ocean test ch. 5
The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of:
calorie
Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a:
change in state
negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit an atomic nucleus
electrons
All of the following processes decrease the salinity of water except:
evaporation
change in state from liquid to state
evaporation
Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.
false
At high latitudes, abundant precipitation and runoff from melting of freshwater icebergs both increase salinity.
false
Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect.
false
In distillation, saltwater is highly pressurized to drive water molecules through a membrane to remove salts.
false
Precipitation, runoff, melting icebergs, and sea ice formation all decrease salinity.
false
Processes that decrease seawater salinity include evaporation and sea ice formation.
false
Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances.
false
The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water.
false
The overall electrical charge of most atoms is balanced because each atom contains an equal number of protons and neutrons.
false
Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension.
false
area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth
halocline
The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:
temperature
As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline.
true
Chlorinity, which is the weight of the chloride ion, of a water sample can be used to calculate salinity.
true
Deep-ocean water contains more carbon dioxide than surface water because deep water is colder and has the ability to dissolve more gases.
true
Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind.
true
Except for the water itself, the chloride ion is the most abundant constituent in seawater.
true
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water.
true
Independent of the actual salinity, the ratios or proportions of the major dissolved constituents of seawater such as chloride, sodium, and magnesium are relatively constant.
true
The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.
true
The heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.
true
The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.
true
Water is the only naturally occurring substance on Earth that readily exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor).
true
water is a polar molecule
true
water molecules exhibit strong cohesion
true
The average salinity of typical seawater is:
3.5% or 35 ppt.
All of the following statements regarding pH are true except:
As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.
The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is:
HCO3-
basic building blocks of all matter
atoms
change in state from gas to liquid
condensation
bonds that involve the sharing of electrons between atoms
covalent bonds
precipitation
decreases seawater salinity
river input
decreases seawater salinity
As the salinity of seawater increases, its:
density increases
Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?
high heat capacity
Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to:
high surface tension
In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is:
higher than other liquids
bonds that hold adjacent water molecules together
hydrogen bonds
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. sodium ion B. calcium ion C. potassium ion D. hydrogen ion E. magnesium ion
hydrogen ion
The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:
hydrologic cycle
evaporation
increases seawater salinity
high temperature
increases seawater salinity
sea ice formation
increases seawater salinity
charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons
ions
Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:
is a polar molecule
the surface tension of water:
is relatively high
An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the:
pycnocline
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0C. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?
it remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise
All of the following are methods used to desalinate water except:
osmosis
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. pH B. latitude C. precipitation D. salinity E. temperature
pH
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. temperature B. salinity C. thermocline D. pycnocline E. distillation
pH
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. boiling point B. precipitation C. freezing point D. heat capacity E. surface tension
precipitation
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. desalination B. solar distillation C. pycnocline D. electrolysis E. reverse osmosis
pycnocline
area of rapid change in density with slight change in depth
pycnocline
The covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result of the:
sharing of electrons between the atoms
change in state from solid to gas
sublimation
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:
the polarity of water molecules
The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:
the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change.
A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:
thermocline