OB/Gyn Review (for exam #2)

The most common cause of pelvic pain with pregnancy is

ectopic pregnancy

Compared with a normal IUP, the ectopic pregnancy will have a:

low HCG

A sonographic examination was performed on a pregnancy patient who complained of vaginal bleeding. Sonographically, a crescent-shaped anechoic area is noted adjacent to the gestational sac. The gestational sac contained a 6-week single live IUP. What is the most likely diagnosis?

subchorionic hemorrhage

What structure lies within the extraembryonic coelom?

yolk sac

What is the radiographic procedure used to evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes?

Hysterosalpingography

Patients with OHS are at increased risk for:

Ovarian torsion

Which of the following locations for an ectopic pregnancy would be least likely?

Ovary

A 26-year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility and oligomenorrhea. Sonographically, you discover that the ovaries are enlarged and contain multiple, small follicles along their periphery, with prominent echogenic stromal elements. What is the most likely diagnosis?

PCOS

What hormone, produced by the corpus luteum, maintains the thickened endometrium?

Progesterone

Which of the following is not a potential cause of PID? a. Intrauterine contraception use b. Postabortion c. Chlamydia d. Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis

During a first-trimester sonogram, you note a round, cystic structure within the fetal head. This most likely represents the

Rhombencephalon

The sonographic evidence of a hyperemic fallopian tube is consistent with:

Salpingitis

Amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity describe the clinical features of:

Stein Leventhal syndrome

A patient presents to the sonography department with a fever, chills, and vaginal discharge, sonographically, what findings would you most likely not encounter?

Uterine adhesions

All of the following statements concerning PID are true except: a. PID is typically a unilateral condition b. PID can be caused by douching c. PID can lead to a tubo ovarian abscess d. Dyspareunia is a clinical finding in acute PID ​

a. PID is typically a unilateral condition

Causes of female infertility include all of the following except: a. Previous intrauterine device use b. Polycystic ovary syndrome c. Asherman syndrome d. Endometriosis

a. Previous intrauterine device use

The most common site of fertilization is within the:

ampulla of the uterine tube

A 25-year old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of pelvic pain, dyspareunia and oligomenorrhea. An ovarian mass, thought to be a chocolate cysts, is noted during the examination. Which of the following is consistent with the sonographic appearance of a chocolate cyst? a. Simple appearing anechoic b. Echogenic mass with posterior shadowing c. Cystic mass with low level echoes d. Anechoic mass with posterior shadowing

c. Cystic mass with low level echoes

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with ectopic pregnancy except a. decidual thickening b. complex free fluid within the pelvis c. bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cyst d. complex adnexal mass separate from the ipsilateral ovary

c. bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cyst

With a normal pregnancy, the first structure noted within the decidualized endometrium is the:

chorionic sac

During a 12-week sonogram, bilateral echogenicity structures are noted within the lateral ventricles of the fetal cranium. These structures is most likely represent

choroid plexus

Sonographically, a normal appearing 7 week IUP is identified. Within the adnexa an ovarian cystic structure with a thick, hyperechoic rim is also discovered. What does ovarian mass most likely represent?

corpus luteum cyst

All of the following are contributing factors for an ectopic pregnancy except a. pelvic inflammatory disease b. assisted reproductive therapy c. IUCD d. Advanced paternal age

d. Advanced paternal age

Assisted reproductive therapy can result in all of the following except: ​a. Heterotopic pregnancy b. Multiple gestations c. OHS d. Asherman syndrome

d. Asherman syndrome

Sonographic findings of OHS include all of the following except: a. Cystic enlargement of the ovaries b. Ascites c. Pleural effusions d. Oliguria

d. Oliguria

A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of chlamydia and suspected PID. Which of the following would be indicative of the typical sonographic findings of PID? a. Enlarged cervix, thin endometrium, and theca lutein cysts b. Atrophic uterus, free fluid, and small ovaries c. Bilateral, cystic enlargement of the ovaries with no detectable flow d. Thickened irregular endometrium, cul de sac fluid, and complex adnexal masses

d. Thickened irregular endometrium, cul de sac fluid, and complex adnexal masses

All of the following are considered risk factors for PID except: a. IUD b. Multiple sexual partners c. Post childbirth d. Uterine leiomyoma

d. Uterine leiomyoma

All of the following are clinical features of an ectopic pregnancy except a. Pain b. vaginal bleeding c. shoulder pain d. adnexal ring

d. adnexal ring

All of the following are consistent with a complete hydatidiform mole except a. heterogeneous mass within the endometrium b. bilateral theca lutein cyst c. Hyperemesis gravidarum d. low HCG

d. low HCG

All of the following may be sonographic findings in the present of an ectopic pregnancy except a. pseudo gestational sac b. corpus luteum cyst c. adnexal ring d. low beta HCG

d. low beta HCG

The first sonographically identifiable sign of pregnancy is the:

decidual reaction

Another name for the chorionic sac is the

gestational sac

What structure connects the embryo to the yolk sac?

Vitelline duct

All of the following are sonographic findings of tubo ovarian abscess except: a. The presence of 10 or more small cysts along the periphery of the ovaries b. Cul de sac fluid c. Thickened, irregular endometrium d. Fusion of the pelvic organs as a conglomerated mass

a. The presence of 10 or more small cysts along the periphery of the ovaries

The most common location of an ectopic pregnancy is the

ampullary portion of the uterine tube

PID can lead to all of the following except: a. Infertility b. Polycystic ovarian disease c. Ectopic pregnancy d. Scar formation in the fallopian tubes

b. Polycystic ovarian disease

Sonographic findings of the endometrium in a patient with a history of PID, fever and elevated white blood cell count would include all of the following except: a. A ring-down artifact posterior to the endometrium b. Thin, hyperechoic endometrium c. Endometrial fluid d. Thickened, irregular endometrium

b. Thin, hyperechoic endometrium

All of the following would be associated with a lower than normal HCG level except a. ectopic pregnancy b. molar pregnancy c. blighted ovum d. spontaneous abortion

b. molar pregnancy

All of the following are clinical findings consistent with a complete molar pregnancy except a. vaginal bleeding b. Hypertension c. uterine enlargement d. small for dates

d. small for dates

Fertilization typically occurs within ___ after ovulation

24 hours

The development of adhesions within the uterine cavity is termed:

Asherman syndrome

The most common pelvic Mass associated with pregnancy is the

Corpus luteum cyst

A patient presents to the sonography department with complaints of infertility and painful menstrual cycles. Sonographically, you discover a cystic mass on the ovary consisting of low-level echoes. Based on the clinical and sonographic findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Endometrioma

The sonographic finding of a tubular, simple-appearing, anechoic structure within the adnexa is most consistent with

Hydrosalpinx

Which of the following would be the least likely clinical finding for a patient with endometriosis? a. Pelvic pain b. Dysmenorrhea c. Painful bowel movements d. Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism

what is often used to medically treat an ectopic pregnancy?

Methotrexate

A female patient presents to the sonography department with a clinical history of clomid treatment. She is complaining of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. What circumstance is most likely causing her clinical symptoms?

OHS

The sonographic "string of pearls" sign is indicative of

Polycystic ovary syndrome

he presence of pus within the uterus defines:

Pyometra

Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible would be seen with:

Stein Leventhal syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome may also be referred to as

Stein Leventhal syndrome

What is another name for an endometrioma?

Chocolate cyst

The presence of functional, ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus is termed:

Endometriosis

The structure created by the union of sperm and egg is the:

Zygote

Which of the following is the most likely metastatic location for GTD?

d. Lungs

Which of the following would be described as functional cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin?

Theca lutein cysts

All of the following are associated with an abnormal NT except a. Trisomy 21 b. Trisomy 16 c. Trisomy 18 d. Turner syndrome

Trisomy 16

What is the most common form of GTD?

complete molar pregnancy

The migration of the embryologic bowel into the base of the umbilical cord at 9 weeks is referred to as

psychologic bowel herniation

The normal gestational Sac will grow:

1 mm per day

In the first trimester, normal HCG levels will:

Double every 48 hours

What term is used to describe painful intercourse

Dyspareunia

A 35 year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of tubal ligation and positive pregnancy test. What condition should be highly suspected?

Ectopic pregnancy

What is the name of the dominant follicle prior to ovulation?

Graafian

The occurrence of having both an intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy at the same time describes:

Heterotopic pregnancy

Infertility is defined as

The inability to conceive a child after 1 years of unprotected intercourse

The first structure noted within the gestational sac is the:

yolk sac

What is another name for adhesions within the endometrial cavity?

Synechiae

What is the stage of the conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium?

Blastocyst

A malignant form of GTD is

Choriocarcinoma

Fitz hugh curtis syndrome could be described as: (perihepatic infection)

Clinical findings of gallbladder disease as a result of PID

What form of permanent birth control would be seen sonographically as echogenic, linear structures within the lumen of both isthmic positions of the fallopian tubes?

Essure devices

The development of adhesions between the liver and the diaphragm as a result of PID is termed:

Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome

The trophoblastic cell produce:

HCG

What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy?

HCG

Complex appearing fluid within the fallopian tubes seen with PID is most likely:

Pyosalpinx

OHS can cause multiple large follicles to develop on the ovaries termed:

Theca lutein cysts

The most common initial clinical presentations of PID is:

Vaginitis

In the early gestation, where is the secondary yolk sac located?

chorionic cavity

NT measures are typically obtain between:

11 and 14 weeks