OB/Gyn Review (for exam #2)
The most common cause of pelvic pain with pregnancy is
ectopic pregnancy
Compared with a normal IUP, the ectopic pregnancy will have a:
low HCG
A sonographic examination was performed on a pregnancy patient who complained of vaginal bleeding. Sonographically, a crescent-shaped anechoic area is noted adjacent to the gestational sac. The gestational sac contained a 6-week single live IUP. What is the most likely diagnosis?
subchorionic hemorrhage
What structure lies within the extraembryonic coelom?
yolk sac
What is the radiographic procedure used to evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes?
Hysterosalpingography
Patients with OHS are at increased risk for:
Ovarian torsion
Which of the following locations for an ectopic pregnancy would be least likely?
Ovary
A 26-year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility and oligomenorrhea. Sonographically, you discover that the ovaries are enlarged and contain multiple, small follicles along their periphery, with prominent echogenic stromal elements. What is the most likely diagnosis?
PCOS
What hormone, produced by the corpus luteum, maintains the thickened endometrium?
Progesterone
Which of the following is not a potential cause of PID? a. Intrauterine contraception use b. Postabortion c. Chlamydia d. Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis
During a first-trimester sonogram, you note a round, cystic structure within the fetal head. This most likely represents the
Rhombencephalon
The sonographic evidence of a hyperemic fallopian tube is consistent with:
Salpingitis
Amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity describe the clinical features of:
Stein Leventhal syndrome
A patient presents to the sonography department with a fever, chills, and vaginal discharge, sonographically, what findings would you most likely not encounter?
Uterine adhesions
All of the following statements concerning PID are true except: a. PID is typically a unilateral condition b. PID can be caused by douching c. PID can lead to a tubo ovarian abscess d. Dyspareunia is a clinical finding in acute PID
a. PID is typically a unilateral condition
Causes of female infertility include all of the following except: a. Previous intrauterine device use b. Polycystic ovary syndrome c. Asherman syndrome d. Endometriosis
a. Previous intrauterine device use
The most common site of fertilization is within the:
ampulla of the uterine tube
A 25-year old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of pelvic pain, dyspareunia and oligomenorrhea. An ovarian mass, thought to be a chocolate cysts, is noted during the examination. Which of the following is consistent with the sonographic appearance of a chocolate cyst? a. Simple appearing anechoic b. Echogenic mass with posterior shadowing c. Cystic mass with low level echoes d. Anechoic mass with posterior shadowing
c. Cystic mass with low level echoes
All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with ectopic pregnancy except a. decidual thickening b. complex free fluid within the pelvis c. bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cyst d. complex adnexal mass separate from the ipsilateral ovary
c. bilateral, multiloculated ovarian cyst
With a normal pregnancy, the first structure noted within the decidualized endometrium is the:
chorionic sac
During a 12-week sonogram, bilateral echogenicity structures are noted within the lateral ventricles of the fetal cranium. These structures is most likely represent
choroid plexus
Sonographically, a normal appearing 7 week IUP is identified. Within the adnexa an ovarian cystic structure with a thick, hyperechoic rim is also discovered. What does ovarian mass most likely represent?
corpus luteum cyst
All of the following are contributing factors for an ectopic pregnancy except a. pelvic inflammatory disease b. assisted reproductive therapy c. IUCD d. Advanced paternal age
d. Advanced paternal age
Assisted reproductive therapy can result in all of the following except: a. Heterotopic pregnancy b. Multiple gestations c. OHS d. Asherman syndrome
d. Asherman syndrome
Sonographic findings of OHS include all of the following except: a. Cystic enlargement of the ovaries b. Ascites c. Pleural effusions d. Oliguria
d. Oliguria
A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of chlamydia and suspected PID. Which of the following would be indicative of the typical sonographic findings of PID? a. Enlarged cervix, thin endometrium, and theca lutein cysts b. Atrophic uterus, free fluid, and small ovaries c. Bilateral, cystic enlargement of the ovaries with no detectable flow d. Thickened irregular endometrium, cul de sac fluid, and complex adnexal masses
d. Thickened irregular endometrium, cul de sac fluid, and complex adnexal masses
All of the following are considered risk factors for PID except: a. IUD b. Multiple sexual partners c. Post childbirth d. Uterine leiomyoma
d. Uterine leiomyoma
All of the following are clinical features of an ectopic pregnancy except a. Pain b. vaginal bleeding c. shoulder pain d. adnexal ring
d. adnexal ring
All of the following are consistent with a complete hydatidiform mole except a. heterogeneous mass within the endometrium b. bilateral theca lutein cyst c. Hyperemesis gravidarum d. low HCG
d. low HCG
All of the following may be sonographic findings in the present of an ectopic pregnancy except a. pseudo gestational sac b. corpus luteum cyst c. adnexal ring d. low beta HCG
d. low beta HCG
The first sonographically identifiable sign of pregnancy is the:
decidual reaction
Another name for the chorionic sac is the
gestational sac
What structure connects the embryo to the yolk sac?
Vitelline duct
All of the following are sonographic findings of tubo ovarian abscess except: a. The presence of 10 or more small cysts along the periphery of the ovaries b. Cul de sac fluid c. Thickened, irregular endometrium d. Fusion of the pelvic organs as a conglomerated mass
a. The presence of 10 or more small cysts along the periphery of the ovaries
The most common location of an ectopic pregnancy is the
ampullary portion of the uterine tube
PID can lead to all of the following except: a. Infertility b. Polycystic ovarian disease c. Ectopic pregnancy d. Scar formation in the fallopian tubes
b. Polycystic ovarian disease
Sonographic findings of the endometrium in a patient with a history of PID, fever and elevated white blood cell count would include all of the following except: a. A ring-down artifact posterior to the endometrium b. Thin, hyperechoic endometrium c. Endometrial fluid d. Thickened, irregular endometrium
b. Thin, hyperechoic endometrium
All of the following would be associated with a lower than normal HCG level except a. ectopic pregnancy b. molar pregnancy c. blighted ovum d. spontaneous abortion
b. molar pregnancy
All of the following are clinical findings consistent with a complete molar pregnancy except a. vaginal bleeding b. Hypertension c. uterine enlargement d. small for dates
d. small for dates
Fertilization typically occurs within ___ after ovulation
24 hours
The development of adhesions within the uterine cavity is termed:
Asherman syndrome
The most common pelvic Mass associated with pregnancy is the
Corpus luteum cyst
A patient presents to the sonography department with complaints of infertility and painful menstrual cycles. Sonographically, you discover a cystic mass on the ovary consisting of low-level echoes. Based on the clinical and sonographic findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Endometrioma
The sonographic finding of a tubular, simple-appearing, anechoic structure within the adnexa is most consistent with
Hydrosalpinx
Which of the following would be the least likely clinical finding for a patient with endometriosis? a. Pelvic pain b. Dysmenorrhea c. Painful bowel movements d. Hyperandrogenism
Hyperandrogenism
what is often used to medically treat an ectopic pregnancy?
Methotrexate
A female patient presents to the sonography department with a clinical history of clomid treatment. She is complaining of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. What circumstance is most likely causing her clinical symptoms?
OHS
The sonographic "string of pearls" sign is indicative of
Polycystic ovary syndrome
he presence of pus within the uterus defines:
Pyometra
Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible would be seen with:
Stein Leventhal syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome may also be referred to as
Stein Leventhal syndrome
What is another name for an endometrioma?
Chocolate cyst
The presence of functional, ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus is termed:
Endometriosis
The structure created by the union of sperm and egg is the:
Zygote
Which of the following is the most likely metastatic location for GTD?
d. Lungs
Which of the following would be described as functional cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin?
Theca lutein cysts
All of the following are associated with an abnormal NT except a. Trisomy 21 b. Trisomy 16 c. Trisomy 18 d. Turner syndrome
Trisomy 16
What is the most common form of GTD?
complete molar pregnancy
The migration of the embryologic bowel into the base of the umbilical cord at 9 weeks is referred to as
psychologic bowel herniation
The normal gestational Sac will grow:
1 mm per day
In the first trimester, normal HCG levels will:
Double every 48 hours
What term is used to describe painful intercourse
Dyspareunia
A 35 year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of tubal ligation and positive pregnancy test. What condition should be highly suspected?
Ectopic pregnancy
What is the name of the dominant follicle prior to ovulation?
Graafian
The occurrence of having both an intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy at the same time describes:
Heterotopic pregnancy
Infertility is defined as
The inability to conceive a child after 1 years of unprotected intercourse
The first structure noted within the gestational sac is the:
yolk sac
What is another name for adhesions within the endometrial cavity?
Synechiae
What is the stage of the conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium?
Blastocyst
A malignant form of GTD is
Choriocarcinoma
Fitz hugh curtis syndrome could be described as: (perihepatic infection)
Clinical findings of gallbladder disease as a result of PID
What form of permanent birth control would be seen sonographically as echogenic, linear structures within the lumen of both isthmic positions of the fallopian tubes?
Essure devices
The development of adhesions between the liver and the diaphragm as a result of PID is termed:
Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome
The trophoblastic cell produce:
HCG
What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy?
HCG
Complex appearing fluid within the fallopian tubes seen with PID is most likely:
Pyosalpinx
OHS can cause multiple large follicles to develop on the ovaries termed:
Theca lutein cysts
The most common initial clinical presentations of PID is:
Vaginitis
In the early gestation, where is the secondary yolk sac located?
chorionic cavity
NT measures are typically obtain between:
11 and 14 weeks
