mission consciousness

62. The concept "success breeds success" captures the essence of A) social facilitation. B) goal congruence. C) social loafing. D) team efficacy. E) self-serving bias.

62. Which of the following is NOT true about instant messaging? A) IM is a fast and inexpensive way for managers to stay in touch with employees and for employees to stay in touch with each other. B) IM is going to replace e-mail. C) IM is preferred for sending one- or two-line messages. D) Some IM users find the technology intrusive. E) IM's continual online presence can make it hard for employees to stay focused

63. "Good isn't good enough" is the theme o A) process reengineering. B) appreciative inquiry. C) continuous improvement. D) distinctive competencies. E) organizational development.

63. MySpace and Facebook are examples of A) TM. B) IM. C) social networking platforms. D) email applications. E) blogs.

63. Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy? A) providing measurable goals B) helping the team achieve small successes C) limiting time spent in training D) ensuring that team goals are challenging E) reducing the number of members on a team

64. Effective teams have accurate and common mental models about how the work gets done. These models might be considered A) common goals. B) a psychological map. C) team efficacy. D) goal congruence. E) mental mapping.

65. One of the main consequences of process reengineering has been that A) jobs have remained the same for most employees. B) skill sets remain stable. C) it is over quickly. D) many middle managers and support staff have lost their jobs. E) it results in very little stress.

65. Weblogs are commonly known as A) networking software. B) social networking sites. C) blogs D) IM E) TM

66. Which of the following is NOT true of stress? A) Challenge stress is associated with challenges in the work environment. B) Hindrance stress keeps you from reaching your goals. C) Challenge stress has many more negative Implications than hindrance stress. D) Office politics is an example of hindrance stress. E) Some stress can be good. Answer: C

66. You are the manager of a software design firm that develops software projects using teams of specialists. One of your most successful teams has been together for nearly 5 years. In the past, this team has performed effectively, and you have been very satisfied with the team's output. Recently, however, you have noticed a marked decrease in the team's performance. You investigate to determine the problem. After interviewing all 7 team members, you determine that one of the team members performs routine administrative tasks that are rarely visible to any of the other team members. You suspect that this team member may be loafing off and lagging in his duties. You could most likely improve that team member's output by A) encouraging him to work more independently. B) making his work clearly visible to the other team members. C) hiring other team members who perform similar tasks. D) providing him with administrative training. E) giving him additional assignments to complete.

66. The advice for employees with personal blogs is to A) use your first amendment right. B) maintain a strict work-personal "firewall". C) post personal blog entries at work. D) share information only with those inside your company. E) forgive any blogs casting a negative light on the company.

67. When employees can conduct interactive meetings with live audio and video images, without being physically in the same location, which means of electronic communication are they using? A) intranet B) instant messaging C) extranet D) facebook E) videoconferencing

67. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) Relationship conflicts are almost always dysfunctional. B) On teams performing nonroutine activities, task conflicts are not detrimental. C) On teams performing nonroutine activities, disagreements about task content are detrimental. D) Task conflicts can lead to better team decisions. E) Animosity toward others is almost always dysfunctional.

68. The pressure of heavy workloads and deadlines can be seen as A) positive challenges. B) challenge stress. C) enhancements to job satisfaction. D) an opportunity to perform at maximum levels. E) all of the above

68. You are the manager of a software design firm that develops software projects using teams of specialists. One of your most successful teams has been together for nearly 5 years. In the past, this team has performed effectively, and you have been very satisfied with the team's output. Recently, however, you have noticed a marked decrease in the team's performance. You investigate to determine the problem. During an interview with one team member, you learn that several members of the team have had conflicts regarding the content of a task to which the team was recently assigned. Are these conflicts likely to be reducing the group's productivity? A) Yes, because interpersonal conflicts always hurt a team's performance. B) No, because conflicts based on personal animosity rarely affect team operations. C) Yes, because task-related conflicts lead to poor team decisions. D) No, because task-related conflicts usually benefit the performance of a team. E) Yes, because disagreements about tasks usually lessen groupthink.

69. Effective KM begins by A) developing an effective email policy. B) determining what software system to use. C) identifying what knowledge matters to the organization. D) creating a data base. E) determining who needs what information in the organization.

69. Which of the following is NOT an organizational factor that can lower stress levels? A) conducting employee selection to ensure a good abilities-job fit B) using an objective job preview to reduce ambiguity C) improving organizational communication to reduce ambiguity D) designing goal-setting programs to provide clear performance objectives E) redesigning jobs to eliminate all challenges

69. You are the manager of a software design firm that develops software projects using teams of specialists. One of your most successful teams has been together for nearly 5 years. In the past, this team has performed effectively, and you have been very satisfied with the team's output. Recently, however, you have noticed a marked decrease in the team's performance. You investigate to determine the problem. During an interview with one tam member, you learn that several members of the team have animosity toward one another. Are these conflicts likely to be reducing the group's productivity? A) Yes, because relationship conflicts always hurt a team's performance. B) No, because conflicts based on personal animosity rarely affect team operations. C) Yes, because task-related conflicts lead to poor team decisions. D) No, because task-related conflicts usually benefit the performance of a team. E) Yes, because disagreements about tasks usually lessen groupthink.

7. Which of the following is an individual source of resistance to change? A) perception B) habit C) personality D) threat to established power relationships E) uncertainty

7. Which of the following qualities is not found in work teams? A) individual accountability. B) complementary skills. C) mutual accountability. D) neutral synergy. E) collective performance.

7. The product of a sender's encoding is the ________. A) channel B) message C) transmission D) medium E) feedback

70. An organization that has developed the continuous capacity to adapt and change is termed a(n) ________. A) maladapted mechanism B) continuous improvement process C) innovative organization D) double-loop learning organization E) learning organization

70. Effective KM has the potential to provide all of the following benefits to organizations EXCEPT A) provide organizations with a competitive edge. B) provide organizations with improved organizational performance. C) make employees smarter. D) control leaks of vital company information. E) allow employees to participate in video conferences without leaving their desks.

70. Which type of conflict is almost always dysfunctional? A) task conflict B) efficacy conflict C) relationship conflict D) resource conflict E) social conflict

71. Coasting on the group effort is termed ________. A) inconsistency B) incompetence C) social loafing D) dysfunction E) half-focus bias

71. Which of the following approaches might a manager consider recommending in order to address the stress arising from an employee's personal life? A) employee counseling B) time management programs C) physical activity programs D) relaxation programs E) all of the above

71. Which of the following is NOT a reason why KM is increasingly important? A) Intellectual assets are now as important as physical assets. B) As more baby boomers leave the workforce, their knowledge will be lost if there are no attempts to capture it. C) A KM system can reduce redundancy. D) A KM system can make an organization more efficient by cutting time re-training a path already traveled. E) Information can be easily manipulated

72. When a person purposely manipulates information so that it will be seen more favorably by the receiver, he is ________. A) using selective perception B) filtering information C) using politically correct communication D) suffering from communication apprehension E) using ineffective communication means

72. Your company is considering implementing work teams in your facility in Japan. You should find this relatively easy because those employees will have strong ________ values. A) acculturation B) collectivist C) creative D) cultural E) capitalistic

72. ________ involves correcting errors using past routines and present policies. A) Process reengineering B) Single-loop learning C) Double-loop learning D)Continuous improvement process E) Organizational reaction

73. Errors that are corrected by modifying the organization's objectives, policies, and standard routines are part of ________. A) single-loop learning B) double-loop learning C) process reengineering D) continuous improvement E) tertiary continuance

73. You work for an international company that has offices around the world. You have been asked to pull together a global virtual team to handle a specific project. The project is expected to take 3-5 years to complete. You are free to include individuals from any of the company's offices, which are located in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Britain, Australia, and Japan. Provided that all of the team members are equally qualified, which of the following teams is likely to be the LEAST challenging to manage? A) A team comprised of members drawn equally from all of the company's offices, because culturally diverse teams tend to operate with minimal conflict. B) A team comprised primarily of members from the United States, because employees from countries with individualistic values tend to function well in teams. C) A team comprised primarily of members from Canada, Britain, and Australia, because employees from these countries usually grow up learning how to function in teams. D) A team comprised of members from both Japan and Mexico, because employees from these countries tend to focus on individual accomplishments. E) A team comprised primarily of members from either Japan or Mexico, because employees from countries with collectivist values tend to adjust easily to team structures.

74. If an employee is considered "unconscientious", he or she most likely A) will be willing to undergo training in order to learn team skills. B) can be successfully transferred from one team to another. C) lacks the technical skills necessary for a team position. D) may not be the best choice as a team member. E) comes from a culture that upholds collectivist values

74. Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics. This is called ________. A) communication apprehension B) filtering C) selective perception D) emotional block E) projection

74. The learning organization is viewed as a remedy for which of the following problems inherent in traditional organizations? A) poor communication B) overemphasis on competition C) poor morale D) poor employee engagement E) groupthink

75. An interviewer may project her own interest in family into communications she decodes from others and therefore believes female applicants will put family ahead of career. This interviewer is using ________. A) prejudice B) selective perception C) values judgment D) filtering E) the self-serving bias

75. Which fundamental problem that is inherent in traditional organizations misdirects management's attention to problem solving rather than creation? A) crisis management B) groupthink C) overemphasis on competition D) reactiveness E) fragmentation

76. During the communication process, which of the following is most likely to result in lost information and less effective communication? A) information processing B) information overload C) information filtering D) effective communication E) the maximal effort effect

76. The learning organization draws on which of the following OB concepts? A) quality management B) functional conflict C) transformational leadership D) the boundaryless organization E) all of the above

76. Which of the following strategies would managers find least helpful for turning individuals into team players? A) selecting appropriate candidates B) developing a competitive incentive system C) providing training D) rewarding cooperative efforts E) encouraging personal development

77. Jeremy is trying to determine if a project would be better accomplished in a team. Which of the following tests might be apply? A) Ask if the work can be better done by more than one person. B) Ask if the work creates a common purpose more than the aggregate of individual goals. C) Ask if there is task interdependence. D) Ask if team members want to work together. E) Ask if there is the potential for positive synergy.

77. Which of the following is a characteristic of a learning organization? Its employees ________. A) have standard ways of doing their jobs B) pursue projects of interest C) discard their old ways of thinking and routines for solving problems D) think in terms of independent relationships E) have high levels of technical knowledge

77. Which of the following is not a barrier to effective communication? A) filtering B) silence C) selective perception D) language E) emotions

78. Two of the biggest variables that influence the language a person uses and the definitions given to words are A) age and context. B) incentives and gender. C) education and age. D) cultural background and gender. E) nationality and context.

78. Using teams does not make sense when A) there is interdependence between tasks. B) the success of each member does not depend on the success of the others. C) the task is simple and does not require diverse input. D) there is no common purpose that is more than the aggregate of individual goals. E) there is no potential for positive synergy

78. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a learning organization? A) There is a shared vision upon which everyone agrees. B) People sublimate their personal self-interest to work together to achieve the organization's shared vision. C) Members think of organization activities as independent activities. D) People openly communicate with each other. E) There is consensus on the direction of the organization.

79. Communication ________ is the tension and anxiety about oral, or written communication, or both. A) obstruction B) apprehension C) breakdown D) block E) frustration

79. For which of the following behaviors would a team member be least likely to be rewarded? A) sharing information with teammates B) helping resolve team conflicts C) mastering new skills that the team needs but in which it is deficit D) training new colleagues E) outstanding individual performance

8. Which of the following is NOT an organizational source of resistance to change? A) structural inertia. B) limited focus of change. C) group inertia. D) fear of the unknown. E) threat to established power relationships,

80. All of the following are tests to apply to see if a team fits the situation EXCEPT: A) Can the work be done better by more than one person? B) Are the members of the group interdependent? C) Does the work create a common purpose or set of goals for the people in the group that is more than the aggregate of individual goals? D) Are the members of the group dependent? E) all of the above

80. If Albert is apprehensive regarding oral communication, which of the following behaviors is he least likely to display? A) He prefers to talk on the phone. B) He distorts the communication demands of his job. C) He limits his oral communication and then tends to rationalize his behavior. D) He relies on memos or letters. E) He avoids face-to-face communication

80. Which of the following actions can management take to reshape the organization's culture in creating a learning organization? A) Flatten the structure. B) Reduce the use of cross-functional teams. C) Be a role model in avoiding risk. D) Discourage functional conflict. E) Discourage disagreements.

81. John is trying to decide how to structure his employees for a simple task that doesn't require diverse input. What do you recommend? A) a virtual team be assigned the work B) a self-managed team be assigned the work C) a task force be assigned the work D) a problem-solving team be assigned the work E) an individual be assigned the work

81. People will be more likely to take a passive approach toward change in countries A) where people see themselves as subjugated to their environment. B) such as the United States. C) such as Canada. D) where people believe they can dominate their environment. E) that are collectivist in nature.

82. In dealing with cross-cultural communication, a manager might practice putting herself in the place of the employee, a method termed ________. A) evaluation B) empathy C) complicity D) commiseration E) apathy

82. In global surveys, what percent of US employees report a high level of teamwork in their organization? A) 12 B) 32 C) 52 D) 72 E) 92

83. Global surveys have reported that Canadian and Asian organizations use higher levels of teamwork than US organizations. The heavy role for individual contributions may be expected to continue for some time given A) that teamwork slows down productivity. B) that the US society is individualistic. C) that the US is a democracy. D) that American workers do not enjoy teamwork. E) that American management has difficulty managing teams.

83. Which of the following is most likely to help reduce misperceptions when communicating with people from a different culture? A) Assume similarity until differences are proven. B) Emphasize interpretation rather than evaluation and descriptions. C) See the other's point of view. D) Treat your interpretations as a confirmed hypothesis. E) Make judgments quickly and decisively.

84. The shift from working alone to working on teams requires employees to A) cooperate with others. B) share information. C) confront differences. D) minimize personal interests for the good of the team. E) all of the above

84. Today's managers are finding their world is characterized by A) change as occasional disturbances. B) stable environments. C) predictability. D) constant and chaotic change. E) more of the same.

85. When considering stress across cultures which of the following statements is NOT true? A) The job conditions that cause stress vary across cultures. B) Personality effects on stress are different across cultures. C) Stress is equally bad for employees of all cultures. D) Social support can help reduce the demand to work long hours for American employees. E) Social support can help reduce the demand to work long hours for Chinese employees.

9. An example of a source of individual resistance to change is ________. A) inertia B) structural inertia C) a habit D) threat to expertise E) a policy conflict

9. Which is NOT one of the characteristics of work teams cited in the text? A) collective performance goals B) positive synergy C) individual but mutual accountability D) complementary skills E) individual accountability

9. Mary telephones her employee, Joe, to let him know that today's meeting has been moved to one o'clock. In the communication process, Mary is the A) sender B) receiver C) message D) channel E) encoder

21) Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself, and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements. Which of the following is designed to give an employee greater control of their work schedule? A) flextime B) job sharing C) job rotation D) telecommuting E) job enrichment

21) What term is used for the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others? A) fundamental attribution error B) self-serving bias C) selective perception D) consistency E) actor bias

22) Which of the following is most likely to result from a strong organizational culture? A) low employee turnover B) low employee satisfaction C) high employee turnover D) high absenteeism E) low organizational commitment

27) Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we perceive, we engage in ________. A) selective perception B) memorization C) mental desensitization D) periodic listening E) linear clustering

31) The Young Woman's Club of Williams has been operating for seventy-five years as an organization that supports women who stay at home. For years it has been one of the most prestigious organizations in town with a strong membership. This group has always held classes in cooking, sewing, and child rearing. It has always been made up of upper middle class women from the small town of Williams. As the area has grown, many people have moved into Williams and now commute to Capital City, just 15 miles away. Most of the newcomers are dual-income couples, with both spouses holding full-time jobs. It is probable that the strong culture of the Young Woman's Club of Williams will ________. A) prevent the organization from changing as the population of the community changes B) enable the organization to meet the needs of diverse women in the community C) be embraced by all of the newcomers to the community D) be strengthened by the presence of the newcomers in the community E) enable the organization to become more effective.

37) What is the distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs? A) joint decision making B) autonomy C) empowerment D) productivity enhancement E) quality awareness

38) Which of the following is a strong indicator that interviewers often base their judgments on perception, rather than simply on the facts they are presented with? A) Different interviewers often arrive at different conclusions about the same applicant. B) Applicants who do not have any negative traits are viewed more highly than those with a mix of negative and positive traits. C) Ethnic profiling is often needed to sort out large numbers of applicants. D) Interviewers do not have recourse to objective measures in many cases. E) Experience shows that in many cases the best person is not hired for the job.

4. ________ is addressed by asking the question, "On what basis are jobs grouped together?" A) Departmentalization B) Work specialization C) Centralization and decentralization D) Formalization E) Matrix restructuring

43) What does legislation require almost every company in Western Europe to do? A) Have a form of representative participation. B) Provide employee ownership. C) Provide flextime. D) Set up quality circles. E) Have flexible benefit options.

43. The factors an individual views as important in a decision are assessed in which step in the rational model? A) decision criteria B) developing alternatives C) evaluation of alternatives D) problem definition E) reflection

48) Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture through ________. A) establishing norms that filter down through the organization B) ensuring a proper match of personal and organizational values C) socializing new applicants in the pre-hiring phase D) providing a framework for metamorphosis of new hires E) properly rewarding management's initiatives

51) Which of the following are all forms of variable-pay programs? A) piece-rate, merit-based pay, gainsharing B) profit sharing, lump-sum bonuses, extended vacations C) wage incentive plans, flextime, piece-rate D) retirement benefits, extended vacations, wage incentive plans E) wage rate increases, bonuses, flextime

51) Which of the following is the first stage of the socialization process? A) prearrival B) encounter C) metamorphosis D) ritual E) commitment

68) You are the manager of a development group in a large computer software company. You have decided that it is important for your group to understand the many ways that ethical decisions can be made and you are designing a training program on the subject of ethics. You want to teach the decision criterion that currently dominates business decision-making. Which decision criterion will you teach? A) utilitarian B) justice C) rights D) privilege E) assertion

69) Research on employee stock ownership programs indicates that they are clearly successful in doing which of the following?. A) increasing employee satisfaction B) reducing salaries C) reducing stress D) increasing productivity E) increasing employee expectations

69) ________ typically contain(s) a narrative of events about the organization's founders, rule breaking, or reactions to past mistakes. A) Stories B) Material symbols C) Rituals D) Language E) Reflections

70) In making ethical choices, the criterion that requires managers to enforce policies impartially to ensure an equitable distribution of costs and benefits is A) justice B) utilitarianism C) rights D) privilege

72) Your workforce is diverse in terms of their needs for benefits. Jim is married with two children and his wife is at home full time. Janet is single and supports her widowed mother. Bob is married and his wife has a high-paying job You decide that you want to devise a benefits program that is tailored to their individual needs. You should expect that a flexible benefits program will be all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) less expensive B) consistent with expectancy theory C) more responsive to individual needs D) motivational E) accommodate employee differences

73) What trait does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a problem and even see problems that others are not aware of? A) creativity B) rationality C) conceptual style D) intuition E) individuality

77) An organizational culture most likely to shape high ethical standards is one that ________. A) is high in risk tolerance B) is high in aggressiveness C) focuses on outcomes D) punishes innovation E) creates a highly competitive internal environment

78) What is the segment of the three-component model of creativity that is the foundation for all creative work? A) expertise B) creative thinking skills C) intrinsic task motivation D) intuition E) realization

79) Laura only makes minimum wage, but she loves her job Her supervisor regularly compliments her and she has been chosen employee of the month twice this year. Which of the following is Laura's attitude most likely a function of? A) recognition B) motivation C) goal setting D) involvement E) reactance

80) Researchers report that which of the following was considered by employees to be the most powerful workplace motivator? A) recognition B) money C) opportunity for advancement D) autonomy E) vacation time

82) Which of the following statements best reflects the current state of positive organizational culture? A) While there are benefits to a positive organizational culture, caution must be exercised that it is not pursued beyond the point of effectiveness. B) There is no such thing as too much of a positive organizational culture. C) Positive organizational cultures are an idealistic vision, but unable to be achieved in reality. D) There is no uncertainty in the research about how positive organizational cultures work and benefit organizations. E) All cultures across the globe value being positive as much as the US.

82) Why may job enrichment strategies be less effective in more collectivist cultures? A) The JCM is relatively individualistic. B) The core job characteristics are not equally applicable across cultures. C) Collectivist cultures do not focus on intrinsic job characteristics. D) The JCM has not been translated into other languages.

83) The global research on telecommuting found that A) telecommuting is more common in the US than in Europe. B) across the globe, employers are more interested in telecommuting than employees. C) of the EU countries, Portugal has the highest rate of telecommuting. D) telecommuting simply works better in the US than in other countries.

According to McClelland, what is the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise? A) the need for power B) the need for achievement C) the need for affiliation D) the need for control E) the need for social validation

An ethically healthy climate A) exists where employees confront a minimal degree of ambiguity regarding what constitutes right and wrong behaviors. B) is non-existent in businesses. C) seldom allows employees to do their work productively. D) cannot be created by managers, but must be dictated by the organization's mission. E) interferes with the actual performance of the organization.

An example of an ethical dilemma is: A) Do I inflate an employee's evaluation to save his job? B) Do I offer a bribe to land a contract? C) Do I write a check on a closed account? D) Do I fire an employee to avoid paying her a big bonus? E) Do I fire a whistle blower for exposing the company's wrongdoing?

An important moderator of the satisfaction-turnover relationship is the ________. A) employee's level of performance B) organization's culture C) management's style D) employee's values and attitudes E) employee's level of workplace deviance

As the CEO of a corporation, you have learned to understand the role of emotional intelligence in the workplace. You have worked hard to develop emotional intelligence in your vice-presidents, but believe that some are still struggling. Alan, the V.P. of Employee Relations, does a great job in most respects, but you have noticed that he is very concerned about his image and does not take joking about his abilities well. Alan seems to lack the ability to be aware of what he is feeling. Based on these observations, you would say that Alan is lacking in ________. A) self-awareness B) self-management C) empathy D) social skills E) self-motivation

As you work with Tom, who is 27 years old, you are likely to find that he ________. A) desires financial success B) prefers leisure time C) sees the company merely as a vehicle for his career D) highly values security E) is not interested in work at all

By practicing systematic analysis, you can enhance your intuitive views of behavior and improve your accuracy in ________ behavior. A) explaining and predicting B) confirming C) predicting 100 percent of D) controlling E) managing

Catherine and Bernice are faculty members at a local college who feel very differently about their academic dean. Catherine believes that he is always engaging in political activity that is not in the best interests of the college. She describes him as a man who passes the buck and who is scheming and arrogant. Bernice believes that the dean is an effective manager. Bernice's label for what Catherine describes as "passing the buck" might be A) delegating authority. B) showing responsibility. C) encouraging dependency. D) demonstrating conscientiousness. E) facilitating cooperation.

Cognitive evaluation theory suggests that which of the following would not serve to increase an employee's motivation? A) base pay on performance B) praise good performance C) make the work interesting D) support employee development E) provide verbal rewards

Companies with reputations as good places to work (danh tieng) A) can generate superior financial performance. B) seldom have good managers. C) place little emphasis on interpersonal skills. D) consistently offer flextime. E) pay higher wages

Early studies of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) assumed that it was closely linked with satisfaction. More recent evidence suggests that satisfaction influences OCB, but through perceptions of ________. A) fairness B) consistency C) productivity D) leadership ability E) out marketing

For an organization to be politics free would require that A) all organizational members hold the same goals and interests. B) organizational resources are not scarce. C) performance outcomes are clear. D) performance outcomes are objective. E) all of the above.

Francine is the head of a group at an ad agency working with copywriters, artists and designers to come up with effective branding of new products. Why is it particularly important for her to keep her team happy? A) People are more conscientious when they are in a good mood. B) People are more efficient when they are in a good mood. C) People are more productive when they are in a good mood. D) People are more cooperative when they are in a good mood. E) People are more creative when they are in a good mood.

Gina and Hanna are teachers. Gina dislikes her students, but pretends she likes them by making sure she acts in a friendly manner toward them. Hanna also dislikes her students, but is trying to change the way she feels about them. Which of these teachers is most likely to feel the most stress from their actions and why? A) Gina, since she has to feign genuine emotion B) Gina, since her deep emotions conflict with what her job requires C) Hanna, since she will probably display her true feelings before she changes her deep emotions D) Hanna, since it is very difficult to change displayed emotion E) Their actions are unlikely to cause stress.

Given that managers want to keep resignations and absences at a minimum, they should focus on generating A) positive job attitudes. B) happy employees. C) the highest pay rates. D) the best benefit package

Given the climate of "temporariness" in modern organizations, employees must ________. A) continually update their knowledge and skills B) be prepared to stay in the same position for longer periods of time C) make closer connections to their peers D) foster friendship within the work environment E) limit their mobility if they hope to compete

High self-monitors will most likely be well-suited to which of following positions? A) one that requires them to play a central role B) one that requires them not to yield to outside pressure C) one that requires them to operate independently for long periods of time D) one that requires them to take risks E) one that requires a great deal of creativity

Holland's personality-job fit theory is based on the notion of fit between an individual's ________ and ________. A) personality characteristics; the job requirements B) satisfaction; the job C) ability to perform the job; motivation D) motivation; on-the-job performance E) personality characteristics; job satisfaction

In a study of large employers, the text reported that ________ percent of senior managers believe the organization treated its employees well and ________ percent of the employees agreed. A) 86; 55 B) 55; 86 C) 55; 55 D) 100; 100 E) 100; 0

In assessing conflict-handling intentions, cooperativeness is the degree to which ________. A) one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns B) one party attempts to resolve conflict C) both parties work toward a common goal D) there is an absence of conflict E) one party can empathize with the other

In assessing conflict-handling intentions, the dimension of assertiveness refers to situations ________. A) in which one party attempts to satisfy his/her own concerns B) in which there is an expression of competition C) involving a major behavior change D) that lead to conflict E) in which one party behaves generously

In what way is negotiation different from other activities in the workplace? A) A lack of emotion improves performance. B) Feeling bad about your performance in a negotiation is likely to improve future performance. C) Displaying negative emotions such as anger is ineffective. D) Negative outcomes do not mean that negative emotions will result. E) A negative emotional state enhances performance.

Individuals who do poorly in negotiations A) experience negative emotions. B) develop positive perceptions of their counterparts. C) are more willing to share information. D) are more willing to be cooperative in future negotiations. E) tend to have the highest levels of emotional intelligence.

It seems that your work group is in conflict much of the time. One colleague has suggested that you, as the supervisor, are responsible for eliminating the conflict so that your work group can function harmoniously. Another colleague has suggested that conflict is good for stimulating creativity and productivity within the work environment. You are unsure about whether you should try to eliminate the conflict within your group or learn to deal with it positively. If you support the idea that conflict should be eliminated, you are supporting which of the following views of conflict? A) the traditional view B) the human relations view C) the interactionist view D) the moderated acceptance view E) the positivistic view

Jane Simpson rates low on conscientiousness. This would this lead you to suspect that which of the following statements is most likely to be true about Jane? A) She will be easily distracted. B) She will find comfort in the familiar. C) She will be nervous, depressed, and insecure. D) She will be comfortable with solitude. E) She will be very dim-witted.

Jason is outgoing, sociable, and assertive. According to the MBTI, he is considered A) extraverted B) feeling C) perceiving D) sensing

Jeremy is angry and hostile. As a result, he is more likely to A) engage in deviant behaviors at work. B) score high in EI. C) be more creative. D) be more motivated. E) all of the above.

Joseph's manager has asked him to think about situations in which he was at his "personal best" to better understand how to exploit his strengths. This concept is known as A) reflected best-self B) minimizing limitations C) emotional intelligence D) best of the best

Leadership focuses on the ________. A) downward influence of a leader on his or her followers B) importance of lateral and upward influence patterns C) elimination of dependency relationships D) the stability of the organization E) management of the organization

Leadership requires ________. A) some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led B) strong two-way communication between the leader and those being led C) a dependency of those being led on the leader D) a dependency of the leader on those being led E) followers to share behavioral traits with their leaders

Leadership research emphasizes ________. A) style B) persuasion C) power D) communication E) commitment

Mary has an opening for a position requiring the individual to demonstrate considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior by reading external cues. She should identify the employee with a(n) ________ for a good fit. A) high self-monitoring tendency B) low self-monitoring tendency C) internal locus of control D) external locus of control E) high SE

Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that workers' rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas is likely experiencing ________. A) cognitive dissonance B) unresolved anger C) ethical evasion D) uncertainty avoidance E) social pressure

Negotiation can be defined as a process in which two or more parties exchange goods or services and attempt to agree upon ________. A) the exchange rate for those goods and services B) acceptable bargaining strategies for obtaining the goods and services C) a model of the negotiation process for resolving differences D) effective arbitrators for disputes E) the monetary value of the exchanged items

Organizational commitment is defined as ________. A) the degree to which an employee identifies with the organization they work for and its goals B) an employee's belief that the organization they work for will go to considerable lengths to ensure that its employees are treated fairly C) the degree to which an employee's sense of fulfillment and self-worth is related to their job D) the amount of effort an employee will make in order to keep or advance their position in an organization E) the degree to which an employee believes their work impacts their organization

People who perceive that they are victims of interactional injustice tend to blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large. Why is this? A) Interactional justice or injustice is intimately tied to the conveyer of the information. B) Interactional injustice can only occur during face-to-face encounters. C) When people are not treated with respect, they tend to retaliate against those closest to hand. D) Interactional injustice is in the eyes of those who perceive they are disrespected. E) Interactional injustice is most often the result of impersonal policies of the organization.

Peter is a counselor at a drug treatment program. Today he is under quite a lot of stress: he has a grant proposal to write by the end of the day, he is scheduled to counsel a client who has proved difficult in the past and his supervisor has written him up for being late to work. How will the stress from these events probably affect Peter's mood? A) gradually worsen his mood B) gradually improve his mood C) suddenly worsen his mood D) suddenly improve his mood E) will likely have little actual effect on his mood.

Positive organizational scholarship A) challenges researchers to look at OB through a new lens B) denies the presence of the negative C) challenges organizations to dwell on their limitations D) denies the value of critical feedback

Positive organizational scholarship A) is also called positive organizational behavior B) is also called foundation for positive organizations C) is concerned with developing the weaknesses of employees D) is concerned with identifying what's wrong with organizations and their employees

Researchers have paid so much attention to personality traits in OB in order to ________. A) help in employee selection and in understanding how to more effectively manage people. B) enable the easy evaluation of employee performance C) help identify which people in a workforce will work best together D) understand the motivation of outstanding workers E) exclude potential trouble-makers from work.

Sarah is a flight attendant who is required to smile on the job and to be courteous. She does not feel very kindly toward an inconsiderate passenger, but continues to be pleasant and smile. This disparity is known as A) emotional dissonance. B) felt emotions. C) displayed emotions. D) emotional labor.

Social psychologists have made major contributions to OB by their study of which of the following? A) behavioral and attitude change B) individual decision making C) job satisfaction D) organizational power E) cross-cultural analysis

The OB topic of motivation has been most influenced by which behavioral science discipline? A) psychology B) social psychology C) sociology D) political science E) corporate strategy

The ________ component of an attitude is the emotional or feeling component of that attitude. A) affective B) cognitive C) behavioral D) evaluative E) reaffective

The ________ refers to the number of subordinates that a manager directs. A) span of control B) unity of command C) chain of command D) decentralization principle E) leadership web

The ________ view of conflict argues that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group. A) human relations B) interactionist C) traditional D) functional E) human resources

The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if the attitude ________. A) refers to something that the individual has direct personal experience with B) must be defended against the attitudes of society at large C) is perceived to be of little importance D) is related to organizational structure E) is not regularly discussed and examined

The blurring of the line between work and non-work time has created A) personal conflicts. B) a more stable workforce. C) higher pay scales for more hours worked. D) less stress. E) more stay-at-home moms

The boundaryless organization relies heavily on ________. A) information technology B) efficient chains of command C) the simple structure D) the matrix structure E) departmentalization

The common characteristic of service jobs is that they require A) substantial interaction with an organization's customers. B) low pay. C) a focus on productivity. D) little job knowledge. E) little technical competence.

The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level will generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as what kind of relationship. A) performance-reward B) effort-performance C) reward-personal goal D) effort-satisfaction E) agent-actor

The following answer choices are quotes from employees about their job at Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores. Which quote most likely comes from an employee who has a great deal of organizational commitment? A) "I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet, so I'm glad I am working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all." B) "I like the fact that in my role as a buyer for Healthy Eating I get to make choices about which food is good enough for us to sell." C) "Even though I only work in the produce department for now, it's good to know that the suggestions I make about how the store could be improved are heard and considered by my managers." D) "The challenging nature of the work and the thoughtful and generous way they treat their staff has made Healthy Eating the best place I have ever worked." E) "With the benefits it provides, it is vital for me to keep my job. In fact, I will stay with Healthy Eating for as long as I possibly can."

The primary drawback of the virtual organization is A) the reduction in management's control over key parts of its business. B) the reliance on the founder/manager of the business. C) the wide spans of control. D) the long chain of command. E) the lack of flexibility.

The process by which individuals attempt to control the perceptions that others form of them is called ________. A) impression management B) information management C) defensive behavior D) perception management E) reflection control

The simple structure is most widely practiced in small businesses in which ________. A) the owner also manages the company B) management is limited to one individual C) managers have a high degree of influence with the company's owner D) managers are hired directly by the company's owner E) training budgets are limited

The structure that combines functional and product departmentalization is the ________. A) matrix structure B) simple structure C) bureaucracy D) team structure E) organizational pyramid

The subject of organizational culture has been most influenced by which behavioral science discipline? A) anthropology B) psychology C) social psychology D) political science E) corporate strategy

The traditional view of conflict is the belief that conflict is ________. A) harmful B) natural C) necessary D) situationally dependent E) neutral

The unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom is termed ________. A) chain of command B) authority C) span of control D) unity of command E) web of authority

The virtual is also called the ________ or ________ organization. A) network; modular B) team; social C) pyramid; multi-level D) boundaryless; global E) simple; unitary

The virtual organization stands in sharp contrast to the typical bureaucracy that has many vertical levels of management and where control is sought through ________. A) ownership B) teams C) imposing limits D) directives E) manipulation

Thomas recognizes that his firm is plagued by organizational politics. He is not good at playing games and instead frequently engages in defensive behaviors in order to protect himself and his interests. Thomas is frustrated because he believes that he has little control over his environment, and his environment is uncomfortable to him. He has had some success at establishing a sense of control for himself by appearing to be more or less supportive publicly while doing little or nothing privately. The defensive behavior that he is engaged in falls under the category of avoiding A) action. B) blame. C) change. D) power. E) responsibility.

What continuum in the two-factor theory is influenced by the hygiene factors? A) no dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction B) no dissatisfaction to satisfaction C) satisfaction to no satisfaction D) satisfaction to dissatisfaction E) dissatisfaction to exit behavior

What did the study of Sears employees that examined satisfaction and absenteeism find? A) Workers with high satisfaction scores had much higher attendance than those with lower satisfaction levels. B) Workers with high satisfaction scores had much lower attendance during snow storms. C) Workers with low satisfaction scores had much higher attendance than those with higher satisfaction levels. D) There was no relationship between satisfaction and attendance. E) Even satisfied employees will experience high absenteeism during snow storms.

What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "S or N" stand for? A) sensing/intuitive B) sensing/thinking C) emotional stability/intuitive D) emotional stability/thinking E) sane/reflective

What is the difference between terminal and instrumental values, as proposed by Rokeach? A) Terminal values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime, while the instrumental values are the preferable modes of behavior in achieving these values. B) Instrumental values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime, while terminal values are the preferable modes of behavior in achieving theses values. C) Terminal values are the highest values in a person's value system, while instrumental values are the ones that are most often used. D) Instrumental values are the values that are used in day to day life, terminal values are those that come into play at times of great stress. E) Terminal values are the values shared by the group as a whole, instrumental values are the values that differ within a group and give rise to conflict.

What is the umbrella concept that encompasses both emotions and moods? A) affect B) emotions C) moods D) emotional labor E) cognition

What sort of goals does Management By Objectives (MBO) emphasize? A) tangible, verifiable and measurable B) achievable, controllable and profitable C) inspirational, teachable and creative D) challenging, emotional and constructive E) hierarchical, attainable and effective

What term is used to describe the personality of an individual who is aggressively involved in an incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time? A) Type A personality B) Type B personality C) proactive personality D) narcissistic personality E) high Mach personality

What theory attempts to measure the strength of one's expectations and predict motivation? A) Expectancy theory B) Equity theory C) Goal setting theory D) ERG theory E) Surberist theory

When Tahitians are sad, their peers attribute their state to a physical illness. Which of the following facts does this best illustrate? A) The norms for the expression of emotions differ across cultures B) The value people place on emotions varies across cultures? C) The degree to which people experience emotions varies across cultures? D) It's easier for people to accurately recognize emotions within their own culture than in those of other cultures. E) All cultures interpret emotions in the same way.

When a bank robber points a gun at a bank employee, his base of power is ________. A) coercive B) punitive C) positional D) authoritative E) fractional

When a co-worker agrees to assist with a project in exchange for a future favor, they are engaged in which process? A) negotiation B) conflict resolution C) direct authority D) delegation E) pressure

When doctors attend a workshop to improve their bedside manner and feel more apathy for their patients, they are attempting to impact their A) deep acting. B) surface acting. C) emotional labor. D) displayed emotions.

When seeking to understand how the corporate culture of IBM differs from that of Apple, OB researchers are drawing on contributions made from A) anthropology B) psychology C) sociology D) social psychology

When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value system. A) intensity B) content C) context D) social acceptance E) social needs

Which of the following desires would most likely be common to a worker in China, Australia, Kenya, Canada and Kuwait? A) interesting work B) higher pay C) more flexibility D) telecommuting options E) advancement

Which of the following fields has most helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior among people in different countries? A) anthropology B) psychology C) political science D) operations research E) psycholinguistics

Which of the following is NOT true concerning EBM? A) EBM requires that management decisions be based on "gut feel" B) EBM requires that managerial decisions are based on the latest available evidence C) EBM requires that managers become more scientific in their approach to managerial problems D) None of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive bargaining? A) I win, you lose B) long-term focus C) convergent or congruent interests D) most preferable bargaining for intraorganizational behavior E) high information sharing

Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience? A) affect B) emotions C) moods D) emotional labor E) cognition

Which of the following is a personal variable that can lead to potential conflict? A) personality type B) degree of intergroup dependence C) group size D) organizational tenure E) culture

Which of the following is an example of an MBO objective? A) Decrease payroll costs in the accounting department by 6% over the next 6 months. B) Modernize outdated equipment. C) Train employees to use new invoicing software. D) Improve customer service. E) Increase employee satisfaction.

Which of the following is not an argument that supports the existence of emotional intelligence? A) EI is practically indistinguishable from the established concepts of intelligence and personality. B) People with high EI have a leg up in the business world. C) People without the ability to process emotions have been proved to be poor decision makers. D) A high level of EI is a good predictor of job performance. E) It is intuitively appealing.

Which of the following is the term referring to one's ability to be self-aware, to detect emotions in others, and to manage emotional cues and information? A) emotional intelligence B) AET C) emotional external constraints D) affective emotions E) cognition

Which of the following personality traits is most likely to help achieve career success? A) proactive personality B) high SE C) Type A D) extrovert E) agreeable

Which of the following reflect people problems that managers frequently experience? A) outdated technology B) employees' lack of motivation C) poor communication skills of bosses D) conflicts between team members

Which of the following statements about job satisfaction is NOT true? A) Most of the research on job satisfaction has not been conducted in the U.S. B) People in other cultures form judgments of job satisfaction. C) Similar factors cause job satisfaction across cultures. D) Pay is weakly related to job satisfaction in industrialized nations. E) all of the above.

Which of the following statements explains gender differences in emotional expression? A) Men and women are socialized differently. B) Men may have more innate ability to read others than women. C) Men may have a greater need for social approval than women. D) Women are socialized to be tough and brave. E) Women have a lower propensity to show emotions than men.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about attitudes? A) Managers need to focus more on keeping resignations and absences down than on employees' attitudes. B) Managers should be interested in their employees' attitudes since they give warnings of potential problems. C) Managers should be interested in their employees' attitudes since they influence behavior. D) Measurement of overall job attitude is a useful piece of organizational information.

Which one of the following is consistent with a simple structure? A) high centralization B) high horizontal differentiation C) high employee discretion D) standardization E) bureaucracy

Which one of the following is not a perspective of the traditional view of conflict? A) Conflict is inevitable. B) Conflict must be avoided. C) Conflict is dysfunctional. D) Conflict is harmful. E) Conflict is synonymous with irrationality.

Who is most likely to engage in IM? A) low self-monitors B) high self-monitors C) low Machs D) those with an external locus of control E) everyone

You are seeking to fill the position of corporate accountant, and have administered Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire to all candidates. You would suspect that the questionnaire would indicate that the best candidates for the position would have which of the following personality types? A) conventional B) realistic C) enterprising D) investigative E) social

You describe to your students a new committee within the university that brings together specialists from all different departments to develop a new interdisciplinary program. The structure probably best meets the definition of the ________. A) matrix structure B) expert structure C) boundaryless structure D) virtual structure E) organizational pyramid

You have decided to try to find a win-win situation to help labor and management resolve their differences. You are attempting to engage in A) integrative bargaining. B) distributive bargaining. C) mediation. D) BATNA. E) arbitration.

You have divided the jobs performed by your department through work specialization and are now trying to decide how to best group these jobs to improve efficiency and customer service. You are considering whether to group activities by function, product, process, geography, or customer. You have decided that since you are a novice at departmentalization, you will go with the most popular method. You will probably choose ________. A) function B) product C) process D) customer E) matrix

You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe scores high in the need for achievement, Mary scores high in the need for power, and Tim scores high in the need for affiliation. Sarah scored high in the need for power and low in the need for affiliation. Doug scores low in both need for power and need for affiliation. Which employee would be best suited to a challenging new assignment where they would receive rapid feedback? A) Joe B) Mary C) Tim D) Sarah E) Doug

You wish to hire a person who has an original mind, is skeptical, critical, independent, and determined. Candidates for this position would ideally have what classification on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? A) INTJs B) ESTJs C) ENTPs D) ISFPs E) ESTPs

________ are consistent with recent efforts by companies to reduce costs, cut overhead, speed up decision making, increase flexibility, get closer to customers, and empower employees. A) Wider spans of control B) Narrower spans of control C) Matrix structures D) Simple structures E) Centralization

________ departmentalization achieves economies of scale by placing people with common skills and orientations into common units. A) Functional B) Process C) Product D) Geographic E) Temporal

________ emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite what they might outwardly show. A) Felt B) Displayed C) Conditional D) Exposed E) Suppressed

________ power is generally related to an individual's unique characteristics. A) Personal B) Reward C) Legitimate D) Expert E) Idiosyncratic

According to LMX theory, followers with in-group status will have all of the following EXCEPT A) higher performance ratings than out-group members. B) lower turnover intentions. C) more characteristics in common with the leader. D) greater satisfaction with their supervisors. E) higher overall satisfaction than the out-group members

According to University of Michigan researchers, which type of leader is associated with higher group productivity and higher job satisfaction? A) situational B) employee-oriented C) production-oriented D) initiating structure-oriented E) heliocentric

According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader is likely to have job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for his/her employees is ________. A) consideration B) matrix C) consensus-building D) LPC E) maximization

According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader's behavior is directed toward getting the job done is called ________. A) consideration B) maximization C) relationship-oriented D) path-goal E) initiating structure

According to the text, transactional leadership is addressed by all of the following leadership theories EXCEPT ________. A) transformational leadership theory B) trait theory C) Fiedler's model D) the Ohio State studies E) the University of Michigan studies

As you have observed your department manager and her interactions with the department's employees, you have come to believe in LMX theory. Sarah and Joe get less of the manager's time. Sally gets fewer of the preferred rewards that the manager controls and John has a relationship with the manager based on formal authority interactions. Rebecca is trusted. Jennifer gets a disproportionate amount of the manager's attention and is more likely to receive special privileges. According to LMX theory, which of the following employees is likely to be included in the out-group? A) Rebecca only B) Jennifer only C) Sarah and Jennifer only D) Sarah and Joe only E) Sarah, Joe, Sally, and John only

As you have observed your department manager and her interactions with the department's employees, you have come to believe in LMX theory. Sarah and Joe get less of the manager's time. Sally gets fewer of the preferred rewards that the manager controls and John has a relationship with the manager based on formal authority interactions. Rebecca is trusted. Jennifer gets a disproportionate amount of the manager's attention and is more likely to receive special privileges. When you look at this department's performance evaluations, you expect to find that ________. A) Rebecca and Jennifer have high ratings. B) Rebecca, John, and Jennifer have high ratings. C) Rebecca and Jennifer have high ratings, John has moderate ratings, and the rest of the employees have low ratings. D) John has received more promotions than any of the other employees. E) Rebecca and John compete with each other for the highest ratings.

35 Sam works for the SPCA because of their involvement with animals. He is demonstrating which dimension to organization commitment? A) general organizational commitment B) affective commitment C) continuance commitment D) normative commitment E) involvement commitment

35) What do we call it when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs? A) grouping B) stereotyping C) categorizing D) assimilating E) prototyping

39) A dilemma is created for strong cultures when A) too many employees are retained. B) diverse individuals are hired. C) turnover remains low. D) core values are embraced. E) new employees are quickly accepted.

4) According to JCM theory, which of the following results in the maximum internal rewards for an individual? A) when they are given tangible rewards B) when they learn that they personally have performed well on a task that they care about C) when they initiate a program that enables them to work with a variety of like-minded colleagues D) when their training is realized and their expectations are met E) when they are singled out for praise for successfully completing an arduous task

40) What is the first step in the Rational Decision-Making Model? A) developing alternatives B) defining the problem C) identifying the decision criteria D) weighing the decision criteria E) collecting relevant data

42) In the following steps in rational decision making, which would come first? A) Generate alternatives. B) Identify criteria. C) Make a choice. D) Implement the decision. E) Assess the outcome.

44) Sarah is responsible for purchasing a new computer system for her department. Given the significant financial investment, Sarah has decided to use the rational decision-making model. The first step occurred when Sarah's manager informed her that the old computer system was not able to accommodate the expected customer load. What is this step? A) identifying decision criteria B) defining the problem C) rating each alternative on each criterion D) computing the optimal decision E) creating an agenda

45) Sarah is responsible for purchasing a new computer system for her department. Given the significant financial investment, Sarah has decided to use the rational decision-making model. What should Sarah do in the rational decision-making process after she identifies the decision criteria? A) Find out who will be using the computer system, what they need it to be able to do, cost constraints and any other criteria that needs to be taken into account. B) Weight the criteria that must be met by the new system and identify which are simply preferences. C) Find out which systems would fulfill the criteria identified. D) Work out which computer system is the best of all the possible alternatives. E) Select the new computer system that best fits the weighted criteria.

45) The selection process helps sustain the organization's culture by ________. A) establishing and enforcing norms B) ensuring that candidates fit well within the organization C) socializing the applicant D) identifying individuals who have the skills to perform certain jobs E) rewarding conformity

45) Works councils and board representatives are the two most common forms of ________. A) employee recognition B) representative participation C) participative management D) job enrichment E) employee benefits

47) The selection process at W.L. Gore & Associates is designed to allow candidates who don't fit with the organizational culture to A) obtain training to better fit. B) select out. C) learn more about the culture. D) change the organization's values. E) change their own values to match.

58) Which decision making bias is particularly likely when negotiating salary? A) confirmation bias B) anchoring bias C) availability bias D) overconfidence bias

71) Your workforce is diverse in terms of their needs for benefits. Jim is married with two children and his wife is at home full time. Janet is single and supports her widowed mother. Bob is married and his wife has a high-paying job You decide that you want to devise a benefits program that is tailored to their individual needs. What sort of benefit program would probably be the best choice? A) a traditional benefit program B) a flexible benefit program C) letting them purchase their own benefits D) an ESOP E) an AESOP

72 Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) An important moderator of the satisfaction-turnover relationship is the employee's level of performance. B) Job satisfaction is more important in influencing superior performers to stay than in influencing poor performers to stay. C) Job satisfaction is more important in influencing poor performers to stay than in influencing superior performers to stay. D) Superior performers are more likely to remain with the organization because of other rewards they receive. E) All of the above.

72) Susan is involved in making a very important decision for her university. The university is searching for a new president and Susan is a member of the selection committee. She wants to make certain that the best candidate is chosen. Susan wants the committee to produce novel and useful ideas for identifying and selecting the candidate. She has decided she should stimulate ________. A) consensus B) creativity C) diversity D) clarity E) obedience

75) What are modular benefit plans? A) essential benefits and a menu-like selection of other benefits B) pre-designed packages of benefits to meet the needs of a specific group of employees C) they require employees to set aside funds up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for services D) a scheme designed for single employees with no dependents E) a scheme designed for employees with families

76) In which benefit plan are employees given benefit credits to purchase additional benefits to add to the core? A) modular plans B) core plus plans C) flexible spending plans D) ESOPs E) employee recognition plans

79) To create a more ethical culture, management should do all of the following EXCEPT A) serve as a visible role model. B) cover up unethical acts. C) provide ethical training. D) communicate ethical expectations. E) provide protective mechanisms.

79) What segment of the three-component model of creativity encompasses personality characteristics that are associated with imagination? A) expertise B) creative thinking skills C) intrinsic task motivation D) intuition E) realization

80) A culture that emphasizes building on employee strengths and emphasizes individual vitality and growth is known as a/an A) strong culture. B) positive organizational culture. C) strengths-driven culture. D) ethical culture. E) reward culture.

According to McClelland, individuals who have a desire to excel and to succeed are high in A) the need for power. B) the need for achievement. C) the need for motivation. D) the need for affiliation. E) the need for social validation.

All of the following are recommendations for improving your negotiating effectiveness EXCEPT A) Set ambitious goals. B) Pay particular attention to initial offers. C) Research your opponent. D) Address the problem, not personalities. E) Be creative and emphasize win-win solutions.

All of the following are true about pay and job satisfaction EXCEPT A) For people who are poor, pay correlates with job satisfaction. B) Once an individual; reaches a level of comfortable living, pay correlates highly with job satisfaction. C) People in the U.S. who earn $75,000 experience no greater levels of job satisfaction than those who earn $40,000. D) There is no relationship between average pay and average level of job satisfaction. E) The richest people on the Forbes 400 list do not have significantly higher overall well-being scores than Maasai herdsmen in East Africa.

All of the following are true statements concerning the criticism of EI EXCEPT: A) EI is too vague a concept. B) There is only one generally accepted definition of EI. C) EI can't be measured. D) The validity of EI is suspect. E) EI is highly correlated with measures of personality.

All of the following are weaknesses of Hofstede's cultural dimensions pointed out by critics EXCEPT: A) The original data are from 30 years ago. B) The original data were based on only four companies: IBM, Disney, Coca-Cola, and McDonald's. C) Most researchers are unaware of the judgment calls Hofstede had to make. D) Some of the Hofstede results are unexpected. E) Few researchers have read the details of Hofstede's methodology closely.

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) values clarification E) affective reactance

As managers oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor, A) they face little criticism. B) they must deal with strong criticism from labor groups. C) they manage less diverse workforces. D) they avoid markets like China and other developing nations. E) they work themselves out of a job.

Celebrities are paid millions of dollars to endorse products in commercials because the advertisers believe the celebrities have ________ power. A) personal B) referent C) expert D) legitimate E) star

Conflict is an antidote for A) the risky shift. B) groupthink. C) emotional intelligence. D) a poor decision. E) creativity.

Conflict is dysfunctional when it ________. A) provides a medium to release tension B) reduces group cohesiveness C) fosters an environment of self-evaluation D) provides a means for expressing frustration E) leads to change

Conflict that relates to the content and goals of work is termed ________ conflict. A) job B) task C) relationship D) process E) communication

Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. One of the questions you tell the trainees to ask is, "To what degree are tasks subdivided into separate jobs?" This question addresses the issue of ________. A) formalization B) work specialization C) span of control D) chain of command E) matrix restructuring

Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. CE believes that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. You instruct the trainees to ask about the degree of rules and regulations that direct employees and managers. You want to help them understand the ________. A) chain of command B) degree of formalization C) span of control D) degree of departmentalization E) idea of matrix restructuring

Darwin argued that A) emotions have no place in decision making. B) emotions are useful because they motivate people to engage in survival actions. C) emotions have a limited role in decision making. D) emotions limit our ability to think rationally. E) emotions hamper an individual's ability to avoid danger.

Deborah works for a U.S.-based firm with extensive business interests in Latin America. Deborah has successfully used goal-setting theory in her efforts to motivate her U.S. employees. When she tries to use it on her Chilean employees, she has much poorer results. Why is this probably so? A) Language difference makes it very difficult to translate the necessary concepts into Spanish. B) Goal setting theory is culture-bound. C) Chilean employees tend to score high on measures of the need for achievement. D) The goals the workers in Chile must reach are substantially simpler than those her U.S. employees must reach. E) She publicly announced the goals she wanted her Chilean workers to reach.

During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties exchange their initial proposals or demands? A) opening and initiating B) definition of ground rules C) clarification and justification D) bargaining and problem-solving E) integration of preferences

Equity theory historically focused on ________ justice. A) procedural B) distributive C) interpersonal D) organizational E) interactional

Helen is an office worker who processes health insurance forms. She has worked at her present job for three years. Initially she was criticized by her supervisor for sloppy work, but in the months after that she improved considerably. Now she consistently processes her forms without errors and above quota. However she has found her supervisor has not responded to the extra effort she puts in, giving her no praise and no financial reward. Helen will most likely perceive that there is a problem in which of the following relationships? A) rewards-personal goals B) performance-reward C) effort-performance D) rewards-effort E) performance-achievement

High job involvement means identifying with ________, while high organizational commitment means identifying with ________. A) your employing organization; your specific job B) your specific job; your employing organization C) your profession; your specific job D) your co-workers; your specific job E) your specific job; your co-workers

Higher levels of job satisfaction have been reported in the U.S. and western Europe. This may be because A) individuals in western cultures need to work. B) individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions. C) there is more industrialization in western cultures. D) individuals in western cultures are more self-critical and geared toward continuous improvement. E) these are collectivist societies not focused on individual happiness.

How would a Theory X manager view employees? A) seeking responsibility B) needing to be coerced to achieve goals C) viewing work as a normal daily activity D) exercising self control E) not motivated by rewards

If Adam modifies his true inner feelings based on display rules, he is engaged in A) surface acting. B) deep acting. C) emotional subterfuge. D) affective camouflage. E) repressed affection.

If Joe knows that stealing from the company is wrong, but he continues to take paper for his computer home fro his son's homework, Festinger would argue that Joe is experiencing A) deviant work behaviors. B) cognitive dissonance. C) a poor conscience. D) job dissatisfaction E) disengagement

If one party is willing to give in to please someone else, this is an example of which type of conflict-handling intention? A) sacrificing B) accommodating C) collaborating D) compromising E) competing

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, what is the term used for the drive to become what one is capable of becoming? A) perfection B) self-actualization C) hypo-glorification D) self-esteem E) attainment

In an emergency situation, which conflict-handling technique is recommended? A) collaboration B) competition C) accommodation D) avoidance E) compromise

In her work in the publishing industry, Vera seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. Vera believes that the decision not to publish these authors was based on personal rivalries within management, rather than the quality of her writers' work. She is extremely frustrated, dreads coming into work each morning and is seriously thinking of resigning. How can Vera's job attitudes best be described? A) low job satisfaction and low job involvement B) low job satisfaction and high job involvement C) high job satisfaction and low job involvement D) high job satisfaction and high job involvement E) low organizational commitment

In reorganizing his division, Matthew must make some decisions regarding the span of control for management within his decision. The question of span of control determines ________. A) who reports to whom B) the number of levels and managers an organization has C) where decisions are made D) how jobs will be grouped E) how employees will be compensated

In which facet of job satisfaction are people least satisfied? A) work itself B) pay and promotion opportunities C) job overall D) supervisor E) coworkers

In which stage of conflict do individuals become emotionally involved? A) potential opposition B) cognition and personalization C) intuitions D) behavior E) reaction and transference

Individuals who develop explanations to lessen their responsibility for negative outcomes are demonstrating which of the following defensive behaviors? A) buffing B) justifying C) prevention D) stretching E) misrepresenting

Individuals with a high need to achieve prefer all of the following except ________. A) job situations with a high degree of personal responsibility B) a high degree of risk C) overcoming obstacles D) feedback E) personal empowerment

It seems that your work group is in conflict much of the time. One colleague has suggested that you, as the supervisor, are responsible for eliminating the conflict so that your work group can function harmoniously. Another colleague has suggested that conflict is good for stimulating creativity and productivity within the work environment. You are unsure about whether you should try to eliminate the conflict within your group or learn to deal with it positively. You have decided to accept conflict as a natural occurrence and deal with it. You are supporting A) the traditional view. B) the human relations view. C) the interactionist view. D) the behavior modification view. E) the positivistic view.

Jason has been spending a great deal of work time talking to his co-workers about how dissatisfied he is with the job. He has spent quite a bit of time discussing unionization. he has arrived at work intoxicated twice in the last week and has repeatedly taken office supplies home with him. His behavior might be classified as A) job enlargement. B) deviant behavior. C) separation anticipation. D) theft. E) cognitive dissonance.

Jennifer's boss asks for her recommendations on strategies for promoting functional conflict within the company. Which of the following is Jennifer most likely to recommend? A) punishing individuals who support beliefs that management has rejected B) empowering employees to question their bosses with impunity C) implementing a policy of promoting personnel who are conflict avoiders D) training managers to discourage devil's advocates in the decision-making process E) encouraging managers to reward employees who keep their opinions to themselves

Joseph is not very good at reading the emotions of his employees and has not learned to express his own emotions. He would be classified as having which of the following? A) low emotional labor B) low emotional intelligence C) high empathy D) high emotional intelligence E) low affect

Julie smiles and acts politely towards a customer at her checkout, even though she really deeply dislikes this customer. What is the disparity between the emotion Julie displays and the emotions she is actually experiencing? A) felt emotions B) emotional dissonance C) conditional emotional response D) emotional distance E) emotional exposure

Labor and management at DJ Trucking cannot agree upon a contract for the truck drivers. The drivers are threatening to strike, and management knows that such a strike would be very costly. Each side contends that they are bargaining fairly, but no agreement seems to be possible. Both sides agree that they are competing over a fixed amount of resources. Each side feels that what one side wins, the other loses. The two sides are engaged in A) integrative bargaining. B) distributive bargaining. C) mediation. D) BATNA. E) arbitration.

MBO emphasizes translating overall organizational objectives into ________. A) capital gains B) specific objectives for organizational units and individual members C) operational units D) terms that the individual worker can understand and accept E) personal gain

Maslow's hierarchy of needs arranges those five needs in which of the following orders? A) physiological, esteem, safety, social, and self-actualization B) physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization C) safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization D) physiological, social, safety, esteem, and self-actualization E) safety, physiological, social, esteem, and self-actualization

McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs? A) achievement, realization and acceptance B) achievement, power and affiliation C) power, acceptance and confirmation D) affiliation, control and realization E) control, status and relationships

One reacts to ________ power out of fear of the negative ramifications that might result if one fails to comply. A) legitimate B) coercive C) punitive D) referent E) abusive

Power tactics can be defined as ________. A) the only legitimate sources of power B) techniques for translating power bases into specific actions C) strategies for gathering and maintain support D) organizational structural characteristics E) approaches for winning arguments

Reactive and protective behaviors designed to avoid action, blame, or change when people perceive politics as a threat, are termed ________. A) political behaviors B) defensive behaviors C) protectionism D) impression management E) shielding bias

Research shows that for most people, the effect of social activities is which of the following? A) decreases positive mood B) increases positive mood C) increases negative mood D) decreases negative mood E) will have little effect on mood

Senior management at Acme is concerned because the company takes so long to bring new products to market. Which of the following approaches would your trainees identify as most likely to help resolve this problem? A) reduction of cross-functional work teams B) decentralization of the decision-making process C) decreased work specialization D) decreased formalization of policies and procedures E) reduced diversity within the company's work force

Service-oriented businesses like Southwest Airlines obsess about pleasing customers. To accomplish this end, they also focus on A) providing the best benefits to employees. B) building employee satisfaction. C) paying the highest salaries. D) offering flextime. E) offering tuition reimbursement

Significant contributions to OB in the study of group behavior in organizations have been made by ________. A) psychologists B) social psychologists C) anthropologists D) political scientists E) operations analysts

Someone subscribing to Theory Y would agree with which of the following statements? A) Individuals are dominated by Maslow's lower-level needs. B) Individuals are dominated by Maslow's higher-level needs. C) Individuals are not clearly dominated by any particular level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. D) Individuals are in reality independent of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. E) Individuals are dominated by their needs in a situational context rather than in a strict hierarchy.

Studies show that people who are depressed tend to make poorer decisions than those with a more positive outlook. Why is this thought to be the case? A) They tend to choose an outcome that will confirm their negative worldview. B) They search for the perfect solution when rarely is any solution perfect. C) They rarely weigh up all the options when making a decision. D) They avoid stereotyping and other behaviors that allow them to come to a rapid decision. E) They tend to put too great a value on their own ability to affect outcomes.

The ________ view of conflict encourages a group to perform effectively by maintaining an ongoing minimum level of conflict. A) human relations B) interactionist C) traditional D) functional E) reactive

The conflict-handling intention of collaborating is ________. A) assertive and uncooperative B) assertive and cooperative C) unassertive and uncooperative D) unassertive and cooperative E) affective and reflective

The majority of employees today in developed countries work in ________. A) manufacturing jobs B) service jobs C) MNCs D) government agencies E) the military

The most important aspect of power is probably that it ________. A) is needed to get things done in an organization B) is a function of dependency C) tends to corrupt people D) is counterproductive E) involves control

The most well-known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow's ________. A) Theories X and Y B) Hierarchy of Needs C) Two-factor Theory D) Motivator-Hygiene Theory E) Cognitive Evaluation Theory

The power tactic that evidence suggests is one of the most effective is ________. A) pressure or coercion B) rational persuasion C) personal appeals or friendship D) exchange or rewards E) flattery

The right inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect orders to be obeyed is termed ________. A) chain of command B) authority C) power D) unity of command E) leadership

The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals is known as ________. A) psychiatry B) psychology C) sociology D) political science E) organizational behavior

The six basic emotions can be plotted on a continuum with which two emotions serving as the end points? A) sadness and happiness B) anger and surprise C) anger and happiness D) surprise and fear E) sadness and disgust

The terms negotiation and ________ are used interchangeably. A) win-lose B) bargaining C) collaboration D) accommodating E) arbitration

The trend in recent years has been toward ________. A) narrower spans of control B) wider spans of control C) a span of control of four D) an ideal span of control of six to eight E) eliminating spans of control in favor of team structures

The two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor? A) advancement B) working conditions C) achievement D) recognition E) nature of the work itself

Thomas recognizes that his firm is plagued by organizational politics. He is not good at playing games and instead frequently engages in defensive behaviors in order to protect himself and his interests. Thomas is frustrated because he believes that he has little control over his environment, and his environment is uncomfortable to him. He has had some success at establishing a sense of control for himself by appearing to be more or less supportive publicly while doing little or nothing privately. Which of the following behaviors is Thomas engaged in? A) overconforming B) stalling C) playing dumb D) stretching E) buck passing

Wal-Mart is an example of a company following a A) innovation strategy. B) cost-minimization strategy. C) imitation strategy. D) branding strategy. E) differentiation strategy

What are the most widely used approaches to measuring job satisfaction? A) engagement surveys B) a single global rating and a summation score C) supervision and pay ratings D) standardized job involvement surveys

What cohort of workers in the United States is most loyal to their careers? A) Veterans B) Boomers C) Nexters D) Xers E) Traditionalists

What constitutes good ethical behavior A) is constantly ignored B) has never been clearly defined C) is well known D) is seen when elected officials pad their expense accounts E) is not related to organizational culture

What does the content attribute of a value state? A) that the value is complete B) that the mode of conduct is important C) that the value is strongly or weakly held D) the behavior associated with that value E) that the value is not transient

What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality? A) It is very difficult to administer. B) It probably should not be used as a selection test for choosing among job candidates since it is not necessarily a valid measure of personality. C) It does not include enough dimensions to differentiate all the variety of human personality D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive personality traits over analytical personality traits E) It is very difficult to accurately interpret.

What other name is the two-factor theory known by? A) Theories X and Y B) Motivator-Hygiene Theory C) Hierarchy of Needs Theory D) Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction Theory E) Minimal Justification Theory

What statement best reflects the myth of rationality? A) Emotions are an inseparable part of everyday life. B) The work world has tried to keep a damper on emotions at work. C) Emotions are a normal part of rationality. D) Emotions are a constructive part of organizations.

What term is used for those emotions that an organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job? A) felt B) displayed C) conditional D) required E) mandated

What term is used for those who entered the United States workforce from the mid-1960s through the mid-1980s? A) Veterans B) Boomers C) Nexters D) Xers E) Traditionalists

What would be the predicted result of underpaying a piece-rate worker, according to equity theory? A) Quality will increase. B) Quantity will increase while quality will decrease. C) Quality will decrease. D) There will be no effect. E) The employee will seek a higher wage.

When Joe responds to his dissatisfaction with his job by discussing his problems with his manager, he is using which response? A) exit response. B) voice response. C) loyalty response. D) neglect response. E) performance response.

When customers "catch" employees' positive moods, they A) spend more money. B) shop longer. C) become more demanding. D) smile more often. E) negotiate better.

When effective leaders want to implement significant changes, they rely on the evocation of A) intelligence. B) emotions. C) values. D) ethics. E) financial rewards.

When managers are asked to describe their most frequent problems, they often describe ________ problems. A) technology B) people C) equipment D) time management E) location

When there is nothing in particular going on, an individual is likely to experience A) no mood. B) a mildly positive mood. C) a definite negative mood. D) impatience for activity. E) a mildly negative mood.

When union members express dissatisfaction through the grievance procedure, this allows them to continue in their jobs while convincing themselves they are acting to improve the situation. Which response is being used? A) exit response B) voice response C) loyalty response D) neglect response E) performance response

Whereas ________ focuses on differences among people from different countries, ________ addresses differences among people within given countries. A) workforce diversity; globalization B) globalization; workforce diversity C) culture; diversity D) culturalization; workforce diversity E) psychology; social psychology

Which IM technique appears to backfire on employees and lead to lower performance evaluations? A) ingratiation B) self-promotion C) conformity D) flattery E) association

Which IM technique may be the most important to interviewing success? A) ingratiation B) self-promotion C) conformity D) flattery E) association

Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others? A) conscientiousness B) agreeableness C) extraversion D) feeling E) emotional stability

Which influence tactic tends to work best as a downward influencing tactic with subordinates? A) pressure B) inspirational appeals C) ingratiation D) coalitions E) exchange

Which of Holland's personality types prefers activities that involve thinking and understanding? A) realistic B) investigative C) social D) conventional E) artistic

Which of the following conflict-handling intentions might involve attempting to find a win-win solution? A) avoiding B) collaborating C) accommodating D) compromising E) mollifying

Which of the following explains the usefulness of the systematic approach to the study of organizational behavior? A) Human behavior does not vary a great deal between individuals and situations. B) Human behavior is not random. C) Human behavior is not consistent. D) Human behavior is rarely predictable. E) Human behavior is often not sensible.

Which of the following generalizations about organizational structures and employee performance and satisfaction is most accurate? A) There is fairly strong evidence linking decentralization and job satisfaction. B) No evidence supports a relationship between span of control and employee performance. C) The evidence generally indicates that work specialization contributes to lower employee productivity. D) Employees dislike routine work that makes minimal intellectual demands. E) Large spans of control provide more distant supervision, thereby increasing employee productivity.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the mechanistic model? A) high specialization B) free flow of information C) centralization D) high formalization E) narrower spans of control

Which of the following is NOT cited as a culture that creates a breeding ground for politicking? A) cultures with unclear performance evaluation systems B) high trust cultures C) cultures with role ambiguity D) democratic decision-making cultures E) cultures with self-serving senior managers

Which of the following is NOT true? A) Organizations with more satisfied employees tend to be more effective than organizations with fewer satisfied employees. B) Making workers happy causes higher levels of productivity. C) Happy workers are likely to be productive workers. D) The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is no longer considered a myth. E) Job satisfaction is a determinant of OCB.

Which of the following is most likely to help Jerrod earn higher performance evaluations from his supervisors? A) apologies B) ingratiation C) excuses D) buffing E) self-promotion

Which of the following is not an example of an impression management technique? A) conformity B) capitulating C) flattery D) granting favors E) self-promotion

Which of the following is not considered to be a power tactic? A) coalitions B) substitution C) rational persuasion D) ingratiation E) legitimacy

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism? A) There is a consistent positive relationship between the two. B) There is a consistent, moderate negative relationship between the two. C) There is a curvilinear relationship between the two. D) When fairness is controlled for, there is a direct relationship between the two. E) No relationship can be established between the two.

Which of the following statements best describes the current status of organizational behavior concepts? A) They are based on universal truths. B) Since people are complex, the theories explaining their actions must also be complex. C) There is general consensus among OB researchers and scholars on the simple concepts that underlie most human behavior. D) The cause-effect principles that tend to apply to all situations have been discovered. E) Cause-and-effect relationships for most human behaviors have been isolated.

Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) People emotionally take their work home with them. B) A negative mood resulting from a bad day at work carries over to the next day. C) People who have a good day at work tend to be in better mood at home that evening. D) People who have a bad day at work tend to be in a bad mood at home that evening. E) People who have a stressful day at work tend to have trouble relaxing at home that evening.

Which of the following statements is not true about the difference between men and women when it comes to emotional reactions? A) Emotional differences between men and women are due to the different ways men and women have been socialized. B) Men express emotions more intensely than women. C) Women hold onto emotions longer than men. D) Women display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative emotions than men. E) Women experience emotions more intensely.

Which of the following theories was proposed by Douglas McGregor? A) Hierarchy of Needs Theory B) Theories X and Y C) Two-Factor Theory D) ERG Theory E) Expectancy Theory

Which of the following was NOT cited in the text as a change taking place in organizations? A) workers are more diverse B) the typical employee is younger C) more women are in the workplace D) corporate downsizing E) global competition

Which of the following would be considered a legitimate political behavior? A) sabotage B) bypassing the chain of command C) whistleblowing D) wearing protest buttons E) groups of employees simultaneously calling in sick

Which organizational structure still dominates in many parts of Europe and Asia? A) simple structure B) bureaucracy C) virtual organization D) boundaryless organization E) matrix

Which power tactic tends to be the most effective across all organizational levels? A) personal appeals B) rational persuasion C) ingratiation D) legitimacy E) pressure

Which source of formal power can actually backfire? A) reward B) coercive C) expert D) referent E) legitimate

You have decided to hire other organizations to perform many of the basic functions of your business. You have hired an accounting firm to keep your records, a recruiting firm to handle human resource functions, and a computer firm to handle all records. To keep costs down, you are looking for other areas in which to outsource operations. You have chosen to operate your business as a ________. A) matrix organization B) virtual organization C) team structure D) boundaryless structure E) organizational pyramid

Your church is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who is working for minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy and works because he enjoys it. Jane is single, 45 years old and has few interests outside of the office. You have decided to attempt to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. According to Maslow, which of the following do you think would motivate Jonathan the most? A) physiological needs B) higher-order needs C) lower-order needs D) none since he is wealthy E) the need for achievement

Your church is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who is working for minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy and works because he enjoys it. Jane is single, 45 years old and has few interests outside of the office. You have decided to attempt to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. You would expect that Jane is trying to satisfy her ________ needs. A) social B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization E) psychophysical

Your colleagues at work are constantly talking about the vice president in your region. He is perceived throughout the organization as a ruthless man who is not to be antagonized. It is necessary for you to bring him a report, and you are very nervous about having to deal with him. The vice president's major base of power seems to be ________. A) reward B) coercive C) referent D) expert E) personal

________ power is based on an individual's position in an organization. A) Leadership B) Formal C) Informal D) Influential E) Static

28) Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting? A) an attorney who spends most of her time researching on the computer B) a writer of copy for an advertising firm C) a car salesman who demonstrates the features of a new model of car D) a telemarketer who uses the phone to contact clients E) a product support specialist who fields calls from irate customers

33) Allison has just presented her paper and has done an excellent job. Why should you not want to present your own paper directly after she does? A) to avoid the stereotyping effect B) to avoid the halo effect C) to avoid the contrast effect D) to avoid the projection effect E) to avoid the ultimate attribution error

38) What is participative management? A) a method of management where subordinates make corporate decisions and management helps carry out those decisions B) a method of management where upper management participates in the organization's strategic planning C) a method of management where subordinates share a degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors D) a method of management where low-level workers meet occasionally with the CEO to discuss problems within their department E) a method of management where low-level workers are responsible for making corporate policy decisions

42) Research studies conducted on the participation-performance relationship show that the use of participation ________. A) enhances job satisfaction B) increases motivation C) has only a modest influence on employee productivity D) greatly influences employee attitudes E) lowers costs considerably

5) David has the opinion that people who drive SUVs are dangerous drivers. He often perceives that people driving SUVs are doing so in a dangerous manner, even when other observers can see nothing wrong with the behavior of the SUV drivers. What factor in David is affecting his perception in this case? A) his interests B) his experiences C) his expectations D) his motives E) his background

5) The key characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision is termed ________. A) accuracy orientation B) accountability C) attention to detail D) stability E) reactivity

50) Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is, they operate within the confines of ________. A) optimal decision making B) intuitive decision making C) bounded rationality D) rationality E) common sense

56) Which of the following conditions would probably not lead to intuitive decision making? A) Time is limited and there is pressure to come up with the right decision. B) Facts don't clearly point the way to go. C) There is a high level of certainty. D) There are several plausible solutions from which to choose. E) People are feeling pressured to make a decision.

58) What is the term used for a pay plan where pay levels are based on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do? A) a variable pay plan B) flexible pay C) competency-based pay D) gainsharing E) ISOP

62) Which of the following is not a downside of skill-based pay? A) People can "top out." B) Skills can become obsolete. C) Ambitious people can confront minimal advancement opportunities. D) People are paid for acquiring skills for which there is no immediate need. E) It doesn't address the level of performance.

69) You are the manager of a development group in a large computer software company. You have decided that it is important for your group to understand the many ways that ethical decisions can be made and you are designing a training program on the subject of ethics. You want to teach the decision criterion that currently dominates business decision-making. If you wish to emphasize the importance of making decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges, the focus of your teaching will also be on which of the following? A) utilitarianism B) justice C) rights D) privilege E) service

78) Employee recognition programs are consistent with which of the following? A) goal setting theory B) cognitive evaluation theory C) reinforcement theory D) expectancy theory E) Marxist theory

8) If a manager attributes an employee's reasons for being late to internally caused behaviors, the manager A) would see the the employee as having been forced into being late by the situation. B) might attribute the employee's lateness to construction that tied up traffic on the road this employee regularly travels. C) might attribute the employee's lateness to partying the night before and then oversleeping. D) might attribute the lateness to outside causes. E) all of the above.

According to expectancy theory, the degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual is known as what sort of relationship. A) performance-reward B) effort-performance C) rewards-personal goals D) effort-satisfaction E) performance-achievement

According to the interactionist view, it may be appropriate to A) eliminate all conflict. B) avoid all conflict. C) encourage functional conflict. D) create anti-conflict cultures. E) reward conflict avoiders.

As the CEO of a corporation, you have learned to understand the role of emotional intelligence in the workplace. You have worked hard to develop emotional intelligence in your vice-presidents, but believe that some are still struggling. Clem, who is the V.P. of Marketing, has driven his department to new successes in sales, but also by driving them so hard has created new records of turnover of employees. Clem seems to lack the ability to sense how others are feeling. Based on these observations, you would say that Clem is lacking in ________. A) self-awareness B) self-management C) empathy D) social skills E) self-motivation

Catherine and Bernice are faculty members at a local college who feel very differently about their academic dean. Catherine believes that he is always engaging in political activity that is not in the best interests of the college. She describes him as a man who passes the buck and who is scheming and arrogant. Bernice believes that the dean is an effective manager. Behaviors that Catherine views as "over-conforming" are probably viewed by Bernice as A) competent. B) responsible. C) being mindful of the rules . D) practical-minded. E) astute.

Catherine and Bernice are faculty members at a local college who feel very differently about their academic dean. Catherine believes that he is always engaging in political activity that is not in the best interests of the college. She describes him as a man who passes the buck and who is scheming and arrogant. Bernice believes that the dean is an effective manager. Bernice's effective management label for Catherine's phrase "justifying" is probably A) distributing rewards. B) establishing expertise. C) apologizing. D) displaying charisma. E) fixing responsibility.

Contemporary research in equity theory focuses on ________ justice. A) interpersonal B) distributive C) organizational D) procedural E) interactional

Contributions of psychology to the OB discipline include A) organizational change. B) formal organizational technology. C) work stress. D) power. E) comparative values

Erin works on a software help desk. After being yelled at by a customer about the state of her company's software, she becomes angry, and has to take a short break to calm down. What makes her anger an emotion, rather than a mood? A) It is a simple, unambiguous feeling. B) It interferes with her capacity to work effectively. C) It has a contextual stimulus. D) It can be controlled given some time. E) It cannot be controlled when it is elicited.

Evidence of temporariness is seen in all of the following EXCEPT A) jobs are continually being redesigned. B) companies are relying more on temporary workers. C) the time horizon for a sustainable competitive advantage is getting shorter. D) pensions are being redesigned to move with people as they change jobs. E) tasks are increasingly being done by flexible teams rather than individuals.

Evidence suggests that job satisfaction A) creates productive workers. B) is unrelated to performance. C) is the major determinant of a worker's OCB. D) is unrelated to fairness of outcomes, treatments or procedures. E) is caused by high pay.

How does McClelland define the need for affiliation? A) drive to excel, to strive to succeed. B) need to make others behave in a novel way C) desire for friendship and close interpersonal relationships D) same as Maslow's social need

How would you describe an individual who is not capable of presenting striking contradictions between who they are in public and who they are privately and does not pay close attention to the behavior of others? A) low Mach B) high Mach C) low self-monitoring D) high self-monitoring E) narcissistic

If a job is highly formalized, it would not include which of the following? A) clearly defined procedures on work processes B) explicit job description C) high employee job discretion D) a large number of organizational rules E) a consistent and uniform output

If no one is aware of conflict, it is generally agreed that ________. A) employee-employer relations will be good B) conflict is subversive C) no conflict exists D) conflict is inevitable E) conflict is psychologically driven as opposed to physically manifest

If there is low formalization, a comprehensive information network, and high participation in decision making, one would expect a(n) ________ structure. A) simple B) mechanistic C) organic D) stable E) matrix

If you have a narrow span of control, you have a(n) ________ organization. A) efficient B) short C) tall D) matrix E) fat

In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement your intuitive opinions with information derived in what fashion? A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic inquiry D) speculation E) organizational theory

In the late 1940s, most manufacturing jobs in industrialized countries were being done with high ________. A) departmentalization B) decentralization C) work specialization D) structuralization E) generalized structure

James approaches his supervisor with data and a logical presentation supporting his request for additional personnel. He is using ________. A) consultation B) legitimacy C) rational persuasion D) informational power E) exchange

James is an employee whose job it is to proofread legal documents. He is paid by the number of documents that he proofs. He discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and performances are very similar. What is likely to be his reaction to this discovery according to equity theory? A) The quantity of documents he proofreads will decrease. B) The quality of documents he proofreads will decrease. C) The quality of documents he proofreads will increase. D) He will seek a position within the company commensurate with his pay. E) There will be no effect.

Jerrod is relatively new to Xenon Corporation and wants to make sure that he makes a good impression on his coworkers and supervisor. He agrees with the supervisor's opinion most of the time and is always doing nice things for him. Jerrod makes sure that he associates with the "right" people and is constantly complimenting others about their good work. Jerrod is engaging in all of the following impression management techniques except A) conformity. B) flattery. C) excuses. D) association. E) favors.

Leaders achieve goals, and power is ________. A) defined by leaders' hopes and aspirations B) usually used by poor leaders C) a means of achieving goals D) a goal in and of itself E) a strong influence on leaders' goals

Lensmasters, a U.S. company that produces high quality optical systems for survey equipment, has decided to expand its operations by opening plants in low-wage countries in Southern Asia. If this proves successful, it plans to reduce its U.S. manufacturing capacity and move more of its production offshore. Managers at Lensmasters are least likely to find their jobs changing in which of the following ways due to these changes? A) They will have to adapt their management style to other cultures. B) They will have to anticipate an increased number of foreign assignments. C) They will need to anticipate paying much higher wages to employees outside the US. D) They will need to plan to shift knowledge work to lower-wage companies. E) They will need to manage the fears of terrorism of employees remaining in the United States.

Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________. A) behavior; job satisfaction B) behavior; attitude C) attitudes; behavior D) attitudes; job satisfaction E) job satisfaction; behavior

Maslow's hierarchy has five levels of needs. Which of the following is not one of those levels? A) safety needs B) social needs C) animal needs D) self-actualization needs E) physiological needs

Monica is majoring in interior design. Her personality type is "realistic" according to Holland's Typology. Which of the following statements is correct? A) Monica's personality type is well-suited to her major. B) Monica is better suited to be a bank teller. C) Interior design is incongruent with her personality type. D) Interior design is congruent with a "social" personality type. E) Monica prefers activities that do not require strength.

Motivation is best defined as a process that ________. A) results in a level of effort B) intensifies an individual's efforts C) accounts for an individual's efforts toward attaining a goal D) meets an individual's needs E) stabilizes over time

Of the following, the best predictor of turnover is ________. A) job satisfaction B) job involvement C) affective commitment D) cognitive dissonance E) affective dissonance

One of the departments in Jennifer's organization has almost no conflict. In observing this department, which of the following is Jennifer least likely to observe in this department? A) The members of the department have difficulty responding to change. B) The group often makes decisions based on weak assumptions. C) The group thoroughly considers relevant alternatives when making policy decisions. D) The members of the department rarely reassess the department's goals. E) Individuals within the department don't usually question the decisions of their managers.

One of the most important and broad-based challenges facing organizations today is A) going global. B) containing costs. C) adapting to people who are different. D) developing people. E) winning the war for talent.

Organizations that promote positive moods at work are likely to A) be less creative. B) be less relaxed. C) have a more motivated workforce. D) have lower expectations of success. E) not work as hard.

Over the past two decades, business schools have added required courses on people skills to many of their curricula. Why have they done this? A) Managers no longer need technical skills in subjects such as economics and accounting to succeed. B) There is an increased emphasis in controlling employee behavior in the workplace. C) Managers need to understand human behavior if they are to be effective. D) These skills enable managers to effectively lead human resources departments. E) A manager with good people skills can help create a pleasant workplace.

People who feel negative emotions A) score high in EI. B) score low in EI. C) are more likely to engage in deviant behavior at work. D) are more creative. E) are more popular.

Personal power is generally perceived as a result of all the following EXCEPT A) expertise B) charisma C) legitimate authority D) admiration E) skill

Political activity is probably more a function of ________ than of ________. A) management's example; the organization's characteristics B) management's example; individual difference variables C) the organization's characteristics; individual difference variables D) individual difference variables; management's example E) individual difference variables; the organization's characteristics

Research suggests which of the following is the most effective source of power? A) formal B) coercive C) personal D) reward E) legitimate

Situations where an individual is required to define right and wrong conduct are termed ________. A) diversity issues B) human resource problems C) ethical dilemmas D) loyalty situations E) social puzzles

Some individuals promote their image by describing others with whom they are associated in a positive light. These individuals are using the impression management technique of ________. A) conformity B) flattery C) association D) self-promotion E) attribution denial

Survey results highlighting the discrepancy between employee morale as perceived by management and employees themselves suggests that managers need to A) do more to improve employee morale. B) administer salary surveys more frequently. C) care about job satisfaction and then measure it rather than assuming everything is fine. D) treat employee better. E) all of the above.

The "realistic" personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations would be well suited for which of the following jobs? A) painter B) accountant C) mechanic D) lawyer E) biologist

The "social" personality from Holland's typology of personality would be well suited for which of the following jobs? A) assembly-line worker B) economist C) teacher D) bank teller E) lawyer

The ________ structure violates the unity of command concept. A) simple B) virtual C) matrix D) team E) web

The categories of causes or sources of conflict include all of the following EXCEPT A) communication. B) structure. C) group interaction. D) personal variables. E) none of the above.

The degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being is known as A) employee engagement. B) job involvement. C) perceived organizational support. D) job satisfaction.

The first stage of the conflict process is known as A) cognition and personalization. B) behavioral manifestation. C) potential opposition or incompatibility. D) intention. E) habituation.

The gender differentiation cultural dimension identified by GLOBE is the equivalent of which of Hofstede's dimensions? A) power distance B) uncertainty avoidance C) masculinity-femininity D) future orientation E) individualism-collectivism

The highest levels of job satisfaction have been reported in A) Japan. B) all the collectivist cultures. C) the U.S. and western Europe. D) western Europe. E) most of Asia.

The idea of "youthful exuberance" with young people experiencing more extreme, positive emotions than older people A) is only true to a point. B) is not true since negative emotions occur more frequently in young people. C) is not true; research shows periods of highly positive moods lasted longer for older people and bad moods faded more quickly. D) is definitely true. E) has not been researched.

The major advantage of the virtual organization is its ________. A) control B) predictability C) flexibility D) empowerment E) complexity

The more a person has invested in the organization, the more that person has to lose if forced out and therefore, is less likely to use A) their power. B) politics. C) illegitimate means. D) defensive behavior. E) all of the above

The most recent entrants to the United States workforce are ________. A) Veterans B) Boomers C) Nexters D) Xers E) Traditionalists

The two general approaches to bargaining are known as ________. A) emotional and rational B) affective and reflective C) distributive and integrative D) formal and informal E) legal and restrictive

The unity-of-command principle states which of the following? A) Managers should limit their oversight to a maximum of 12 employees. B) Managers should oversee 1-4 employees on average. C) An individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor. D) Managers should provide direction to their employees in a unified fashion. E) Employees should report directly to two supervisors to maintain task balance.

Thomas also attempts to project an image of competence and thoroughness by rigorously documenting all of his activity. This defensive behavior is termed A) justifying. B) playing safe. C) buffing. D) scapegoating. E) misrepresenting.

Thomas has decided that in general, his best defense is to focus on behaviors that enable him to avoid blame. Which of the following behaviors is he most likely to engage in? A) overconforming B) playing dumb C) scapegoating D) prevention E) stalling

To focus on building a service-oriented business, companies might do all of the following EXCEPT A) hire upbeat, friendly employees. B) provide training in customer service. C) conduct external pay surveys. D) reward customer service. E) track employee satisfaction through attitude surveys.

Today's successful organizations must do all of the following EXCEPT A) foster innovation. B) master the art of change. C) continue doing what they have been for years that made them successful. D) continually improve their quality. E) maintain their flexibility.

Unlike leadership research, research on power tends to focus on ________. A) individual styles in using power B) strategies for goal attainment C) tactics for gaining compliance D) the administration of rewards E) the effective use of threats

Vivian has not been handling one portion of her duties in a satisfactory manner. As a result, her manager threatens to withhold her promotion. Which power tactic is being used? A) exchange B) ingratiation C) pressure D) personal appeals E) inspirational appeals

What cohort of workers values loyalty to both self and relationships? A) Veterans B) Boomers C) Nexters D) Xers E) Traditionalists

What is the measure of the extent to which people in a country accept the fact that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally? A) caste acceptance B) collectivism C) power distance D) masculinity E) rigidity

What is the primary organizational factor that satisfies people's physiological needs? A) their relationships with co-workers B) recognition C) pay D) admiration E) their position within the organization

What is the term used for an individual's personal evaluation of their ability to perform? A) expectancy B) autonomy C) self-efficacy D) task identity E) auto-discrimination

What term is used for feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions? A) affect B) cognition C) moods D) thoughts E) emotions

When "yes" people are hired and promoted, ________ outcomes are likely to result. A) improved organizational B) functional C) dysfunctional D) enhanced policy E) harmonious

When Sal says, "This is the way we've always done it," he is using the defensive behavior known as A) buck passing. B) playing dumb. C) over-conforming. D) stretching. E) stalling.

When employees in organizations convert their power into action, they are engaged in ________. A) influence B) IM C) politics D) power techniques E) power tactics

When people perceive an imbalance in their outcome-input ratio relative to others, ________. A) reinforcement theory is imbalanced B) expectancy theory is violated C) equity tension is created D) distributive justice is questioned E) they seek to move to another position of authority

When your work group disagrees, the disagreements usually concern how the group's work should be accomplished. The type of conflict experienced by your group is A) task conflict. B) relationship conflict. C) process conflict. D) traditional conflict. E) reactive conflict.

Which behavioral science discipline is most focused on understanding individual behavior? A) sociology B) social psychology C) psychology D) anthropology E) organizational behavior

Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability? A) extraversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) feeling E) emotional stability

Which factors in the reward allocation process are likely to increase the likelihood that an employee will be motivated to engage in politicking? A) the use of objective criteria in the appraisal B) use of several outcome measures C) a zero-sum approach D) clear criteria E) all of the above

Which of the following behaviors is most likely to be exhibited in someone with a Type A personality? A) highly creative B) enjoys leisure and quiet time alone C) feels impatient with the rate of most events D) concentrates on one task at a time E) takes long lunches and plays pool

Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by GLOBE does not have an equivalent in Hofstede? A) future orientation B) power distance C) performance orientation D) individualism/collectivism E) gender differentiation

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the essentially universal emotions? A) anger B) fear C) grief D) sadness E) disgust

Which of the following is a behavior that would most likely be exhibited by a Theory X manager? A) She lets her employees choose their own goals. B) She trusts her employees to use discretion in most matters. C) She strictly controls the details of any project she is managing. D) She delegates authority extensively to junior managers. E) She honestly informs her employees of the likelihood that they will lose their jobs.

Which of the following is a drawback of a narrow span of control? It ________. A) reduces effectiveness B) is more efficient C) encourages overly tight supervision and discourages employee autonomy D) empowers employees E) increases participatory decision-making

Which of the following is a not a criticism of the two-factor theory? A) No overall measure of satisfaction is utilized. B) The research methodology does not examine productivity. C) The theory is inconsistent with previous research and lacks broad appeal. D) The system used by raters is too rigid and not open to interpretation. E) He assumed a strong relationship between satisfaction and productivity, but the research methodology examined only satisfaction.

Which of the following is a predictor of deviant behaviors in the workplace? A) turnover B) absenteeism C) dissatisfaction D) loyalty E) job involvement

Which of the following is most likely to be a belief held by a successful manager? A) Technical knowledge is all that is needed for success. B) It is not essential to have sound interpersonal skills. C) Technical skills are necessary, but insufficient alone for success. D) Effectiveness is not impacted by human behavior. E) Technical skills do not influence efficiency.

Which of the following is not a common organizational design? A) simple structure B) bureaucracy C) centralized structure D) matrix structure E) all of the above

Which of the following is not a determinant of an organization's structure? A) strategy B) organization size C) size of revenues D) technology E) environment

Which of the following is not an ingredient common to all MBO programs? A) an explicit time period B) participative decision making C) consistent monetary rewards D) performance feedback E) goal specificity

Which of the following is not considered one of the potential sources of conflict? A) too much communication B) jurisdictional ambiguity C) value similarities D) group size E) too little communication

Which of the following is not included in the Big Five model? A) agreeableness B) conscientiousness C) intuitiveness D) emotional stability E) extraversion

Which of the following is not part of an organization's environment? A) public pressure groups B) customers C) employees D) competitors E) government regulatory agencies

Which of the following is not true about emotions? A) There are differences between moods and emotions. B) Emotions can be clearly revealed with facial expressions. C) Emotions are more cognitive than moods. D) Emotions can affect moods. E) Moods can affect emotions

Which of the following is not true about the two-factor theory? A) Working conditions are characterized as hygiene factors. B) Intrinsic factors are motivators. C) A job becomes satisfying when the dissatisfying characteristics are removed. D) Responsibility is a satisfier. E) Hygiene factors are demotivators.

Which of the following is not true concerning cultural influences impacting emotions? A) Cultural factors influence what is or isn't considered as emotionally appropriate. B) What's acceptable in one culture may seem unusual or even dysfunctional in another. C) All cultures agree on the value they give to emotions. D) There tends to be high agreement on what emotions mean within cultures. E) Culture dictates how we construe emotional displays.

Which of the following is not true of extraverts? A) Extraverts tend to be happier in their jobs and in their lives as a whole than intraverts. B) Extraverts experience more positive emotions than introverts. C) Extraverts less freely express their positive emotions than do introverts. D) Extraverts have more friends than introverts.

Which of the following is not true? A) The more an organization's culture emphasizes zero-sum reward allocations, the more employees will be motivated to engage in politicking. B) The more pressure that employees feel to perform well, the more likely they are to engage in politicking. C) The more growth stability a company demonstrates, the more likely its employees are to engage in politicking. D) The greater the role ambiguity within a company, the more its employees can engage in political activity with little chance of it being visible. E) The greater the opportunity for promotion or advancement within a company, the more employees will compete to positively influence outcomes.

Which of the following is one of the relationships proposed in expectancy theory? A) reward-satisfaction relationship B) satisfaction-performance relationship C) rewards-personal goals relationship D) effort-satisfaction relationship E) performance-achievement relationship

Which of the following is true of people with a Type A personality? A) They tend to be more successful than people with a Type B personality. B) They play for fun and relaxation. C) They tend to emphasize quantity over quality. D) They generally feel little need to discuss their achievements. E) They are generally content with their place in the world.

Which of the following is true regarding organizations that establish wide spans of control? A) At some point, employee performance increases substantially. B) At some point, supervisors become more efficient at providing support. C) At some point, wider spans of control reduce effectiveness. D) At some point, the organization becomes more formalized. E) At some point, the number of managers in the organization decreases.

Which of the following motivation concepts clearly has an American bias? A) need for power B) need for affiliation C) need for achievement D) social needs E) need for association

Which of the following statements about low self-monitors is true? A) They have a low behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do. B) They tend to rate their performance much more highly than do outside observers. C) They tend to pay less attention to the behavior of others than high self-monitors. D) They usually receive high performance ratings. E) They tend to thrive in areas that require them to take risks.

Which of the following statements about personality is correct? A) Personality is always stable. B) Personality is a part of a person. C) Personality is an aggregate whole. D) Personality is for the most part comprised of traits that cannot be measured. E) Personality is the primary source of emotions in most people.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about exercise? A) Exercise enhances people's positive mood. B) The therapeutic effects of exercise are strongest for those who are depressed. C) A little exercise can have dramatic effects on mood. D) "Sweat therapy" works. E) Exercise may help put you in a better mood.

Which of the following statements is true of the GLOBE project? A) The GLOBE dimensions replaced Hofstede's work. B) The GLOBE project confirmed that Hofstede's dimensions are no longer valid. C) The GLOBE dimensions have confirmed Hofstede's work. D) The GLOBE framework recognizes that a country's cultural values do not change. E) It is not expected that future cross-cultural studies will use the GLOBE dimensions to assess differences between countries.

Which of the following statements would have been most likely made by an employee with a high degree of job involvement? A) "My skills make me exceptionally valuable to the company." B) "I'm a harder worker than most of my colleagues, even to the degree I am carrying some of the lazier ones." C) "It felt great to get promoted; I guess the guys upstairs really did appreciate the way I had been running things." D) "I love my job, it is engaging, well-paid, and low pressure enough that I don't have to be always worrying about it in my time off." E) "I enjoy working with my hands, so much so that on the days when my job requires me to actually physically build something time flies by without me even noticing it."

Which of the following terms best describes people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs? A) Type A personalities B) high self-esteem C) proactive personalities D) high conscientiousness E) high Mach

Which of the following types of power requires acceptance of the leader's authority by members of the organization? A) personal B) organizational C) legitimate D) positional E) balanced

Which one of the following dichotomies of organizational structure specifically defines where decisions are made? A) complexity/simplicity B) formalization/informalization C) centralization/decentralization D) specialization/enlargement E) affectivity/reflexivity

Which one of the following statements is true about the six personality types developed in Holland's personality-job fit theory? Each of the six types has a ________. A) supplemental personality style B) congruent personality style C) congruent occupation D) supplemental occupational environment E) supplemental skill set

Which one of the following views on conflict prevailed in the 1930s and 1940s and may be considered outmoded today? A) human relations B) interactionist C) traditional D) functional E) asymptotic

Which response is demonstrated when Joe speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them? A) exit response B) voice response C) loyalty response D) neglect response E) performance response

Who sets MBO objectives? A) the boss B) the boss and immediate subordinates C) they are set jointly by superior and subordinate D) the employees performing the task in question E) each working division in cooperation with management

You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. You should expect that the faculty member from ________ will probably contribute information about leadership effectiveness and job satisfaction. A) sociology B) social psychology C) psychology D) anthropology E) industrial engineering

You decide to do more research on the view that conflict should be encouraged as a means to achieve change and innovation. This view is termed A) the traditional view. B) the human relations view. C) the interactionist view. D) the acceptance view. E) the promotional view.

You extol the virtues and benefits of standardization. You are probably promoting the ________. A) matrix structure B) simple structure C) bureaucracy D) team structure E) organizational pyramid

You graduated from college two years ago and began working at Hampstead Electronics. You have received good performance evaluations and a raise. You just found out that a recent college graduate with no experience has been hired at a higher salary than you are now making. Your referent comparison (the recent college graduate) for equity theory is termed ________. A) self-inside B) self-outside C) other-inside D) other-outside E) inside-outside

You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe scores high in the need for achievement, Mary scores high in the need for power, and Tim scores high in the need for affiliation. Sarah scored high in the need for power and low in the need for affiliation. Doug scores low in both need for power and need for affiliation. Which employee would be best suited as a mentor to new employees with a chance to develop friendships? A) Joe B) Mary C) Tim D) Sarah E) Doug

You wish to predict how strong organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is in each of your employees. Which of the five facets of personality will probably be of the most interest in this case? A) extraversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) intellect

Your church is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who is working for minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy and works because he enjoys it. Jane is single, 45 years old and has few interests outside of the office. You have decided to attempt to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals. What is the need that you would expect that Mary is trying to satisfy? A) social B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization E) alter-actualization

Your company decides to establish southern, Midwestern, western, and eastern zones of operation. Based on this expansion, you decide to implement ________ departmentalization. A) area B) customer C) geography D) regional E) matrix

Your fellow employees have a terrible work situation. They work in an old, run-down building with an antiquated heating system. The work itself is tedious and the supervisor is rarely available and only shows up to give reprimands for production shortfalls. Nobody has received a promotion in two years. The work is boring, repetitious, and unrewarding. You have decided to try to apply Herzberg's two-factor theory. What would be the action that could be taken that would probably most motivate the employees? A) improvement in working conditions B) fixing the heating system C) receiving recognition for a job well done D) having the supervisor "hang around" more to closely monitor their work E) a greater reliance on punishment for poor performance

Your fellow employees have a terrible work situation. They work in an old, run-down building with an antiquated heating system. The work itself is tedious and the supervisor is rarely available and only shows up to give reprimands for production shortfalls. Nobody has received a promotion in two years. The work is boring, repetitious, and unrewarding. You have decided to try to apply Herzberg's two-factor theory. Which of the following statements would likely be true? A) When the working conditions are improved, employees will be satisfied. B) The relationship with the supervisor is a motivation factor. C) Fixing the conditions that make the employees dissatisfied will not make them satisfied - only not dissatisfied. D) Employees are dissatisfied due to lack of recognition. E) The major reason for dissatisfaction is probably the nature of the work itself.

________ conflict supports the goals of the group and improves its performance. A) Formal B) Informal C) Functional D) Dysfunctional E) Reactive

________ conflicts are almost always dysfunctional. A) Task B) Job C) Relationship D) Process E) Personal

________ is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness. A) Organizational development B) Human Resources Management C) Organizational behavior D) People management E) Corporate strategy

________ power is based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits. A) Associational B) Legitimate C) Referent D) Personal E) Source

24) Allied General Hospital employs many individuals and has decided to try to increase motivation through job redesign and flexible scheduling. You have been hired as a consultant to help them design and implement the programs. Members of the nighttime janitorial staff are generally low skilled and would probably be motivated by ________. A) job enrichment B) flexible work schedules C) job enlargement D) all of the above E) none of the above

46) Sarah is responsible for purchasing a new computer system for her department. Given the significant financial investment, Sarah has decided to use the rational decision-making model. What is Sarah doing when she looks at all of the possible computer systems, sees how well that system meets the weighted criteria and then selects the alternative with the highest total score? A) identifying decision criteria B) defining the problem C) rating each alternative on each criterion D) computing the optimal decision E) modifying her decision criteria

61) Amalgamated Industries manufactures parts for furniture. Management has decided to change the method of payment to a skill-based plan. You are interested in increasing your current compensation and see this as an opportunity. Which of the following may be a disadvantage of introducing this type of pay plan? A) Employees will become less motivated. B) Employees will become more specialized. C) Employees will tend not to work as hard as before. D) Your employer may pay for skills that they aren't using. E) Your employer will have less control over what each employee does.

62) When you start to work through the problems that you discover about the organization, you move into the ________ stage of socialization. A) prearrival B) encounter C) acceptance D) metamorphosis E) refreezing

63) Employee attitudes and behavior change during the ________ stage of socialization. A) establishment B) transformation C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) prearrival

64) New employees are usually comfortable with their organizations by the end of the ________ stage of socialization. A) encounter B) exploration C) establishment D) metamorphosis E) adaptation

65) All of the following are considered organizational constraints on managerial decision making EXCEPT A) performance evaluation criteria B) reward systems C) historical precedents D) lack of deadlines

7) What is the theory that suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused? A) Behavioral Theory B) Judgment Theory C) Selective Perception Theory D) Attribution Theory E) Equality Theory

74) All of the following are examples of rituals EXCEPT ________. A) anniversary parties honoring long-time employees B) annual award meetings C) fraternity initiations D) the placement of offices within corporate headquarters E) singing company songs

78) A highly publicized example of a company with a strong culture that supports high ethical standards that influenced employee behavior in a crisis is A) Enron. B) Disney. C) Johnson & Johnson. D) Boeing. E) American Airlines.

A study of the EU found which of the Big Five personality factors was a valid predictor of performance across jobs and occupational groups? A) agreeableness B) extraversion C) openness to experience D) conscientiousness

Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based

Anthropology's major contribution to the field of organizational behavior has been primarily at what level of analysis? A) micro level B) group level C) individual level D) organization level

Astute corporate executives use emotional content to get employees to buy into A) their job responsibilities. B) unethical requests. C) overtime. D) their vision of the company's future. E) downsizing.

Employees today are A) expressing increased confidence in management. B) expressing increased trust in management. C) increasingly certain about what constitutes appropriate ethical behavior. D) increasingly uncertain about what constitutes appropriate ethical behavior. E) using fewer excuses for engaging in unethical behavior.

Encouraging group leaders to maintain an ongoing minimum level of conflict is part of the ________ view of conflict. A) functional B) traditional C) human relations D) interactionist E) conjunctivist

Gloria thinks that she is paid less than other workers in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wasting time. Her actions were a result of her perceiving what kind of injustice? A) interactive B) interpersonal C) procedural D) distributive E) interactional

Group behavior, power, and conflict are central areas of study for ________. A) archaeologists B) sociologists C) anthropologists D) social psychologists E) operations analysts

Hans derives a great sense of belongingness, acceptance and friendship from his relationships with his extended family. Which of Maslow's needs is Hans fulfilling through these relationships? A) lower-order B) self-actualization C) esteem D) social E) physiological

If Thomas wishes to avoid change at work, he will most likely ________. A) share resources B) overachieve C) build coalitions D) guard information E) divide alliances

In a study examining nonverbal negotiation tactics, which culture was found to make more physical contact? A) Americans B) Canadians C) Japanese D) Brazilians E) Russians

In what way are Theory X and Theory Y managers alike? A) They are skeptical about their employees' ability to operate independently. B) They have a negative view of human behavior. C) They acknowledge that people in the workplace are mostly motivated by higher-order needs. D) Their behavior follows their assumptions. E) They both motivate their workers in the optimal way given the conditions within their workplace.

James has been described as an agreeable individual. He is better liked on the job and is less likely to engage in organizational deviance. What would we expect to be associated with his agreeableness? A) He will be happier than a disagreeable person - but only slightly more B) He will likely choose other agreeable individuals as members of his team. C) He will probably be a poorer negotiator and experience lower levels of career success. D) All of the above.

Jerrod is relatively new to Xenon Corporation and wants to make sure that he makes a good impression on his coworkers and supervisor. He agrees with the supervisor's opinion most of the time and is always doing nice things for him. Jerrod makes sure that he associates with the "right" people and is constantly complimenting others about their good work. Jerrod is engaging in which of the following impression management techniques? A) mirroring B) acclaiming C) groveling D) conformity E) apologizing

Joe comes to you with a request for funds for a project. He reminds you that company policy supports his position. He is using the tactic of ________. A) coalitions B) consultation C) rational persuasion D) legitimacy E) pressure

Last month, Jennifer's department experienced constructive conflict during a meeting. Which of the following is not an outcome of this functional conflict? A) The quality of decisions is improved. B) Creativity and innovation are stimulated. C) Tensions are released. D) Groupthink is increased. E) Interest and curiosity are encouraged.

Managing diversity A) is an issue just for the United States. B) is not an issue in Canada. C) is not an issue in Japan. D) has become a global concern. E) is not a business issue

Rachael hopes to increase her positive mood. Which activity is most likely to have the greatest positive impact? A) attending a meeting B) watching tv with friends C) going to a move alone D) hiking with friends E) reading a good book

Sleep quality A) affects mood. B) impacts decision making. C) impacts an individual's ability to control emotions. D) all of the above.

Some researchers doubt the existence of emotional intelligence. Which of the following is an argument they use against it? A) EI assumes that decisions made emotively are superior to those made dispassionately. B) Emotions cannot be measured by testing as can be done for personality or intelligence. C) The tests used to measure EI are too simplistic in what they define as right and wrong answers. D) The concept of EI is so broad and variegated as to render it effectively meaningless. E) People with high EI appear to be high performers in the eyes of others rather than in reality.

Surface acting deals only with ________ emotions. A) negative B) weak C) strong D) displayed E) felt

The director of leadership at MIT's Sloan School of Management said that technical skills may be enough to get MBA students by in their first few years of employment, but then ________ skills distinguish those whose careers soar. A) quantitative B) economic C) accounting and finance D) leadership and communication E) computer

The human relations view of conflict advocates ________ conflict. A) encouraging B) open communication for resolving C) group therapy for resolving D) acceptance of E) rejection of

The issue of whether or not intrinsic and extrinsic motivators are independent is considered in which theory? A) expectancy B) reinforcement C) equity D) cognitive evaluation E) two-factor

The key to good decision making is to employ A) thinking. B) feeling. C) rationality. D) thinking and feeling. E) speed.

The science that focuses on the influence people have on one another is ________. A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) social psychology E) archaeology

Two managers are talking about how they get the best out of their employees: Jo: "I tell my employees that times are tough and there is no way of telling when the guys in head office might try to downsize. Let me tell you, a bit of fear keeps them focused on the task at hand." Chris: "I tell them that head office is making them more responsible for deciding how to do their work. The increased sense of ownership they have makes productivity go way up." How would these managers be best characterized by Douglas McGregor? A) Both hold Theory X assumptions. B) Both hold Theory Y assumptions. C) Chris holds Theory X assumptions; Jo holds Theory Y assumptions. D) Jo holds Theory X assumptions; Chris holds Theory Y assumptions. E) The statements would not indicate that either manager is predisposed to either Theory X or Theory Y assumptions.

What effect does stress typically have on mood? A) short-term positive B) long-term positive C) short-term positive but long-term negative D) negative E) small and insignificant

What is the primary reason many large companies such as Sears and Boeing have implemented cost-cutting programs and eliminated thousands of jobs? A) to expand globally B) to win the war for talent C) to become lean and mean D) to avoid going broke E) to merge with another company

What is the term used to describe those members of the population whose lives have been shaped by globalization, MTV, AIDS, and computers; and who value flexibility, life options, and the achievement of job satisfaction? A) veterans B) boomers C) nexters D) Xers E) hexers

When Jennifer asks for Jim's compliance on her new initiative based on their long friendship, which influence tactic is she using? A) exchange B) ingratiation C) pressure D) personal appeals E) inspirational appeals

When there are inconsistencies between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes, individuals will attempt to A) increase their job-related social relationships. B) confront their supervisor. C) reduce their job involvement. D) reduce dissonance. E) increase their job satisfaction

Whether a candidate has high emotional intelligence would not be a significant factor when considering candidates for which of the following jobs? A) an interviewer who assesses candidates in an employment agency B) an engineer heading up a team designing a complex software/hardware interface C) a meeting planner who must set up meetings for candidates around the world D) a copy editor who seeks out spelling errors and grammatical mistakes in manuscripts E) a realtor arranging sales between homeowners and potential buyers

Which of Hofstede's dimensions is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured to unstructured situations? A) collectivism B) power distance C) long-term orientation D) uncertainty avoidance E) idiocentricity

Which of the following does not reflect a dynamic environment? A) new competitors B) difficulties in acquiring raw materials C) rapidly changing government regulations affecting business D) no new technological breakthroughs by current competitors E) continually changing produce preferences by customers

Which of the following has not contributed to blurring the lines between employees' work life and personal life? A) Hours are not clearly specified. B) Communications technology allows employees to work any time and from any place. C) Organizations asking employees to put in longer hours D) Creation of flexible teams E) The workplace itself is not clearly specified.

Which of the following is NOT considered a "softer" influence tactic? A) personal appeals B) inspirational appeals C) rational persuasion D) pressure E) consultation

Which of the following is NOT considered a key quality of an employee in a customer-responsive culture? A) friendly and courteous B) accessible C) knowledgeable D) good computer skills E) willing to do what's necessary to please the customer

Which of the following is NOT true of power? A) To get things done, it helps to have power. B) Managers should increase others' dependence on them. C) To increase your power, you should develop a skill your boss needs. D) Power is a one-way street. E) While you seek to maximize others' dependence on you, you will be seeking to minimize your dependence on others.

Which of the following is NOT true? A) People with damage to the prefrontal cortex scored significantly lower on EI tests. B) EI is neurologically based. C) People who suffer neurological damage make poorer decisions. D) People with damage to the prefrontal cortex will score lower on standard measures of intelligence then people without the same brain damage. E) EI is biologically based.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Type B personality? A) A Type B suffers from a sense of time urgency, with its accompanying impatience. B) A Type B struggles to achieve more with less. C) A Type B strives to always multi-task. D) A Type B can relax without guilt. E) A Type B needs to discuss his or her achievements.

Which of the following is a type of conflict identified by the interactionist view? A) resource B) organizational C) personality D) process E) institutional

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A) Satisfaction with a job well done. B) The observation that most dogs have four legs. C) The opinion that it is never acceptable to steal. D) Anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing. E) The avoidance of a restaurant where one once received bad service

Which of the following is not a downside to conscientiousness? A) Conscientious people don't adapt well to changing contexts. B) Conscientious people have trouble learning complex tasks early in the training process. C) Conscientious people are often less creative than those who are less conscientious. D) Conscientious people are rarely considered structured individuals. E) There are no downsides to conscientiousness.

Which of the following is not a step in the negotiation process? A) definition of ground rules B) clarification and justification C) bargaining and problem solving D) process evaluation E) preparation and planning

Which of the following is not one of the views of conflict? A) traditional view B) human relations view C) interactionist view D) functional view E) all of the above

Which one of the following is not implied in the definition of power? A) influence B) potential C) dependency D) actualization E) capacity

Which stage of the conflict process is best conceptualized as a dynamic process of interaction? A) Potential Opposition or Incompatibility B) Cognition and Personalization C) Intentions D) Behavior E) Outcomes

You are a new employee with Acme, Inc. Your supervisor has explained your job to you and has indicated that you will have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it. He compliments your history of accepting responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way that your job is structured. Which of the following is something you would not expect your supervisor to do? A) assume that you will be internally motivated B) assume that you want to do your job C) allow you freedom to do your job as you believe it should be done D) monitor your work very closely E) empower you to take responsibility

You graduated from college two years ago and began working at Hampstead Electronics. You have received good performance evaluations and a raise. You just found out that a recent college graduate with no experience has been hired at a higher annual salary than you are now making. How can your behavior at work be predicted to change? A) You will work harder. B) You will call in sick more often. C) You will acknowledge that the new person hired is worth more. D) You will not work so hard. E) You will act to undermine the new employee.

You have eliminated horizontal, vertical, and external barriers within your organization. You are operating as a(n) ________. A) matrix organization B) virtual organization C) team structure D) boundaryless organization E) organizational pyramid

You know that the vice president of your region has the authority to accept or reject your report. This is part of his ________ power. A) reward B) coercive C) expert D) legitimate E) personal

________ conflict relates to how the work gets done. A) Task B) Job C) Relationship D) Process E) Reactive

15) Masterson College is a small liberal arts women's college in North Carolina. The founders of the college were Baptist and were committed to the idea that a liberal arts education was the best preparation for lifelong learning. The college has continued to support this orientation towards liberal arts education and has actually moved to strengthen that commitment recently. Within the last two decades, the business department has become one of the larger departments on campus. The faculty of the business department is also committed to finding employment for their graduates and believe that two things are critical for this to happen: 1) their students must have a solid understanding of the fundamental of their discipline; and 2) internships are an important method of establishing the connections and opportunities for employment. Which of the following represents a core value of the college? A) affordable education B) scientific knowledge C) technological innovation D) remedial reinforcement E) lifelong learning

34) The Young Woman's Club of Williams has been operating for 75 years as an organization that supports women who stay at home. For years it has been one of the most prestigious organizations in town with a strong membership. This group has always held classes in cooking, sewing, and child rearing. It has always been made up of upper middle class women from the small town of Williams. As the area has grown, many people have moved into Williams and now commute to Capital City, just 15 miles away. Most of the newcomers are dual-income couples, with both spouses holding full-time jobs. The Young Woman's Club is most likely to ________. A) experience internal division regarding the future of the organization B) broaden its membership to include women of different classes C) shift its core values in response to the perceived needs of newcomers D) expand its membership significantly, given the town's population increase E) remain similar in size, despite the town's population increase

36) The Young Woman's Club of Williams has been operating for seventy-five years as an organization that supports women who stay at home. For years it has been one of the most prestigious organizations in town with a strong membership. This group has always held classes in cooking, sewing, and child rearing. It has always been made up of upper middle class women from the small town of Williams. As the area has grown, many people have moved into Williams and now commute to Capital City, just 15 miles away. Most of the newcomers are dual-income couples, with both spouses holding full-time jobs. Women who are newcomers to the town of Williams are most likely to ________. A) find membership in the Young Women's Club helpful for increasing their social support B) help to enhance the prestige of the Young Women's Club by increasing the average income of the group's members C) find that the Young Woman's Club values the unique strengths of those from different backgrounds D) help improve the profitability of the Young Woman's Club by recommending increases in its membership dues E) find that the Young Woman's Club has a low tolerance for diversity

38) Consistency of behavior is an asset to an organization when it faces ________. A) a dynamic environment B) an unknown environment C) social upheaval D) massive changes E) a stable environment

39) A manager introduces participative management in an effort to boost morale and productivity. If he wants to make sure that it has as great a chance of success as possible he should ensure all of the following except which of the following? A) The issues decided upon must be relevant to the employees. B) The employees must be informed and competent enough to make decisions. C) The employees must be trusted by the manager. D) The manager must be trusted by the employees. E) There must be representative participation through work councils and board representatives.

39) Why is decision making a perceptual issue? A) Decisions must be made on how to move from the current state of affairs to some desired state. B) Middle- and lower-level managers may have different perceptions on how to solve a problem than their underlings or top level managers. C) Decision making is generally by consensus. D) There may be more than one way to solve a problem. E) Before a decision is made, a problem must be perceived to exist.

4) The key characteristic of organizational culture that addresses the degree to which people are competitive rather than easygoing is termed ________. A) assertiveness B) competitiveness C) aversiveness D) risk taking E) aggressiveness

8) According to the JCM, which of the following statements is NOT true? A) The evidence supports the general framework of the theory. B) Managers can bypass the complex MPS formula and better derive motivating potential by simply adding the characteristics. C) The employee's perception of his or her workload compared to others may moderate the link between the core job dimension and outcomes. D) If jobs score high on motivating potential, the likelihood of turnover will be reduced. E) Jobs that are high on motivating potential must be high on both autonomy and task variety.

9) What is another term for cross-training? A) work enrichment B) job sharing C) work enlargement D) job enhancement E) job rotation

All of the following are ways to increase self-efficacy EXCEPT A) arousal B) vicarious modeling C) verbal persuasion D) enactive mastery E) focused training

An important criterion in determining whether conflict is functional or dysfunctional is ________. A) overall morale B) turnover rates C) absenteeism levels D) management's assessment E) performance

Approximately ________ % of the U.S. labor force is employed in service industries. A) 10 B) 25 C) 40 D) 60 E) 80

Catherine and Bernice are faculty members at a local college who feel very differently about their academic dean. Catherine believes that he is always engaging in political activity that is not in the best interests of the college. She describes him as a man who passes the buck and who is scheming and arrogant. Bernice believes that the dean is an effective manager. Bernice sees the dean as being competent, thorough and carefully documenting. Catherine would most likely describe the dean instead as A) overachieving. B) scapegoating. C) misrepresenting . D) cunning. E) buffing.

Cultural norms in the United States dictate that employees in service organizations should smile and act friendly when interacting with customers. This norm A) applies worldwide. B) is especially strong in Israel. C) is valuable for Wal-Mart to enforce globally in their stores. D) wins companies loyal followers globally. E) is not embraced by German shoppers.

Dissatisfied employees who don't like their jobs will attempt to "get even". This may manifest itself in which of the following behaviors? A) quitting B) surfing the Internet on company time C) stealing from the company D) spending more time socializing on the job E) all of the above

Diversity, if properly managed, can A) increase creativity. B) increase innovation. C) provide different perspectives on problems. D) improve decision making. E) all of the above

Evolutionary psychology A) draws from Darwin's work on emotions. B) suggests that individuals must experience emotions since they serve a purpose. C) justifies the purpose of even negative emotions. D) may not provide a valid perspective at all times. E) all of the above.

Evolutionary psychology has which of the following views on negative emotions such as anger and jealousy? A) They are a biological imperative that cannot be controlled. B) They are only negative in the way they make us feel, however they are a great help when we have to interact in complex situations. C) They are necessary if we are to function efficiently amid the stresses of contemporary life. D) They are vestiges of our past as hunter gatherers that will be lost as we continue to evolve. E) They serve a useful adaptive purpose, even if it is not readily apparent.

Examples of service industry jobs include all of the following except ________. A) fast-food counter worker B) sales clerk C) waiter D) nurse E) production-line worker

Festinger argued that dissonance is ________. Therefore, people will attempt to reduce it. A) monotonous B) confounding C) physically painful D) exhausting E) uncomfortable

Formal power can arise out of which of the following? A) the ability to coerce B) formal authority C) the ability to reward D) one's position in the organization E) all of the above

Gerry has a job that pays an excellent salary. She has a good relationship with her peers and her supervisors. She also likes the fact that the company policy fits well with what she personally believes, and that she has received considerable recognition for her achievements at the company. Which of these factors is most likely responsible for the fact that Gerry loves her job? A) high compensation B) good nature of peer relationships C) good nature of supervisor relationships D) good fit between personal beliefs and company policy E) recognition for her achievements

High levels of job involvement are related A) positively to organizational citizenship. B) negatively to absences. C) positively to job performance. D) negatively to resignation rates. E) all of the above

In observing the departments in his division, Matthew notices that some managers with wide spans of control seem to perform more effectively than other managers with similarly-sized spans of control. Which of the following statements is most likely true regarding the high-performing managers? A) These managers are paid higher salaries than the low-performing managers. B) These managers discourage employee autonomy, which produces more uniform departmental results. C) The employees within their departments tend to compete to reach productivity goals, which boosts performance. D) The employees within their departments have poor communication with each other. E) The employees within their departments are highly skilled and very knowledgeable about their jobs.

Jan is a security officer. Jan believes that it is important to know exactly who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch, which makes it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. Jan becomes frustrated with those employees. She makes note of them and reports them to their supervisors. What is the behavioral component of Jan's attitude to the employees who did not sign out of the office? A) Jan believes that it is important that she know exactly who is in the office at any given time. B) Jan notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch. C) Jan finds it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. D) Jan becomes frustrated with those employees who do not sign out of the office. E) Jan notes which employees leave the office without signing out, and reports them to their supervisors.

Jennifer's boss decides to implement a new policy whereby employees provide regular, formalized feedback to their supervisors. Employees are encouraged to evaluate and criticize their superiors. Based on your understanding of functional conflict, is this policy likely to benefit Jennifer's company? A) no, because the evaluations will promote relationship conflict, which is always dysfunctional B) yes, because the evaluations will encourage groupthink, which increases turnover C) no, because the evaluations will create a climate of insecurity for the company's management D) no, because the evaluations will generate dysfunctional conflict, which breeds discontent E) yes, because the evaluations will encourage functional conflict, which improves organizational performance

Jo has a job interview. Which of the following will probably not have an effect on the way she reacts emotionally to the interview? A) how much sleep Jo had the night before B) how much exercise Jo regularly gets C) Jo's age D) Jo's gender E) the weather on the day of the interview

Jo is a courier, delivering parcels throughout the metropolitan area. Although she considers herself law abiding, she often breaks the speed limit while making her deliveries. Which of the following statements does not reflect a likely response to the conflict between her attitude and her behavior? A) "It's not a problem that I speed a little bit, it's not much over the limit, and everyone else speeds some." B) "The speed limits are just too low around here; anyone driving at a reasonable speed will break them." C) "This speeding is irresponsible. From now on I am observing the speed limits." D) "I've got to drive fast sometimes, otherwise I will not make all my deliveries and I'll lose clients." E) "It's wrong to break even minor laws, but I'll probably keep speeding anyway."

Labor and management at DJ Trucking cannot agree upon a contract for the truck drivers. The drivers are threatening to strike, and management knows that such a strike would be very costly. Each side contends that they are bargaining fairly, but no agreement seems to be possible. At first, the disputing parties resist your offer to help create a win-win situation for both groups. They are each highly focused on their demands in the negotiation, otherwise known as their ________. A) bargaining chips B) distribution points C) resistance points D) settlement ranges E) target points

Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. It is safe to say that this wouldn't be a problem if Mrs. Jonas was ________. A) a worker rather than a supervisor B) working for the construction company C) more of an ethical character D) an undocumented worker E) indifferent to workers' rights

Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas is experiencing cognitive dissonance. In this situation Mrs. Jonas has a(n) ________ that is in conflict with a(n) ________. A) behavior; behavior B) attitude; attitude C) social need; social interest D) social need; social need E) behavior; attitude

OB concepts must reflect contingency conditions since A) human beings are complex. B) two people often act very differently in the same situation. C) one person's behavior changes in different situations. D) we are limited in our ability to make sweeping generalizations. E) all of the above

Organizational structure has six key elements. Which of the following is not one of these elements? A) centralization B) departmentalization C) work specialization D) formalization E) location of authority

Organizations are in a state of flux. Examples of this include A) continual reorganizing. B) selling off poor-performing businesses. C) replacing permanent employees with temporary workers. D) subcontracting non-critical services to other organizations. E) all of the above

Procedural justice relates most strongly to A) job satisfaction. B) employee trust. C) citizenship behaviors. D) job performance. E) all of the above

The best definition for centralization is a situation in which decision making ________. A) is pushed down to lower level employees B) is concentrated at top management levels in the organization C) depends on the situation D) is completed in each department and then sent to the president for review E) is diffused among a large segment of employees

Thomas' rigorous documentation allows him to accomplish which of the following? A) avoiding responsibility B) avoiding power C) avoiding change D) avoiding action E) avoiding blame

To work effectively with people from a different culture, you need to understand A) how their culture shaped them. B) how their geography shaped them. C) how their religion shaped them. D) how to adapt your management style to their differences. E) all of the above

Today's managers and employees A) must learn to live with flexibility. B) must learn to cope with temporariness. C) must understand how to overcome resistance to change. D) must learn to live with unpredictability. E) all of the above

Valerie is in a negative mood, so she decides to have dinner with her friends to improve her mood. What effect will this activity likely have on her negative mood? A) strongly decrease it B) moderately decrease it C) have little or no effect on it D) moderately increase it E) strongly increase it

What are the three key elements of motivation? A) reactance, congruence and circumstance B) interest, activity and reward C) awareness, effort and outcome D) stimulation, progress and achievement E) intensity, direction and persistence

What are the three primary determinants of behavior that organizational behavior focuses upon? A) Profit structure, organizational complexity, job satisfaction B) Individuals, profit structure, and job satisfaction C) Individuals, groups, and job satisfaction D) Groups, structure, and profit structure E) individuals, groups, and structure

What can a manager do to ensure his employees perceive the organization as supportive? A) Ensure rewards are deemed fair. B) Allow employees a voice in decisions. C) Provide a participative environment. D) Provide support for employees. E) All of the above.

What is the major problem with Maslow's hierarchy of needs in organizational behavior? A) It is difficult to apply to the workplace. B) It is vague as to how a workplace can satisfy higher-order needs. C) Its terminology tends to alienate those to whom it is applied. D) It has received little recognition among managers. E) The research does not validate the theory.

Which of the following is NOT true of diversity? A) Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike. B) Managers have to recognize differences. C) Managers have to provide diversity training. D) When diversity is not managed properly, there is a potential for higher turnover. E) Diversity makes communication easier.

Which of the following is an example of conflict? A) incompatibility of goals B) differences over interpretation of facts C) disagreements based on behavioral expectations D) workplace violence E) all of the above

Which of the following is likely to lead to conflict? A) older group members B) low turnover C) mutually independent groups D) small group size E) high job specialization

Which of the following might be a typical element in a job used to measure job satisfaction? A) nature of the work B) supervision C) present pay D) promotion opportunity E) all of the above

Which of the following statements about people with positive core self-evaluations is true? A) They set goals which are easily obtainable. B) They do not like themselves. C) They seldom persist to reach their goals. D) They view themselves as powerless over their environment. E) They tend to be more committed to their goals.

Which of the following statements is true regarding conflict? A) It challenges the status quo. B) It can be dysfunctional. C) It can arise from diversity. D) It can lead to the demise of an organization. E) all of the above

Which of these actions are the most likely to be taken by Sarah if she behaves in a way that is inconsistent with an attitude that she holds? A) Change the behavior. B) Change the attitude. C) Rationalize the behavior. D) Ignore the inconsistency. E) All of the above.

Which one of the following would be considered a motivator in the two-factor theory? A) salary B) supervision C) working conditions D) bonuses E) responsibility

Why do satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction? A) Satisfied employees are more likely to be friendly. B) Satisfied employees are less prone to turnover. C) Customer satisfaction and loyalty are built with employees who customers are familiar with. D) Customer retention is highly dependent on their interactions with front line employees. E) All of the above

You are a new employee with Acme, Inc. Your supervisor has explained your job to you and has indicated that you will have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it. He compliments your history of accepting responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way that your job is structured. Your supervisor seems to possess ________ assumptions. A) Theory T B) Theory V C) Theory Z D) Theory X E) Theory Y

You assign your students a project that involves developing a business plan for a retail store. The store will have 200 employees and will serve customers both locally and internationally via a storefront and an Internet catalogue. Which of the following organizational designs is least likely to benefit the goals of this retail store? A) matrix B) virtual C) bureaucracy D) team E) simple

Leaders who know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly are known as A) ethical leaders. B) authentic leaders. C) transformational leaders. D) transactional leaders. E) charismatic leaders.

Leadership is best defined as ________. A) the ability to influence a group in goal achievement B) keeping order and consistency in the midst of change C) implementing the vision and strategy provided by management D) coordinating and staffing the organization and handling day-to-day problems E) not a relevant variable in modern organizations

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Maslow B) Festinger C) Hofstede D) Skinner E) Pavlov

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and need for sex? A) safety B) physiological C) social D) esteem E) psychological

A leader high in initiating structure would do which of the following? A) Seek consensus. B) Exhibit laissez-faire type of leadership. C) Maximize leader-member relations. D) Assign group members to particular tasks. E) Empower employees to make their own decisions

According to LMX theory, a leader implicitly categorizes followers as "in" or "out" ________. A) after careful analysis B) on a temporary basis C) early in the interaction D) because of political pressure E) based on job requirements

All contingency theories are based on the idea that effective leadership performance depends on ________. A) the proper match between the leader's style and the control the situation gives the leader B) selecting the right leadership style based on the level of the followers' readiness C) using a leadership style that is appropriate to the situational conditions D) making use of the best path for the goal that is identified E) the "right" traits

21) The retailer known for their strong service culture is ________. A) Macy's B) Nordstrom's C) Kmart D) Target E) Gap

Which of Maslow's needs best approximates McClelland's need for achievement? A) esteem B) self-actualization C) social D) physiological E) gratification

Based on the results of the University of Michigan studies, which department leaders most likely have departments with higher productivity and job satisfaction? A) the employee-oriented leaders B) the production-oriented leaders C) the consideration-oriented leaders D) the development-oriented leaders E) the task-oriented leaders

Evidence indicates that transactional leadership is more strongly correlated than transformational leadership with ________. A) higher employee satisfaction B) higher productivity C) higher employee turnover D) reduced operating costs E) none of the above

Now your boss seems to be trying to analyze each leader according to which employees they interact with most and least, and which employees they rate highest and lowest. You suspect that he is reading about which of the following models? A) MBTI B) LMX C) LPC D) Fiedler E) Managerial Grid

Some of the departmental directors spend more time training and helping their employees, while other spend more time on the technical issues that arise in the development process. According to the categories used in the University of Michigan studies, the directors can be described as ________. A) oriented toward initiating structure vs. oriented toward consideration B) employee-oriented vs. production-oriented C) training-oriented vs. development-oriented D) assistance-oriented vs. growth-oriented E) authority-type leaders vs. laissez-faire-type leaders

The dark side of charismatic leadership can be seen when A) the lines between their personal interests and their organization's interests become blurred. B) personal goals override the organization's goals. C) they are intolerant of criticism. D) they surround themselves with "yes people" who are rewarded for pleasing them. E) all of the above

The degree to which job assignments are procedurized is classified in the Fiedler model as ________. A) leader-member relations B) task orientation C) task structure D) initiating structure E) productivity oriented

The first comprehensive contingency model for leadership was developed by ________. A) Hersey and Blanchard B) Blake and Mouton C) Fred Fiedler D) John Kotter E) Douglas Surber

The graphic portrayal of a two-dimensional view of leadership style by Blake and Mouton is known as the ________. A) least preferred co-worker scale B) leader-participation model C) autocratic-democratic continuum D) managerial grid E) matrix of discretion

The two dimensions of leadership behavior identified in the University of Michigan studies are ________. A) coercion and motivation B) emotional and rational C) employee-oriented and production-oriented D) initiating structure and consideration E) initiation and completion

Trait research focused on ________, whereas behavioral studies focused on ________. A) underlying traits; observable behavior B) the task at hand; relationships C) observable behavior; specific leader activities D) observable behavior; underlying traits E) identifying certain traits in leaders; relationships leaders engaged in

You have decided to use Fiedler's LPC questionnaire to help your employees learn more about their leadership styles. Each of your employees has filled out and scored the instrument. It is your job to try to explain to them how to use the survey information. According to Fiedler's approach, your employees should assume which of the following about the leadership styles determined through using the survey? A) Each person's style is essentially fixed. B) Each person can use the information to change his/her style to a more productive style. C) Task-oriented leaders will not perform as well as relationship-oriented leaders in situations that are very unfavorable. D) Task-oriented leaders will perform better than relationship-oriented leaders in moderately favorable situations. E) Each person's style will change in accordance with the situation at hand.

30) About ________ percent of the U.S. workforce telecommutes. A) 2 B) 10 C) 25 D) 50 E) 75

6. Which of the following qualities is not found in work groups? A) energy B) enthusiasm C) positive synergy D) objectives E) security

6. During a discussion with Matthew, when Jennifer gestures, this is considered part of the A) medium. B) channel. C) message. D) noise. E) decoding.

10. Which of the following is not a source of individual resistance to change? A) habit B) security C) programmed responses D) structural E) fear of the unknown

11. Mary telephones her employee, Joe, to let him know that today's meeting has been moved to one o'clock. Joe misses the one o'clock meeting because he misunderstood which meeting Mary was referring to. Joe forgot to ask Mary to clarify which meeting she meant. Joe's misunderstanding therefore occurred due to a lack of A) encoding. B) decoding. C) noise. D) feedback. E) channel.

11. ________ results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs. A) Synergy B) Enthusiasm C) Energy D) Initiative E) Inversion

"I've got two tickets to the game tonight that I can't use. Take them. Consider it a thank you for taking the time to talk with me." This is an example of which impression management behavior? A) favors B) flattery C) association D) self-promotion E) conformity

. You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project which requires creativity, stamina and farsightedness. The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs Type of each of the applicants. These results are shown below: Candidate Alan Brenda Cameron Drusilla Ellen Myers Briggs Type INTJ ESTJ ENTP ESFP INFP You need to choose a lead person for the team. This person must be a visionary; combining an original mind with great drive. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers-Briggs Type? A) Alan B) Brenda C) Cameron D) Drusilla E) Ellen

1) ________ defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated. A) Organizational structure B) Work specialization C) Departmentalization D) Organizational behavior E) Matrix departmentation

11) A trucking company routinely makes all of its office staff work for a week in the warehouse area; loading trucks, cleaning trucks, and doing other warehouse work which they are capable of. This program is an example of which of the following? A) job rotation B) job enlargement C) job enrichment D) job sharing E) flextime

13) Masterson College is a small liberal arts women's college in North Carolina. The founders of the college were Baptist and were committed to the idea that a liberal arts education was the best preparation for lifelong learning. The college has continued to support this orientation towards liberal arts education and has actually moved to strengthen that commitment recently. Within the last two decades, the business department has become one of the larger departments on campus. The faculty of the business department is also committed to finding employment for their graduates and believe that two things are critical for this to happen: 1) their students must have a solid understanding of the fundamental of their discipline; and 2) internships are an important method of establishing the connections and opportunities for employment. The commitment to finding employment for graduates is part of the ________. A) subculture of the business department B) management culture C) dominant culture D) mission statement E) logic

14) Masterson College is a small liberal arts women's college in North Carolina. The founders of the college were Baptist and were committed to the idea that a liberal arts education was the best preparation for lifelong learning. The college has continued to support this orientation towards liberal arts education and has actually moved to strengthen that commitment recently. Within the last two decades, the business department has become one of the larger departments on campus. The faculty of the business department is also committed to finding employment for their graduates and believe that two things are critical for this to happen: 1) their students must have a solid understanding of the fundamental of their discipline; and 2) internships are an important method of establishing the connections and opportunities for employment. The business department holds some unique values in addition to the ________ of the dominant culture. A) core values B) sub-values C) formal values D) holistic values E) spiritual orientation

16) If everyone who is faced with a similar situation responds in the same way, attribution theory states that the behavior shows ________. A) consensus B) similarity C) reliability D) consistency E) stability

17) Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the ________. A) planning, execution and evaluation of his or her work B) planning, execution and evaluation of company plans C) horizontal integration of his or her tasks D) feedback that a worker receives from his or her supervisor and peers E) evaluation of his or her peers

18) Which one of the following is not one of the guidelines for enriching jobs? A) ensure employees perform one small part of a task B) establish client relationships C) open feedback channels D) combine tasks E) expand jobs vertically

2.The belief that "violence is wrong" is an descriptive statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

20) A firm introduces job enrichment in order to motivate its employees. Evidence would suggest that which of the following is the most likely result of this change? A) reduced absenteeism and turnover costs B) lower fixed costs C) a drop in quality D) a decrease in productivity E) an increase in productivity

28) A committee is made up of 12 managers; three each from the sales, production, accounting and human resources departments. They read a comprehensive study of the company they work for, and are asked which of its recommendations are most important. In discussion they find that the managers perceive that the most important recommendations are those concerning their own department. This finding is most likely the result of what type of bias? A) selective perception B) halo effect C) Pygmalion effect D) self-serving bias E) projection

29) Gary has been reading an OB book on culture to improve his managerial skills. As a result, he realizes A) when selecting a candidate, he should take into account the individual-organization fit. B) organizational culture does not play a role in selection. C) promotion decisions are not influenced by organizational culture. D) organizational fit determines if employees like the management of the organization. E) organizational fit is seldom important when rules guide the behavior of employees.

3) Two people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently. Where do the factors that operate to shape their dissimilar perceptions reside? A) the perceivers B) the target C) the timing D) the context E) the situation

33) The downside of telecommuting from the employee's perspective is ________. A) the "out of sight/out of mind" effect B) no overtime earned C) too many promotions D) high costs for computer equipment E) 24 hours on call

40) Your supervisor has heard that employee involvement is important and you have been instructed to research various methods of employee involvement. You are supposed to help assist in the analysis of the probable effects of each of the programs being considered. You have decided to let employees select a small group to represent them and work with management. This is termed ________. A) representative participation B) an ESOP C) quality circles D) participative management E) an AESOP

41) In recent years, ________ has become the primary concern in acquisitions and mergers. A) cultural compatibility B) cultural synergy C) financial advantages D) product synergy E) value dominance

41) Mel has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step she takes if she follows this model? A) determining what she needs to take into account when making her decision B) choosing a method to cut her expenses C) weighing the relative importance of each of her expenses D) coming up with different ways that would either reduce her expenses or increase her income E) evaluating different ways that she could use to either reduce her expenses or increase her income

41) What is the name for employees who sit on a company's board of directors and represent the interests of the firm's employees? A) board representatives B) works councils C) quality circles D) union representatives E) board leaders

55) Which of the following is cited as a limitation of merit pay plans? A) Being based on an annual performance appraisal, the merit pay is as valid (or invalid) as the performance ratings on which it is based. B) The pay raise pool seldom fluctuates. C) Unions encourage merit pay plans. D) Employees tend to like merit pay plans. E) There is little link between pay and performance.

57) Where is overconfidence most likely to surface? A) outside your area of expertise B) in your area of expertise C) with more education and training D) among higher wage earners E) among older workers

59) You are part of a group making a decision about whether it is appropriate to discontinue research on a new drug. This new drug would save lives, but it is uncertain whether you can develop it within a reasonable time frame and at a reasonable cost. Your firm has already spent a small fortune on this drug. You have gathered so much information in preparation to making the decision that you are unable to sort the good information from the superfluous data. Well after you have started trying to make a decision, new information comes to light that implies that the drug may be able to be synthesized much more cheaply than was previously thought. Which error in decision making should your group be especially aware of? A) anchoring bias B) overconfidence bias C) confirmation bias D) availability bias E) representative bias

64) Much of the compensation of traders at Synalco, a metals trading company, is in the form of stock options. The amount of options distributed is based on the company's net profits. What sort of compensation plan is this? A) profit sharing B) gainsharing C) merit based D) ESOP E) employee ownership

66) How is gainsharing different from profit sharing? A) Gainsharing focuses on productivity gains rather than profits. B) Gainsharing rewards specific behaviors. C) Gainsharing does not distribute profits, only gains in profits. D) Gainsharing rewards behaviors that are less influenced by external factors. E) With gainsharing, superior employees can receive incentive awards even when the organization isn't profitable.

67) In what sort of companies is gainsharing most popular? A) large manufacturing companies B) large service organizations C) small, non-unionized manufacturing companies D) small, privately held companies E) non-profit organizations

67) Which of the following terms involves making decisions so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number? A) utilitarianism B) justice C) rights D) satisficing E) humanitarianism

68) Reminding employees about the founders at each quarterly meeting is an example of which technique for transmitting culture? A) stories B) material symbols C) language D) rituals E) tools

81) Which of the following is a form of recognition? A) personal congratulations B) job enlargement C) job sharing D) flexible benefit packages E) profit sharing

84) Criteria defining right and wrong A) are much clearer in the West than in Asia. B) are highly ambiguous across the world. C) are much clearer in Asia than in the West. D) do not exist.

9) The macro view of culture that gives an organization its distinct personality is its ________ culture. A) dominant B) sub- C) strong D) national E) marginal

9) Which of the following is an internally caused behavior? A) working late in order to get a promotion B) arriving at work late because of an accident that tied up traffic C) working late because you don't have a ride home from work D) driving with the flow of traffic under the speed limit so that you do not get a ticket E) running from an angry dog

A decrease in loyalty in the workplace may be attributed to A) the heavy use of temporary workers B) lower wages C) greater diversity in the workplace D) an increase in foreign assignments

A manager wishes to know how members of her team will react to layoffs in other departments. Which of the following is least useful in predicting her team's behavior? A) knowing the organizational goals of her team B) knowing what is important to each member of the team C) knowing how the team perceives the layoffs D) knowing how the team has reacted in similar situations E) knowing how other workers have reacted in similar situations

A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds A) positive attitudes toward the job. B) negative attitudes toward the job. C) positive attitudes toward the organization. D) negative attitudes toward the organization. E) indifferent attitudes toward both the organization and the job.

A strategy that emphasizes the introduction of major new products and services is a(n) ________ strategy. A) innovation B) enhancement C) progressive D) organic E) matrix

A study conducted by a management consulting firm found that those companies with higher morale A) experienced a larger growth in their stock prices. B) experienced a larger growth in market share. C) experienced a smaller decrease in their stock prices. D) experienced a smaller decrease in their market share. E) had more dissatisfied employees.

A study of US Air Force recruiters showed that A) top-performing recruiters exhibited high levels of emotional intelligence. B) there was little validity to EI in selection decisions. C) EI measures would not be used in hiring decisions. D) EI was not relevant in jobs requiring social interaction.

According to Hofstede, high femininity cultures A) emphasize equality between men and women. B) favor achievement and power. C) emphasize feminine roles. D) have increased anxiety about ambiguity. E) are rule-oriented

According to McClelland, an individual who strives for personal achievement rather than the rewards of success per se, probably would have high need for ________. A) achievement B) affiliation C) power D) esteem E) love

As a result of globalization, a manager is ________ likely to find herself in a foreign assignment. A) increasingly B) less C) never D) somewhat E) not

You graduated from college two years ago and began working at Hampstead Electronics. You have received good performance evaluations and a raise. You just found out that a recent college graduate with no experience has been hired at a higher salary than you are now making. Which of the following will you probably use to evaluate this situation? A) equity B) expectancy C) goal setting D) reinforcement E) self-enhancement

Your ________ determines the lowest value acceptable to you for a negotiated agreement. A) BATNA B) margin of error C) bid price D) asking price E) hidden value

According to LMX theory, which of the following is not true of those individuals who fall into the out-group? A) They receive a disproportionate amount of the leader's attention. B) They have leader-follower relations based on formal authority interaction. C) They are less trusted. D) They receive fewer of the preferred rewards that the leader controls. E) The members of the out group are treated differently than members of the in group

According to the attribution theory of leadership, the key to being characterized as an "effective leader" is projecting the ________ of being a leader rather than focusing on ________. A) appearance; actual accomplishments B) image; overcoming challenges C) facade; reality D) look; events E) attributes; substance

According to the text, a person can learn to become more charismatic by displaying all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A) maintaining an optimistic view. B) creating a bond that inspires others to follow. C) communicating information only with a select group of close advisors. D) bringing out the potential in followers by tapping into their emotions. E) using a captivating and engaging tone of voice.

32) The major drawback for management with telecommuting is ________. A) increased cost of office space B) less direct supervision C) higher turnover D) lower productivity E) more hours worked

As you have observed your department manager and her interactions with the department's employees, you have come to believe in LMX theory. Sarah and Joe get less of the manager's time. Sally gets fewer of the preferred rewards that the manager controls and John has a relationship with the manager based on formal authority interactions. Rebecca is trusted. Jennifer gets a disproportionate amount of the manager's attention and is more likely to receive special privileges. When you look at this department's performance evaluations, you expect to find that ________. A) Rebecca and Jennifer have high ratings. B) Rebecca, John, and Jennifer have high ratings. C) Rebecca and Jennifer have high ratings, John has moderate ratings, and the rest of the employees have low ratings. D) John has received more promotions than any of the other employees. E) Rebecca and John compete with each other for the highest ratings.

"It is suggested that with a weakening of the loyalty of employers to employees (and vice-versa) in today's workplace, organizational commitment may be replaced with ________ commitment." A) family B) occupational C) hierarchical D) department E) socially stratified

. Country In-group collectivism Individualism/collectivism Performance orientation Humane orientation Power distance Country A 4 3 1 2 5 Country B 3 5 2 1 3 Country C 2 1 3 5 4 Country D 5 2 4 3 1 Country E 1 4 5 4 2 According to the above table, in which country are people most likely to be rewarded for being altruistic, caring, and kind to others? A) Country A B) Country B C) Country C D) Country D E) Country E

1) ________ is a shared system of meaning held by the organization's members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. A) Institutionalization B) Organizational culture C) Socialization D) Formalization E) Corporate image

10) Cultures within an organization that are defined by departmental designations are often called ________. A) micro-cultures B) subcultures C) divisional cultures D) microcosms E) counter cultures

10) You are on a team with two individuals who are "difficult." The work has been divided among the three of you and each time your team meets, Janet and Jim disagree about the progress of the team project. Janet is convinced that Jim's lack of progress is because he is inherently lazy and not because of some overwhelming problem with the project itself. The truth seems to be that Janet is not doing her part of the work. What might you use to try to understand Janet and Jim's behavior? A) perception theory B) attribution theory C) decision-making theory D) satisficing theory E) Surber's theory

11) Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior? A) An employee is late because he was partying late and then overslept. B) An employee is late because of a flat tire. C) An employee was fired because he slept on the job. D) An employee was promoted because he was hard working. E) An employee died from lung cancer after excessive tobacco use.

12) In attribution theory, what is distinctiveness? A) whether an individual displays consistent behaviors in different situations B) whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations C) whether an individual displays consistent behaviors in similar situations D) whether an individual displays different behaviors in similar situations E) whether an individual displays different behavior from other people

13) What sort of actions are most likely to be attributed to external causes? A) actions that have high distinctiveness, high consensus and high consistency B) actions that have high distinctiveness, high consensus and low consistency C) actions that have high distinctiveness, low consensus and low consistency D) actions that have low distinctiveness, low consistency and high consensus E) actions that have low distinctiveness, low consensus and low consistency

14) A company redesigns the jobs of the workers in accounts receivables, so that instead of simply billing customers, they will also be responsible for following up on non-payment, liaising between customers and the departments billing them, and other related tasks. What term would best be used to describe these changes? A) job rotation B) job enlargement C) job enrichment D) job sharing E) flextime

14) What does consensus refer to in attribution theory? A) There is general agreement about a perception. B) Different people respond the same way in the same situation. C) There is general agreement about how people desire to respond to the same situation. D) Different people perceive a situation similarly. E) All people behave precisely the same way in certain situations.

23 Festinger proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by three factors including the ________. A) values of the elements creating the dissonance B) degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over the elements C) degree of positive affect the person has toward the behavior D) fact that values and attitudes will vary over the short term E) awareness that dissonance exists

25) Since a strong organizational culture increases behavioral consistency, you would expect A) narrower spans of control. B) less formalization. C) longer chains of command. D) less open communication. E) less predictability.

27) The culture of Disney has been very effective in performing which of the following functions? A) displaying the dominance of their industry B) ensuring employees will act in a relatively uniform way C) improving company profits D) facilitating commitment to the theme park industry E) blurring department boundaries

28) As organizations have widened spans of control, flattened structures, introduced teams, reduced formalization, and empowered employees, the ________ provided by a strong culture ensures that everyone is pointed in the same direction. A) rules and regulations B) shared meaning C) rituals D) socialization E) rigid hierarchy

29) The Japanese are increasingly considering job sharing to ________. A) increase flexibility B) avoid layoffs C) add more part-time positions D) accommodate working mothers E) stimulate the economy

3.What are the three components of an attitude? A) cognitive, behavioral, and dissonant B) cognitive, affective, and behavioral C) dissonant, affective, and behavioral D) behavioral, affective, and correspondent E) correspondent, cognitive, and affective

30) Your rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was interviewed directly before you, who was rated extremely low. Your own high rating might be partially attributed to which of the following? A) the halo effect B) the contrast effect C) projection D) stereotyping E) prototyping

31) One of the shortcuts used to judge others involves the influence by other persons we have recently encountered. What is this shortcut called? A) selective perception B) the contrast effect C) the halo effect D) prejudice E) stereotyping

33) The Young Woman's Club of Williams has been operating for 75 years as an organization that supports women who stay at home. For years it has been one of the most prestigious organizations in town with a strong membership. This group has always held classes in cooking, sewing, and child rearing. It has always been made up of upper middle class women from the small town of Williams. As the area has grown, many people have moved into Williams and now commute to Capital City, just 15 miles away. Most of the newcomers are dual-income couples, with both spouses holding full-time jobs. The culture of the Young Woman's Club will be a liability if ________. A) newcomers embrace it B) it does not further the organization's effectiveness C) it reduces ambiguity D) it enhances social system stability E) it improves the performance of the organization.

34) The underlying logic of employee involvement is that by involving workers and increasing their autonomy and control over their work lives, employees will become all of the following except more ________. A) motivated B) competent C) productive D) satisfied E) committed to the organization

49) MeltonCorp has installed a new email system, but many staff do not know of its features. Upper management decides to allocate a small portion of the company's budget to solving this problem. A team that uses rational decision making to arrive at a solution should be aware that this case deviates from the assumptions of the rational decision-making model in what way? A) There are constraints on the options available to them. B) There are cost constraints. C) The options available to the team are not known. D) The problem is not clearly defined. E) There is a lack of strong leadership.

51) How is the satisficing decision maker best characterized? A) as using rationality B) as using bounded rationality C) as affected by anchoring bias D) as using creativity E) as relying on others to make decisions

53) Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan? A) time and a half for overtime B) $2 for each unit produced C) productivity bonus D) commission E) $10 per hour worked

54) Merit-based pay plans are based on ________. A) union negotiations B) performance appraisal ratings C) company profits D) company productivity improvements E) company stock performance

55) You are part of a group making a decision about whether it is appropriate to discontinue research on a new drug. This new drug would save lives, but it is uncertain whether you can develop it within a reasonable time frame and at a reasonable cost. Your firm has already spent a small fortune on this drug. You have gathered so much information in preparation to making the decision that you are unable to sort the good information from the superfluous data. Your experience tells you that this project has merit. What form of decision-making are you using if you decide to continue the project on this basis? A) compulsive B) intuitive C) rational D) satisficing E) compelling

59) Amalgamated Industries manufactures parts for furniture. Management has decided to change the method of payment to a skill-based plan. You are interested in increasing your current compensation and see this as an opportunity. As a manager, you like the plan because it allows ________. A) protection of territory B) increased flexibility of the workforce C) elimination of workers D) decreased payroll costs E) increased control

59) The employee compares her expectations to organizational reality in which stage of socialization? A) prearrival B) encounter C) metamorphosis D) ritual E) analysis

60) What do we call the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that they can easily obtain? A) representative bias B) availability bias C) confirmation bias D) anchoring bias E) principality

63) A rise in which of the following was reported by companies that pay employees for learning extra skills? A) operating costs B) communication across the organization C) turnover D) absenteeism E) perceptions of unfairness

65) What is the name for an incentive plan where improvements in group productivity determine the total amount of money that is allocated? A) ESOP B) gainsharing C) profit sharing D) piece rates E) employee ownership

66) A law firm has established standardized stages of transition. A defined probationary period of five years is established before a candidate should be given partner status. This is an example fo the ________ entry socialization. A) collective B) fixed C) individual D) serial E) investiture

67) Which of the following is not a means of transmitting culture within an organization? A) stories B) reflections C) rituals D) language E) material symbols

7) According to the JCM, the links between the job dimensions and the outcomes are moderated by ________. A) a high MPS B) the strength of the individual's growth need C) a low score on self-esteem D) experienced meaningfulness of the job E) autonomy

7) Organizational culture is A) not concerned with how employees perceive their culture. B) a descriptive term. C) concerned with whether employees like certain characteristics of their culture. D) evaluative. E) synonymous with job satisfaction.

70) Nunya is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. The regular distribution of lollipops, toys, or treats every Friday is an example of a ________ that helps reinforce Nunya's culture. A) story B) ritual C) material symbol D) symbolism E) tool

75) People who score high on which personality dimension are more likely to be creative? A) external locus of control B) openness to experience C) risk avoidance D) intolerance for ambiguity E) Machiavellianism

83) All of the following statements concerning decision making are true EXCEPT A) The rational decision making model makes no acknowledgment of cultural differences. B) The cultural background of a decision maker does not influence the decision making process. C) While there are reasons to believe that cultural differences influence decision making, there is not much research to substantiate this belief. D) The collectivist nature of the Japanese culture influences managers to make more group oriented decision than their US counterparts.

85) All of the following factors increase the probability that cultural change can be successfully implemented EXCEPT A) the existence of a dramatic crisis. B) a positive organizational culture. C) a turnover in the organization's top leadership. D) an organization that is both young and small. E) a weak dominant culture.

A manager wishes to motivate a sales employee who is a high achiever. According to McClelland, which of the following sales territories should be assigned to such a salesperson? A) one where he is loosely controlled and he is certain to meet his sales targets B) one where he receives rapid feedback and the probability of success in meeting his sales targets is .5 C) one where he is loosely controlled and there is a moderate chance he will exceed his sales targets D) one where he is closely controlled and there is a small chance he will greatly exceed his sales targets E) one where he is loosely controlled and there is a small chance he will greatly exceed his sales targets

According to Hofstede, cultures that score ________ tend to emphasize laws and regulations. A) high on power distance B) high on uncertainty avoidance C) low on power distance D) low on uncertainty avoidance E) high on masculinity

According to Holland, the closer two fields are in the hexagon, the ________ they are. A) more dissimilar B) more compatible C) less compatible D) more difficult to categorize E) less related to any occupation

According to the goal-setting theory of motivation, highest performance is reached when goals are set to which level? A) impossible but inspirational B) difficult but attainable C) slightly beyond a person's actual potential D) "do your best" E) easily attained

According to the interactionist's perspective, a group that functions without conflict is ________. A) living up to behavioral ideals B) prone to becoming static and apathetic C) likely to be responsive to the need for change and innovation D) the most productive E) a rare phenomenon

Activities that influence the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within an organization are known as ________. A) human resources B) political behaviors C) sexual harassment D) influential power moves E) interactive initiatives

Airlines expect their flight attendants to be cheerful. This is an example of A) moods at work. B) emotional labor. C) emotional dissonance. D) customer service.

All of the following are characteristics of the organic model EXCEPT A) cross-functional teams B) narrow spans of control C) cross-hierarchical teams D) high participation in decision making E) flatness

Which dimension of Hofstede's framework is the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups? A) power distance B) individualism vs. collectivism C) masculinity vs. femininity D) uncertainty avoidance E) long-term vs. short-term orientation

Which of the following statements is true concerning power? A) Trust and mistrust affect the expression of power. B) A person can have power over you only if he or she controls something you desire. C) Power requires some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led. D) To be effective, power must be actualized. E) In order to have power, a person must impose their control over others.

Which of the following statements is true pertaining to the role of personality traits in negotiations? A) Personality of the negotiators will definitely determine who prevails. B) Recent research has shown that extraverts are less effective negotiators in distributive bargaining than introverts. C) High risk takers will definitely be better negotiators. D) Individuals who are agreeable and with an internal locus of control will be better negotiators. E) Individuals who are concerned with appearing competent make excellent negotiators.

83) The best advice to offer US managers when opening up operations in another country is to A) let the US culture dominate. B) be culturally sensitive. C) ignore local cultures. D) merge the local culture with the dominant US culture. E) let the local culture dominate

Based on the contingency theory, if the leadership style does not match the situation, you should ________. A) change the leader to fit the situation B) change the situation to fit the leader C) accept this circumstance as unchangeable D) either change the leader to fit the situation or change the situation to fit the leader. E) retrain the leader in a more appropriate style

11) Which characteristic is not reflective of subcultures? A) includes core values of the organization B) typically defined by department designations C) rejects the core values of the dominant culture D) usually defined by geographical separation E) includes values unique to members of a department or group

20) You are on a team with two individuals who are "difficult." The work has been divided among the three of you and each time your team meets, Janet and Jim disagree about the progress of the team project. Janet is convinced that Jim's lack of progress is because he is inherently lazy and not because of some overwhelming problem with the project itself. The truth seems to be that Janet is not doing her part of the work. What error or bias does Janet seem to be making? A) selective perception B) an external bias C) the fundamental attribution error D) self-serving bias E) the ultimate attribution error

12) Masterson College is a small liberal arts women's college in North Carolina. The founders of the college were Baptist and were committed to the idea that a liberal arts education was the best preparation for lifelong learning. The college has continued to support this orientation towards liberal arts education and has actually moved to strengthen that commitment recently. Within the last two decades, the business department has become one of the larger departments on campus. The faculty of the business department is also committed to finding employment for their graduates and believe that two things are critical for this to happen: 1) their students must have a solid understanding of the fundamental of their discipline; and 2) internships are an important method of establishing the connections and opportunities for employment. The belief in a liberal arts education is part of the ________ of the college. A) subculture of the business department B) management culture C) dominant culture D) mission statement E) logic

16) A dominant culture is ________. A) the sum of an organization's subcultures B) defined by the leader of an organization C) synonymous with an organization's culture D) usually a strong culture E) likely to be a weak culture

16) How do most employees react to job enlargement efforts? A) unqualified approval B) somewhat enthusiastically C) with a lack of enthusiasm D) with mixed emotions E) with very little reaction.

19) If a person responds the same way over time, attribution theory states that the behavior shows ________. A) distinctiveness B) consensus C) consistency D) continuity E) stability

2) Which of the following is not a primary characteristic that captures the essence of organizational culture? A) attention to detail B) innovation C) formality orientation D) team orientation E) outcome orientation

22) Which of the following has not been shown to be a benefit of flextime? A) reduced absenteeism B) improved productivity C) increased meaningfulness D) increased satisfaction E) improved promptness

22) Your boss never gives you the benefit of the doubt. When you were late back from lunch, he assumed that you had simply taken too much time. He never considered that the elevators were out and you had to walk up 10 flights of stairs. Your boss is guilty of ________. A) self-serving bias B) selective perception C) fundamental attribution error D) inconsistency E) stereotyping

23) Allied General Hospital employs many individuals and has decided to try to increase motivation through job redesign and flexible scheduling. You have been hired as a consultant to help them design and implement the programs You are looking at flextime and realize that it will probably work least well for which of the following jobs? A) insurance billing clerks B) custodial workers C) floor nurses D) equipment maintenance staff E) IT personnel

23) The unanimity of a strong culture contributes to all of the following except ________. A) cohesiveness B) loyalty C) higher product quality D) organizational commitment E) lower employees' propensity to leave the organization

25) What is flextime's major drawback? A) Not all employees have computers. B) Not everyone wants to work part-time. C) It is not applicable to every job. D) Tardiness increases. E) It is hard to find compatible employees.

26) Which of the following is NOT a function of culture? A) It conveys a sense of organizational identity. B) It shapes employee attitude and behavior. C) It reduces the stability of the social system. D) It has a boundary-defining role. E) It facilitates the generation of commitment to something larger than one's individual self-interests.

46) Research shows that works councils tend to be ineffective for which of the following reasons? A) Members of works council tend to side with management when making decisions for fear of being punished. B) Works councils represent the wishes of employees that are often at odds with the best direction of an organization. C) Works councils are dominated by management and their input has little impact on employees or the organization D) Works councils insert an extra element into decision making which slows the response of an organization to changing conditions. E) Members of works councils are in general not qualified to make large decisions concerning the direction of an organization.

47) Experience shows that the greatest value of representative participation is which of the following? A) increased motivation B) increased satisfaction C) symbolic D) decreased absenteeism E) increased commitment

48) Job evaluation establishes ________. A) the amount of compensation to be paid B) external equity C) the worth of the job to the organization D) how many tasks to be included in a job E) how to evaluate an employee

48) Which of the following is an assumption of the rational decision-making model? A) The decision maker has unlimited time to make the decision. B) The decision criteria are flexible. C) The decision maker can identify all the relevant criteria in an unbiased way. D) The decision maker is aware of all the possible consequences of each alternative. E) The decision maker does not have complete information.

49) The process through which employees are adapted to an organization's culture is called ________. A) training and development B) mentoring C) socialization D) institutionalization E) intimidation

62) You are part of a group making a decision about whether it is appropriate to discontinue research on a new drug. This new drug would save lives, but it is uncertain whether you can develop it within a reasonable time frame and at a reasonable cost. Your firm has already spent a small fortune on this drug. You have gathered so much information in preparation to making the decision that you are unable to sort the good information from the superfluous data. The group decides to continue the project so that all the resources already spent on it will not have been wasted. In this case the group has done which of the following? A) used the availability bias B) used the anchoring bias C) made an escalation of commitment D) satisficed E) made the ultimate attribution error

65) Specific orientation and training programs that segregate new employees from the ongoing work setting are examples of which type of entry socialization? A) individual socialization. B) collective socialization. C) formal socialization. D) serial socialization. E) investiture socialization.

66) When the budget committee of a major university determines this year's budget on last year's, their decision making is constrained by A) performance evaluation criteria B) reward systems C) historical precedents D) lack of deadlines

68) What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where employees acquire stock as part of their benefits? A) MBO program B) job redesign C) ESOP D) quality circle E) piece-rate

70) What is the term used for the situation where employees are allowed to pick and choose from among a menu of benefit options. A) flexible pay B) benefit menu options C) flexible benefits D) benefit participation E) flextime

77) Which benefit plan can increase employee take-home pay? A) modular plans B) core-plus plans C) flexible spending plans D) ESOPs E) employee recognition plans

82) Even though attribution theory was developed largely based on experiments with US and western European workers, A) attribution theory predictions hold true across the globe in all cultures. B) attribution theory predictions are not reliable outside the US and western Europe. C) caution is suggested in making predictions in collectivist traditions. D) a study of Korean managers suggested that attribution theory predictions are especially reliable in Asian cultures.

A high score in which dimension of the Big Five model predicts good job performance for all occupational groups? A) extraversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) openness to experience

A plant manager who organizes the plant by separating engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and purchasing into departments is practicing ________ departmentalization. A) target-customer B) product C) functional D) geographic E) graphic

A study examining 11 American presidents concluded that the key quality differentiating the successful from the unsuccessful presidents was A) communication. B) political oratory. C) emotional intelligence. D) vision. E) cognitive style.

A task that is subdivided into many separate jobs is considered to have a ________. A) high degree of departmentalization B) low degree of decentralization C) high degree of work specialization D) low degree of structure E) high degree of matrix structuring

According to Hofstede, people in cultures with ________ value thrift, persistence, and tradition. A) high power distance B) low power distance C) long-term orientation D) short-term orientation E) low uncertainty avoidance

You are supervising a team leader who has a high need for achievement. He is in charge of training employees to use a new phone system. According to McClelland, which of the following courses of action will best ensure this employee stays motivated in his task? A) Trust him to do the job independently, and do not give feedback until the project is completed. B) Trust him to do the job independently, and do not give any feedback unless it is asked for. C) Trust him to do the job independently, but do not fail to provide plenty of feedback. D) Closely supervise him, and provide moderate amounts of feedback. E) Closely supervise him and provide a great deal of feedback.

________ conflict focuses on interpersonal interaction. A) Task B) Job C) Relationship D) Process E) Communication

Which of the following is not generally considered a core topic of organizational behavior? A) motivation B) attitude development C) conflict D) resource allocation E) work design

"Morning" people A) experience peak levels of positive affect in the morning. B) experience peak levels of positive affect in the evening. C) experience higher levels of negative affect in the afternoon. D) show little fluctuation in negative affect through the day.

) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas comes to you for an explanation of why she is so uncomfortable. You might refer her to the theories of ________. A) Hofstede B) Maslow C) Skinner D) Festinger E) Surber

1) Which of the following is not one of the core job dimensions in the JCM model? A) task significance B) feedback C) autonomy D) status E) skill variety

1) Which of the following is the best definition of attitudes? A) Attitudes indicate how one will react to a given event. B) Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures one's actions. C) Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of some person, object or event. D) Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone. E) Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object, person or event is evaluated.

12) Which is not cited as a drawback to job rotation? A) Training costs are increased. B) Productivity is reduced. C) Disruption is created. D) Jobs are eliminated. E) Supervisors spend more time answering questions.

17) Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would attribution theory describe this behavior? A) It shows consensus and is attributed to internal causes. B) It shows similarity and is attributed to external causes. C) It shows reliability and is attributed to external causes. D) It shows consistency and is attributed to internal causes. E) It shows distinctiveness and is attributed to internal causes.

36) When F. Scott Fitzgerald said, "The very rich are different from you and me" and Hemingway replied, "Yes, they have more money," Hemingway refused to engage in what shortcut to judge others? A) projection B) contrast effect C) halo effect D) stereotyping E) prototyping

37 Which dimension to organizational commitment describes an employee who is "tethered" to an employer simply because there isn't anything better available? A) general organizational commitment B) affective commitment C) normative commitment D) continuance commitment

42) The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________. A) top management B) the environment C) the country in which the organization operates D) the organization's founders E) the belief systems of it employees

44) What is the goal of representative participation? A) for workers to own the firms where they work B) to help workers' self-esteem C) to provide greater motivation and productivity D) to redistribute power within the organization E) to empower high-level managers

47) Which is not one of the steps in the rational decision-making model? A) defining the problem B) identifying the decision criteria C) rating the alternatives D) computing the decision alternatives E) selecting the best alternative

5) According to the Job Characteristics Model, a telemarketing employee who is provided a list of calls to make and a standardized script to follow would score A) high on feedback B) low on task identity C) high on autonomy D) low on autonomy

52) The correct order for the stages of the socialization process is ________. A) prearrival, metamorphosis, encounter B) prearrival, encounter, ritual C) prearrival, ritual, encounter D) prearrival, encounter, metamorphosis E) prearrival, ritual, arrival

8) In contrasting organizational culture with job satisfaction, organizational culture is a(n) ________ term, while job satisfaction is a(n) ________ term. A) predictive; reactive B) implied; stated C) reflective; affective D) descriptive; evaluative E) inductive; deductive

6) According to the Job Characteristics Model, the presence of the three psychological states (knowledge of results, experienced responsibility, and experienced meaningfulness) will A) increase motivation B) increase performance C) decrease absenteeism D) all of the above

60) A certain corporation ties its compensation for front-line operations managers to developing their skills in leadership, workforce development, and functional excellence. What is this sort of compensation scheme called? A) job-based pay B) training-based pay C) individual merit-based pay D) skill-based pay E) development-based pay

Which of the following is not one of the cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE team? A) performance orientation B) future orientation C) humane orientation D) age differentiation E) power distance

81) If Joseph wants to be more creative, research suggests that he should A) do things that make him happy. B) listen to music he enjoys. C) socialize with others. D) all of the above.

A Theory Y manager would assume that employees would ________. A) dislike work B) need to be controlled C) avoid responsibility D) accept responsibility E) attempt to avoid work

A bureaucracy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) highly routine operating tasks B) formalized rules and regulations C) tasks that are grouped into functional departments D) decentralized decision making E) specialization

All of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator except ________. A) extroverted/introverted B) sensing/intuitive C) perceiving/judging D) independent/dependent E) thinking/feeling

All of the following can be effective techniques to encourage conflict EXCEPT A) reward dissenters. B) punish conflict avoiders. C) build devil's advocate roles into the decision making process. D) reward those who support the status quo. E) train managers to listen to bad news they may not want to hear.

All of the following may provide reasons to explain why politics is a fact of organizational life EXCEPT A) Organizations are comprised of groups with different values and goals. B) There is the potential for conflict over resources. C) Resources in organizations are limited. D) Win/win scenarios are the norm. E) Decisions are often made in a climate of ambiguity.

Which of the following statements about values is true? A) Values are flexible. B) Values are synonymous with attitudes. C) Values tend to be consistent among occupational groups. D) Values are fairly stable over time. E) Values change easily when they are called into question.

Which of the following were considered higher-order needs by Maslow? A) physiological, safety, social B) safety, social, esteem C) esteem, self-actualization D) social, esteem, self-actualization E) recognition, pay, admiration

Which organizational design has been called the T-form? A) matrix organization B) virtual organization C) team structure D) boundaryless organization E) bureaucracy

Which responses to dissatisfaction allow individuals to tolerate unpleasant situations? A) exit and neglect responses. B) neglect and loyalty responses. C) voice and neglect responses. D) voice and loyalty responses. E) exit and voice responses

Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of all of the following EXCEPT A) age. B) gender. C) sexual orientation. D) socio-economic status. E) ethnicity.

You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which professor out of this group would you expect to address issues of communication? A) the psychologist B) the anthropologist C) the sociologist D) the social psychologist E) the industrial engineer

You discover that your market is clearly divided between very different types of clients, with different support needs. To respond to this market diversity, you will probably choose to departmentalize by ________. A) functional B) geography C) support D) customer E) matrix

Your physician has advised you to take a series of medications. You comply because of her ________ power. A) referent B) information C) formal D) expert E) personal

________ blends concepts from psychology and sociology. A) Corporate strategy B) Anthropology C) Political science D) Social psychology E) Archaeology

44) All of the following are factors that serve to sustain an organization's culture EXCEPT ________. A) selection B) orientation C) performance evaluation criteria D) top management practices E) Wall Street views

) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas can be expected to relieve the discomfort she is experiencing by engaging in which of the following behaviors? A) deciding this issue is unimportant B) rationalizing that it is not her problem since she is not the contractor C) attempting to stop the contractor using undocumented workers D) coming to accept that using undocumented workers does not harm workers' rights E) all of the above

. Country In-group collectivism Individualism/collectivism Performance orientation Humane orientation Power distance Country A 4 3 1 2 5 Country B 3 5 2 1 3 Country C 2 1 3 5 4 Country D 5 2 4 3 1 Country E 1 4 5 4 2 The above table shows the relative rankings of five countries in five of GLOBE's cultural dimensions. In which country are people most likely to identify with and take pride in the company they work for? A) Country A B) Country B C) Country C D) Country D E) Country E

1) What do we call the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment? A) interpretation B) environmental analysis C) social verification D) outlook E) perception

The more that lower-level personnel provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, the more ________ there is within an organization. A) centralization B) disempowerment C) work specialization D) departmentalization E) decentralization

15) What term is used for the extent to which an individual displays different behaviors in different situations? A) continuity B) integrity C) stability D) flexibility E) distinctiveness

19) ________ are indicators of a strong organizational culture. A) High levels of dissention B) Weak managers C) Completely horizontal organizational charts D) Narrowly defined roles E) Widely shared values

30) Culture is important from an employee's standpoint because A) it reduces ambiguity. B) it tells employees how things are done. C) it tells employees what is important. D) it increases the consistency of employee behavior. E) all of the above

52) Why do people satisfice? A) Resource restraints usually prevent people from entertaining all the options possible. B) Solutions that solve a problem, even if they are not the best solution, are generally satisfactory. C) Any solution that solves a problem will be considered to be acceptable if the other possible options are not explored. D) In general, people lack the motivation to perform rational decision-making fully. E) The limited information-processing capability of human beings makes it impossible to assimilate and understand all the information necessary to optimize.

58) Which of the following steps could your supervisor take to best help you develop a commitment to your new company? A) encourage you to work independently at first to learn the ropes B) discourage you from putting too much weight on your initial expectations C) discourage you from putting too much emphasis on your perception of the organization D) encourage you to look carefully at your own assumptions, which may be biased E) encourage you to develop friendship ties within the organization

6) The time at which an object or event is seen is an example of what type of factor influencing the perceptual process? A) perceiver B) target C) social D) reality E) situation

84) US managers can learn to be more culturally sensitive. Recommendations for achieving this include A) talking in a low tone of voice. B) speaking slowly. C) listening more. D) avoiding discussions of religion and politics. E) all of the above.

Integrative bargaining focuses on ________. A) competition B) short-term benefits C) zero-sum gains D) ensuring balanced inputs E) long-term relationships

According to Festinger, people will seek a(n) ________. A) variable state with variable dissonance B) stable state with maximal dissonance C) unstable state with maximal dissonance D) unstable state with minimal dissonance E) stable state with minimal dissonance

According to the textbook, when diversity is not managed properly, there is a potential for ________. A) higher creativity B) communication benefits C) labor cost inequities D) increased competitiveness E) higher turnover

As a result of the organization's structure, the vice president in your region has which of the following power bases? A) reward B) coercive C) formal D) legitimate E) all of the above

Conflict is constructive when it ________. A) improves the quality of decisions B) stimulates creativity and innovation C) fosters an environment of self-evaluation and change D) encourages curiosity among group members E) all of the above

The traditional view of conflict argues that conflict ________. A) cannot be avoided B) helps to generate discussion C) can be avoided D) improves productivity E) must be avoided

Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. B) Dissatisfied customers can increase an employee's job dissatisfaction. C) In service organizations, customer retention and defection are highly dependent on how front-line employees deal with customers. D) Satisfied employees are likely to be more productive. E) The most effective way to improve job satisfaction is a raise in pay.

Which of the following statements is generally accepted by experts? A) Moods cause emotions. B) Emotions cause moods. C) Moods and emotions are both caused by introspection. D) Moods and emotions are the same phenomena. E) Moods and emotions can mutually influence one another.

Which of the following tactics involves including an individual in the decision-making and planning process? A) ingratiation B) exchange C) pressure D) inspirational appeals E) consultation

Who proposed the two-factor theory of motivation? A) Maslow B) McClelland C) McGregor D) Vroom E) Herzberg

Which of the following developed the LPC (least preferred co-worker) questionnaire? A) Ohio State University B) Fiedler C) House D) Blake and Mouton E) University of Michigan

The HR director plans to promote Lawrence, a highly extroverted manager with a great deal of assertiveness. The director believes that because of his innate characteristics, Lawrence will be highly effective at helping the company achieve its production goals. You advise the director against this decision because A) research has identified emotional stability as the strongest predictor of leadership effectiveness. B) studies have found that the Big Five traits are difficult to identify in leaders. C) studies have shown that highly assertive leaders were less effective than those who were moderately assertive. D) research has found that conscientiousness is a better predictor of effectiveness than extraversion. E) research has shown that effective managers are often unlikely to become effective leaders

The VP of Human Resources of the Acme Company is interested in identifying individuals who will be effective leaders. Which of the following tools might she use in this search? A) Personality tests to identify extraversion B) Interviews C) reviews of situation-specific experience D) personality tests to identify conscientiousness E) all of the above

The ________ theory of leadership views leadership traits as ascribed to individuals based on followers' perceptions of them. A) fundamental B) attribution C) perception D) organizational E) contingency

The author of the text would be most likely to disagree with which of the following statements regarding charismatic leaders? A) Charismatic leaders routinely express confidence that followers can attain established goals. B) Charismatic leaders typically communicate high performance expectations of their followers. C) Charismatic leaders are known for conveying new sets of values to their followers. D) Charismatic leaders are better at describing positive behaviors than demonstrating those behaviors in practice. E) Charismatic leaders are skilled at articulating appealing visions for their organizations

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of charismatic leaders? A) vision B) providing rewards C) sensitivity to follower needs D) exhibiting behaviors that are out of the ordinary E) willingness to take personal risks to achieve their vision

Which of the following is NOT a problem with Fiedler's LPC Scale? A) It's difficult to determine how good the leader-member relations are. B) It's difficult to determine how structured the task is. C) It's difficult to determine how much position power the leader has. D) The LPC Scales are not stable. E) The logic underlying the LPC Scale is too rigid.

12. Your supervisor has restructured the jobs within your division and some of your colleagues are not pleased. Don is concerned that he will not be able to perform the new tasks. Since he is paid by the amount he produces, his pay might be reduced. Tony is afraid that his job may be in jeopardy and he may be laid off. Doug dislikes uncertainty and has developed a negative attitude. The source of Tony's resistance is ________. A) habit B) selective information processing C) security D) group inertia E) structural inertia

13. Formal channels of communication traditionally follow the ________ within an organization. A) communication chain B) authority chain C) influence chain D) transmission chain E) social chain

1. Which of the following statements is not true? A) Work teams are a type of group. B) Approximately 80 percent of Fortune 500 companies have at least 50 percent of their employees on teams. C) While certainly popular, management has found teams to be less flexible and responsive than traditional departments. D) Approximately 70 percent of small manufacturers in the US are using teams in their production areas. E) Teams are becoming the primary means for organizing work.

12. Which is not one of the most common types of teams? A) problem-solving B) interdepartmental C) self-managed D) virtual E) cross functional

31. Using direct threats to overcome resistance to change is called ________. A) participation B) building support and commitment C) selecting people who accept change D) coercion E) education and communication

2. An example of change in the nature of the workforce is an increase in ________. A) college attendance B) mergers and consolidations C) capital equipment D) divorce rates E) cultural diversity of employees

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true of teams? A) Teams are more flexible than traditional departments. B) Teams have the capability to quickly assemble. C) Teams facilitate employee participation in operating decisions. D) Teams are always effective. E) All of the above

2. The means by which a communication is passed between a sender and a receiver is called a ________. A) medium B) conduit C) conductor D) transmission E) coder

21. Which of the following is not an example of upward communication? A) performance reports prepared by lower management for top management review B) informing employees of policies C) suggestion boxes D) grievance procedures E) a letter to your boss

21. You have brought in the local extension agent to explain demographics and the changing nature of the area in which you live. The method for overcoming resistance that you have chosen is ________. A) education and communication B) participation C) negotiation D) manipulation and cooptation E) coercion

51. Providing subjects with increased awareness of their own behavior and how others perceive them is the objective of ________. A) sensitivity training B) survey feedback C) process consultation D) inter-group development E) MBWA

84. Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between communication and employee satisfaction? A) There is no documented relationship between communication and employee satisfaction. B) The greater the uncertainty in communication, the more positive the impact on employee satisfaction. C) Communication distortions and ambiguities have a negative impact on employee satisfaction. D) The less the uncertainty in communication, the more negative the impact on employee satisfaction. E) The less distortion in communication, the less employee satisfaction

85. Incongruities between verbal and nonverbal communication A) seldom impact satisfaction. B) increase uncertainty and thereby reduce satisfaction. C) increase employee satisfaction. D) decrease uncertainty. E) rarely occur in organizational settings.

85. Teams require individuals with high scores on all of the following personality characteristics EXCEPT A) introversion B) agreeableness C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) extroversion

15) Which approach to putting the JCM into practice is usually met with less than enthusiastic results by employees? A) job enlargement B) job rotation C) vertical loading D) participative management E) involvement

32) The Young Woman's Club of Williams has been operating for 75 years as an organization that supports women who stay at home. For years it has been one of the most prestigious organizations in town with a strong membership. This group has always held classes in cooking, sewing, and child rearing. It has always been made up of upper middle class women from the small town of Williams. As the area has grown, many people have moved into Williams and now commute to Capital City, just 15 miles away. Most of the newcomers are dual-income couples, with both spouses holding full-time jobs. The culture of the Young Woman's Club can be defined as A) a liability. B) a weak culture. C) an ambiguous culture. D) a diverse culture. E) a tolerant culture.

50) The Marines' boot camp is an example of A) onboarding. B) entry. C) socialization. D) culture shock. E) molding.

As you have observed your department manager and her interactions with the department's employees, you have come to believe in LMX theory. Sarah and Joe get less of the manager's time. Sally gets fewer of the preferred rewards that the manager controls and John has a relationship with the manager based on formal authority interactions. Rebecca is trusted. Jennifer gets a disproportionate amount of the manager's attention and is more likely to receive special privileges. According to LMX theory, the in-group is likely to be comprised of ________. A) Rebecca and Jennifer only B) Jennifer only C) Rebecca only D) John, Rebecca, and Jennifer only E) Sarah, Joe, Sally, and John only

Those employees who have been described as "retired on the job" are considered A) dissatisfied. B) disengaged. C) disloyal. D) uninvolved.

56) Your first day at work is part of the ________ stage of socialization. A) orientation B) prearrival C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) interview

57) Amalgamated Industries manufactures parts for furniture. Management has decided to change the method of payment to a skill-based plan. You are interested in increasing your current compensation and see this as an opportunity. You should expect to earn more if you ________. A) volunteer for overtime B) increase your production C) cross train in other jobs D) become a specialist E) master common skills

6) The key characteristic of organizational culture that assesses the degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth is termed ________. A) permanence B) aggressiveness orientation C) stability D) competitiveness E) reflexivity

61) If there is a basic conflict between the individual's expectations and the reality of working in an organization, the employee is most likely to be disillusioned and quit during which stage of socialization? A) prearrival B) ritual C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) reflection

36 Which dimension to organizational commitment is reflected in the perceived economic value of remaining with an organization compared to leaving it? A) general organizational commitment B) affective commitment C) continuance commitment D) normative commitment

36) Participative management and representative participation are forms of ________. A) job rotation B) job enrichment C) employee involvement D) employee recognition E) employee incentives

37) Which of the following statements is not an example of stereotyping? A) There is no need to offer child-care to him; men aren't interested in child care. B) Don't hire an older worker; they can't learn new skills. C) She was good at her last job, so she will be good at this one. D) She won't relocate for a promotion, since women don't relocate. E) The new hire will be emotionally insensitive, since he is a man.

40) One of the major reasons cited for the problems of AOL Time Warner's merger is A) financial incompatibility. B) product line incompatibility. C) culture clash. D) goal incompatibility. E) the size of the organizations.

26) Shortcuts in judging others include all of the following except ________. A) stereotyping B) halo effect C) selective perception D) self-serving bias E) contrast effects

74) What is creativity's greatest value in decision making? A) identifying the problem B) computing the optimal decision C) allocating weights to the alternatives D) helping identify all viable alternatives E) generating consensus

74) Your workforce is diverse in terms of their needs for benefits. Jim is married with two children and his wife is at home full time. Janet is single and supports her widowed mother. Bob is married and his wife has a high-paying job You decide that you want to devise a benefits program that is tailored to their individual needs. What sort of plan would provide pre-designed packages of benefits, put together to meet the needs of a specific group of employees? A) flexible spending B) core-plus C) cafeteria D) modular E) customized

75) All of the following are examples of material symbols that transmit organizational culture EXCEPT ________. A) top executives' use of the company jet B) the layout of corporate headquarters C) new employee orientations D) luxury cars for executives E) private parking spots

77) Gene is regarded by his peers as an extremely creative designer of watercraft. He attributes much of his success to his family: he was raised by a traditional boat builder and from a very early age was surrounded by boats and the people who made them. To what element of the three-component model of creativity does Gene attribute his success? A) intuitiveness B) insight C) intrinsic task motivation D) expertise E) creative thinking skills

24) Whenever Jane is successful she takes full credit for what has happened, but whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck or blames one of her fellow employees. She is guilty of ________. A) the fundamental attribution error B) attribution bias C) the halo effect D) distinctiveness E) the self-serving bias

31) Potential benefits of telecommuting include which of the following? A) a larger labor pool from which to select B) reduced office-space costs C) less turnover D) improved morale E) all of the above

Fiedler labels the degree of confidence, trust, and respect that subordinates have in their leader as ________. A) leader-member relations B) relationship orientation C) positional power D) employee-orientation E) context

Fran completes the LPC questionnaire and finds that she described her least-preferred co-worker in relatively positive terms. She is surprised by this finding because she recalls being particularly annoyed by this difficult co-worker. Based on your understanding of Fiedler's model, you explain to Fran that her LPC score makes sense within the model because: A) Fran tends to become very dominating when given ambiguous tasks. B) Fran is usually much more focused on productivity than on developing relationships. C) Fran tends in general to focus on building good relationships with the other employees at your company. D) Fran has a spotty work history and has tended to switch jobs every couple of years. E) Fran is usually chosen for positions of high responsibility within your organization.

If a leader's main concern is accomplishing his/her group's tasks, the University of Michigan studies label this leader ________. A) consideration-oriented B) managerial C) ineffective D) high achieving E) production-oriented

If a survey respondent sees his or her least preferred co-worker in unfavorable terms, Fiedler would categorize the respondent as ________. A) overly critical B) task-oriented C) emotionally deficient D) insightful E) laissez-faire

If behavioral leadership theories are correct, then ________. A) leadership behaviors are consistent B) leaders are born with leadership behaviors C) leaders' behavior should be altered D) leadership skills can be taught through training E) women generally make better leaders than men

In Fiedler's model, if a respondent describes his or her least preferred co-worker in relatively positive terms, then the respondent is considered to be ________. A) relationship-oriented B) positive C) consensus-building D) consideration-focused E) unrealistic

Organizational characteristics that can be substitutes for leadership include all of the following EXCEPT A) explicit formalized goals. B) rigid rules and procedures. C) cohesive work groups. D) mentor relationships. E) formalized goals.

The text suggests that transactional and transformational leadership should be viewed as ________. A) equivalent to charismatic leadership B) opposing approaches to accomplishing goals C) subcomponents of situational leadership D) the building blocks of charismatic leadership E) cumulative forms of leadership with transformational built on top of transactional leadership

The type of leader who guides or motivates his or her followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements is known as a(n) ________ leader. A) transactional B) charismatic C) transformational D) transcendent E) actuarial

Which model represents the theory that effective leadership depends upon a proper match between a leader's style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader? A) Leader-Member Exchange Model B) Fiedler's Contingency Model C) Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model D) Vroom and Yetton's Leader-Participation Model E) the Ohio State studies

You are an employee in a large organization. In this organization, there are two senior managers. The first of these mangers, John, prides himself on his ability to help his subordinates understand their roles in achieving company goals. He defines clear-cut steps for his subordinates to use in completing projects, and rewards them for using proven strategies. The second manager, Alan, feels that his role should be to provide individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation. His approach encourages creative problem solving and the development of new ideas. Most of the workers believe that both leaders are well trained, but Alan's employees remark that Alan seems to have a special leadership quality that sets him apart from the other managers. In his role as manager, Alan most likely exhibits all of the following characteristics EXCEPT ________. A) engaging in unconventional behavior B) making self-sacrifices C) acting in his own best interests D) setting an example for others to follow E) responsive to others' needs

Your boss has been reading several books on leadership. You notice that every few months he is spouting a different approach and philosophy. You have been trying to keep up with him and figure out which "leadership theory of the month" he is studying. This month, he seems to be focusing on whether the managers are employee-oriented or production-oriented. You deduce that he has been reading ________. A) Hersey and Blanchard B) Vroom and Yetton C) Fiedler D) House E) the University of Michigan studies

OBE-chapter 1, OBE-chapter 2, OBE-chapter 3, OBE- chapter 4, OBE-chapter 5, OBE-chapter 6, OBE-chapter 7, OBE CHAP 9, OBE CHAP 10, OBE-chapter 11, OBE-chapter 12, OBE-chapter 13, OBE - chapter 14, OBE-chapter 15, OBE101 - CHAP 16

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exam 4 hr frfr