ocean test ch. 5

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of:

calorie

Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a:

change in state

negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit an atomic nucleus

electrons

All of the following processes decrease the salinity of water except:

evaporation

change in state from liquid to state

evaporation

Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.

false

At high latitudes, abundant precipitation and runoff from melting of freshwater icebergs both increase salinity.

false

Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect.

false

In distillation, saltwater is highly pressurized to drive water molecules through a membrane to remove salts.

false

Precipitation, runoff, melting icebergs, and sea ice formation all decrease salinity.

false

Processes that decrease seawater salinity include evaporation and sea ice formation.

false

Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances.

false

The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water.

false

The overall electrical charge of most atoms is balanced because each atom contains an equal number of protons and neutrons.

false

Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension.

false

area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth

halocline

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:

temperature

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline.

true

Chlorinity, which is the weight of the chloride ion, of a water sample can be used to calculate salinity.

true

Deep-ocean water contains more carbon dioxide than surface water because deep water is colder and has the ability to dissolve more gases.

true

Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind.

true

Except for the water itself, the chloride ion is the most abundant constituent in seawater.

true

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water.

true

Independent of the actual salinity, the ratios or proportions of the major dissolved constituents of seawater such as chloride, sodium, and magnesium are relatively constant.

true

The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.

true

The heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.

true

The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.

true

Water is the only naturally occurring substance on Earth that readily exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor).

true

water is a polar molecule

true

water molecules exhibit strong cohesion

true

The average salinity of typical seawater is:

3.5% or 35 ppt.

All of the following statements regarding pH are true except:

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.

The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is:

HCO3-

basic building blocks of all matter

atoms

change in state from gas to liquid

condensation

bonds that involve the sharing of electrons between atoms

covalent bonds

precipitation

decreases seawater salinity

river input

decreases seawater salinity

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

density increases

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to:

high surface tension

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is:

higher than other liquids

bonds that hold adjacent water molecules together

hydrogen bonds

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. sodium ion B. calcium ion C. potassium ion D. hydrogen ion E. magnesium ion

hydrogen ion

The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:

hydrologic cycle

evaporation

increases seawater salinity

high temperature

increases seawater salinity

sea ice formation

increases seawater salinity

charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons

ions

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

is a polar molecule

the surface tension of water:

is relatively high

An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the:

pycnocline

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0C. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

it remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise

All of the following are methods used to desalinate water except:

osmosis

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. pH B. latitude C. precipitation D. salinity E. temperature

pH

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. temperature B. salinity C. thermocline D. pycnocline E. distillation

pH

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. boiling point B. precipitation C. freezing point D. heat capacity E. surface tension

precipitation

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A. desalination B. solar distillation C. pycnocline D. electrolysis E. reverse osmosis

pycnocline

area of rapid change in density with slight change in depth

pycnocline

The covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result of the:

sharing of electrons between the atoms

change in state from solid to gas

sublimation

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

the polarity of water molecules

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change.

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:

thermocline