Organizational Behavior Final

Which of the following statements is true about scenario planning? Select one: a. It is unwittingly selective in the acquisition and use of evidence. b. It is the process of planning a solution based on employee preferences. c. It is a disciplined method for imagining possible futures. d. It is an act of reframing the problem in a unique way and generating different approaches to the issue. e. It is the act of calculating the conventionally accepted right answer to a logical problem.

It is a disciplined method for imagining possible futures.

Which of the following is the lowest level of employee involvement? Select one: a. Consult with individuals. b. Ask employees for specific information. c. Describe the problem to employees and ask for information. d. Create a team to make the decision. e. Create a team to make recommendations.

Ask employees for specific information.

Employee engagement is often described in terms of Select one: a. self-esteem. b. self-concept. c. self-efficacy. d. self-enhancement. e. self-verification.

self-efficacy.

Which of the following is one of the assumptions of the rational decision-making process? Select one: a. Decision makers evaluate alternatives against an implicit favorite. b. Decision makers choose the alternative that is good enough. c. Decision makers have well-articulated goals. d. Decision makers evaluate alternatives sequentially. e. Decision makers process perceptually distorted information.

Decision makers evaluate alternatives sequentially.

Which of the following statements is true about the innate drives of people? Select one: a. Drives refer to the secondary needs of individuals. b. Emotions that energize individuals to act on their environment produce drives. c. Drives include only the basic physiological essentials of individuals. d. Drives are the secondary sources of employee motivation. e. Drives are innate and universal to human beings

Drives are innate and universal to human beings

Which of the following occurs when organizations give financial incentives to prevent dissatisfied employees from quitting? Select one: a. Employees increase their level of affective commitment. b. Employees increase their level of continuance commitment. c. Employees increase their level of job satisfaction. d. Employees decrease their level of emotional intelligence. e. Employees decrease their level of continuance commitment

Employees increase their level of continuance commitment.

____ refers to the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad. Select one: a. Performance orientation b. Ethics c. Multicultural teams d. Legal obligations e. Organizational behavior

Ethics

Which of the following is an advantage of having moderate levels of organizational conflicts? Select one: a. It helps reduce organizational politics. b. It boosts employee motivation. c. It promotes organizational cohesion. d. It energizes people to evaluate alternatives. e. It reduces distorted perceptions and stereotypes.

It energizes people to evaluate alternatives.

Who developed the force field analysis model? Select one: a. Max Weber b. Henri Fayol c. Kurt Lewin d. Fred Fiedler e. Mary Parker Follett

Kurt Lewin

_____ theory identifies conditions that either limit the leader's ability to infuence subordinates or make a particular leadership style unnecessary. Select one: a. Transformational leadership b. Managerial leadership c. Leadership substitutes d. Path-goal e. Implicit leadership

Leadership substitutes

Which of the following statements is true about situations involving equity judgments? Select one: a. People avoid having a comparison other. b. People tend to be tolerant of situations where they are under-rewarded. c. People have a low E-to-P expectancy. d. People feel more comfortable in situations where they receive proportionately more than others. e. People believe that their outcome/input ratio should be similar to the outcome/input ratio of the comparison other.

People believe that their outcome/input ratio should be similar to the outcome/input ratio of the comparison other.

Which of the following is true about impression management? Select one: a. Employees rarely engage in pleasant impression management behavior to satisfy the basic norms of social behavior. b. Career professionals do not encourage impression management. c. Impression management is part of a larger category of influence tactics known as ingratiation. d. It is not common for people to rely on impression management to get ahead in the workplace. e. People who engage in high levels of ingratiation are less influential and less likely to get promoted.

People who engage in high levels of ingratiation are less influential and less likely to get promoted.

_____ affects the perceptual process because employees are more likely to remember information that is consistent with their self-concept and nonconsciously screen out information (particularly negative information) that seems inconsistent with it. Select one: a. Self-esteem b. Self-ecficacy c. Self-verification d. Self-centering e. Self-concept

Self-verification

_____ states that much learning and motivation occurs by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior. Select one: a. Equity theory b. Expectancy theory c. Four-drive theory d. Reinforcement theory e. Social cognitive theory

Social cognitive theory

George believes that women have difficulty coping with the stress of executive decisions. Sally is promoted into a senior management position, and George soon complains that Sally won't be able to cope with this job. George is exhibiting which of the following perceptual errors? Select one: a. Attribution error b. Stereotyping c. Projection bias d. Halo error e. Recency error

Stereotyping

_____ knowledge is the process of retaining knowledge, which is known as organizational memory. Select one: a. Storing b. Using c. Sharing d. Acquiring e. Evaluating

Storing

______ is the adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's well-being. Select one: a. Self-leadership b. Job burnout c. Eustress d. Workaholism e. Stress

Stress

________ involves modifying behavior to be consistent with required emotions but continuing to hold different internal feelings. Select one: a. Surface acting b. Customization c. Personalization d. Deep acting e. Emotional dissonance

Surface acting

Which of the following tends to happen when an organization's culture is misaligned with its external environment? Select one: a. The corporate culture gets stronger. b. The organization's subcultures weaken. c. The organization has more difficulty anticipating and responding to stakeholder needs. d. The organization is unable to develop subcultures. e. The various subcultures within the organization keep changing.

The organization has more difficulty anticipating and responding to stakeholder needs.

Action research is Select one: a. the theoretical foundation for appreciative inquiry. b. a form of team-building activity. c. a highly participative process of planned change. d. a social structure created alongside the formal organization for the purpose of refreezing the desired conditions. e. a process with very high level of people orientation.

a highly participative process of planned change.

The attribute perspective of leadership identifies drive, integrity, and emotional intelligence as the Select one: a. substitutes for leadership. b. main elements of situational leadership theory. c. attributes of effective leaders. d. contingencies in path-goal theory. e. essential traits of engaging in managerial leadership.

attributes of effective leaders.

The _____ of organizational effectiveness is a composite of four perspectives: open systems, organizational learning, high-performance work practices, and stakeholders. Select one: a. open system b. dependent variable c. best yardstick d. good t e. dependent variable

best yardstick

To ward off stress, a film director likes to have a good laugh. When under pressure, the director will crack jokes and ensure everyone has a good laugh during the hard work. These actions mainly reduce stress by Select one: a. removing the stressor. b. providing social support. c. changing stress perceptions. d. controlling the consequences of stress. e. being a workaholic.

changing stress perceptions.

Referent power is typically associated with Select one: a. reward systems. b. power distance. c. uncertainty avoidance. d. peer pressure. e. charisma.

charisma.

Organizational politics is suppressed when resource allocation decisions are Select one: a. questionable. b. costly and vague. c. reinforced. d. clear and simplified. e. lack support

clear and simplied.

In order to maintain the exchange relationship, the dependent party must have _____ over the dominant party. Select one: a. countervailing power b. substitutability c. reverse dependence d. visibility e. legitimate power

countervailing power

Which of the following organizational design elements determines the sharing of resources and encourages coordination through informal communication? Select one: a. span of control b. formalization c. centralization d. departmentalization e. standardization

departmentalization

Which of the following sources of conflict is typically associated with mergers and acquisitions, where everyone wants the company to succeed, but they fight over the "right way" to do things because of their unique experiences in the separate companies? Select one: a. task interdependence b. differentiation c. goal incompatibility d. scarce resources e. disintermediation

differentiation

People with more positive emotions typically have higher ____________ and are extroverted. Select one: a. neuroticism b. emotional stability c. turnover d. consistency e. complexity

emotional stability

The preemployment stage of organizational socialization would be more effective if Select one: a. employers avoided forming a psychological contract. b. employers and job applicants gave and received accurate information about each other. c. employers and applicants experienced reality shock when meeting each other for the first time. d. job applicants distorted their resume in order to get the job offered. e. the applicants kept a clean slate and avoided searching for information on the company and forming expectations.

employers and job applicants gave and received accurate information about each other.

Which of the following theories suggests that employee motivation is influenced by what other people contribute to and receive from the organization? Select one: a. expectancy theory b. equity theory c. needs-based theory d. need theory e. goal-setting theory

equity theory

Several employees in a newly formed group must work together to develop a new product. No one in this group has worked with anyone else in this group before, and the development of this product has not been attempted previously. According to the media richness model, which of the following communication channels is most appropriate in this situation? Select one: a. written documents b. email c. face-to-face meetings d. bulletin boards e. financial statements

face-to-face meetings

Organizational behavior knowledge is Select one: a. for managers. b. for employees. c. for consumers. d. for everyone. e. for stakeholders.

for everyone.

When someone says, "The lightbulb just went on," they are in the _____ stage. Select one: a. incubation b. illumination c. preparation d. verification e. convergent thinking

illumination

Which strategy to reduce social loafing are you implementing if each team member's task has high motivation potential? Select one: a. form smaller teams b. specialize tasks c. measure individual performance d. increase job enrichment e. select motivated team-oriented employees

increase job enrichment

Lorraine has worked at GHI Inc. for 14 years. GHI has a large building where each divisional unit is located on a different floor. Lorraine works on the accounting floor and belongs to the budget committee, where she met Sally from Engineering and Jonas from Receiving. This committee provides recommendations to upper management on various financial issues affecting the company. Each week, the three meet after work on Thursdays to play darts at a local pub. The three meeting after work to play darts is an example of a(n) Select one: a. community of practice. b. self-directed team. c. informal group. d. skunkworks. e. advisory team.

informal group.

BarkBark Inc. and Happy Toys Ltd. are considering a merger and are unsure whether their two organizations will have a difficult time with clashing cultures. They perform a detailed diagnosis, collecting and analyzing the gathered data about the two merging companies. They identify several overlapping values, which they feel that they can effectively meld into a cohesive new culture. What type of cultural merge would be best for BarkBark? Select one: a. integration b. deculturation c. assimilation d. separation e. incorporation

integration

An individual's personality Select one: a. changes several times throughout the year. b. is formed only from childhood socialization and the environment. c. is less evident in situations where social norms, reward systems, and other conditions constrain behavior. d. does not provide an enduring pattern of processes. e. is more prominent when rewards for behavior are substantial.

is less evident in situations where social norms, reward systems, and other conditions constrain behavior.

When a sender and receiver belonging to the same group want to transmit technical information more efficiently, they should use Select one: a. jargon that they both understand. b. information filtering. c. mediators in communication. d. nonverbal communication. e. formal written communication.

jargon that they both understand.

According to the attribute perspective of leadership Select one: a. effective leadership involves being both task-oriented and people-oriented. b. the best leadership style depends on the situation. c. introducing specific environmental conditions can replace the need for leaders. d. leadership is a personal characteristic of the person. e. people tend to inflate the importance of leadership in explaining organizational events.

leadership is a personal characteristic of the person.

Employees who experience organizational politics from others have which of the following? Select one: a. higher job satisfaction b. lack of organizational commitment c. lower organizational citizenship d. lower levels of work-related stress e. higher motivation to stay with the organization

lower organizational citizenship

Shared _____ enable more accurate transmission of the message content and reduce the need for communication about the message context. Select one: a. codebooks b. mental models c. dictionaries d. messages e. conversations

mental models

Keeping the team size sufficiently small and designing tasks such that each team member's performance is measurable are two ways to Select one: a. minimize team cohesiveness. b. add more roles to the team. c. increase the risk of forming dysfunctional norms. d. minimize social loafing. e. minimize the process losses

minimize social loafing.

International Manufacturing & Trading (IMT) is a medium-sized U.S. company rapidly expanding in the Asian and Far East markets. The company has decided to open a manufacturing plant in Japan, Taiwan, and Malaysia. IMT will send key top managers from the U.S. oce and will hire the lower-level managers and employees from the local markets. IMT managers realize that there will be some cultural differences but are unsure of what and how much. U.S. managers tend to be Select one: a. more individualistic. b. high in nurturing. c. more collectivist. d. low in achievement orientation. e. high in uncertainty avoidance

more individualistic

Organizational behavior views organizations as Select one: a. non-systems. b. a single unitary subsystem. c. open systems. d. closed systems. e. a system without interactions with the external environment.

open systems.

When companies assign sales targets, they are using which type of coordination? Select one: a. outputs b. skills c. processes d. formal hierarchy e. temporary teams

outputs

The main premise of _____ is that effective leaders choose one or more leadership styles to influence employee expectations regarding achievement of desired results. Select one: a. path-goal leadership b. shared leadership c. managerial leadership d. transformational leadership e. servant leadership

path-goal leadership

Which of the following interpersonal conflict management styles represents a purely win-win orientation? Select one: a. forcing b. yielding c. avoiding d. problem solving e. compromising

problem solving

Which one of the following types of teams is best known for having members who are organized around work processes that complete an entire piece of work requiring several interdependent tasks and have substantial autonomy over the execution of those tasks? Select one: a. self-directed b. communities of practice c. task forces d. informal groups e. production teams

self-directed

Gina and Chen are both managers at CPA4U, a large accounting rm. Each has a very different management style. Gina is very outgoing and constantly checking on her subordinates to see if there is any way she can help them to complete their projects. She also brings in fresh flowers for the lunchroom weekly and always remembers everyone's birthday. Chen is much more introverted and communicates with his subordinates mainly through email, and he has his subordinates submit daily reports on their progress toward the weekly goals he has assigned them. Which type of leader is Gina? Select one: a. servant leader b. emotional leader c. path-goal leader d. task-oriented leader e. transformational leader

servant leader

A significant discovery in equity theory research is that people tend to keep _____ comparison other(s) throughout their working lives. Select one: a. one specific b. zero c. several d. only two e. few

several

Steelweld, a car parts manufacturer, pays employees a higher hourly rate as they learn to master more parts of the work process. Employees earn $10 per hour when they are hired, and they can earn up to $20 per hour if they master all 12 work units in the production process. Which of these reward systems is being applied by Steelweld? Select one: a. skill-based pay b. piece-rate pay c. job evaluation system d. seniority-based pay e. membership-based pay

skill-based pay

Unintentional discrimination occurs when decision makers rely on ______ to establish notions of the "ideal" person. Select one: a. stereotypes b. empathy c. homogenization d. differentiation e. categorization

stereotypes

According to expectancy theory, giving more valued rewards to employees with higher job performance mainly increases motivation by Select one: a. strengthening the E-to-P expectancies of employees. b. introducing a negative valence in the organization. c. weakening the E-to-P expectancies of employees. d. strengthening both the E-to-P and P-to-O expectancies of employees. e. strengthening the P-to-O expectancies of employees.

strengthening the P-to-O expectancies of employees.

When team cohesion is low, leaders should use a(n) _____ style. Select one: a. controlling b. supportive c. directive d. transformational e. achievement-oriented

supportive

A task force refers to any Select one: a. informal group that has the same members as the permanent task-oriented group. b. formal group whose members work permanently and spend most of their time in that team. c. formal group whose members must be able to perform all of the tasks of the team. d. temporary team that investigates a particular problem and typically disbands when the decision is made. e. temporary team that has members in different locations who depend on information technologies to communicate and coordinate their work effort.

temporary team that investigates a particular problem and typically disbands when the decision is made.

An effective vision is Select one: a. dividing. b. blending. c. intersecting. d. unifying. e. isolating.

unifying.

Which of the following reduces stress by allowing withdrawal from the stressor? Select one: a. flexible work schedules b. vacations c. work addiction d. telecommuting e. workaholism

vacations

A need for achievement is when people Select one: a. want to accomplish reasonably challenging goals and desire unambiguous feedback. b. want to accomplish extremely challenging goals and do not want unambiguous feedback. c. want to accomplish extremely challenging goals and desire unambiguous feedback. d. want to accomplish reasonably challenging goals and do not want unambiguous feedback. e. want to accomplish less challenging goals and desire unambiguous feedback.

want to accomplish reasonably challenging goals and desire unambiguous feedback.

Compared to men, women pay more attention to the relationship between the parties, so their preferred style tries to protect the relationship. This is apparent in less forcing, more avoiding, and slightly more use of compromising and Select one: a. problem-solving. b. avoiding. c. forcing. d. yielding. e. cooperating.

yielding.