Orthopedics
what does the acronym CR stand for?
Closed Reduction
_________ requires a percutaneous stick and the insertion of a series of small Steinman pins through the bone and several distraction rods.
Closed reduction application of an external fixator
Opening of an angle or backward movement
Extension
T/F Compartment syndrome is a condition of a decrease in the resting pressure in a contained compartment, such as the leg or the forearm.
False
________ is not an indication for an arthroplasty.
Nondisplaced fracture
__________ fractures are always an emergent situation.
Open
All of the following are indications for external fixation except:
clean long bone fractures
Orthopedic saws are identified by the movement of the blade. Which saw blade is mounted on the saw and moves side to side?
oscillating
The most logical size tap that will be used with a 3.5 mm screw is _________.
3.5
Name the nerve affected by Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Median nerve
The shaft of the long bone is called ________.
the diaphysis
A triple arthrodesis involves fusion of _______ ankle joint/joints.
three
Surgery on the medial malleolus would be on the __________.
tibia
Intramedullary nails are commonly used to repair fractures of the _________.
tibia and femur
Compression force of the distal femur upon the tibia produces varying types of fractures of the:
tibial plateau
The surgical goal of a Bankart procedure is __________.
to correct a recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder
Why would a patient who has just undergone an Achilles tendon repair have to have a cast or splint to keep the foot in a plantar flexed position?
to keep the stress of the new suture line
The ________ is not part of the bone-healing process.
traction phase
An enlargement of the flexor tendon or inflammation of the sheath that may lead to a discrepancy in the size of the tendon and the pulley, particularly the first annular pulley over the volar plate of the MCP joint, is called ________.
trigger finger
An Achilles tendon rupture presents ________.
with the inability to plantar flex the foot
A continuous passive motion device (CPM machine) is applied after some knee surgeries. The benefit(s) would include:
-decrease of pain and swelling -decrease of joint stiffness
Complications that arise from fractured bones include ________.
-hemorrhage -nerve injury -organ injury
Away from the midline
Abduction
In a Keller bunionectomy, after the osteotomy is made the bone is fixed with __________.
K-wires
Which ligament originates from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and extends to the lateral condyle of the femur?
anterior cruciate ligament
Joint reconstruction is known as __________.
arthroplasty
A patient is scheduled to undergo an anterior cruciate ligament repair. The surgeon plans to use the patient's patellar tendon. This is an example of which type of graft?
autograft
Rheumatoid arthritis is best classified as:
autoimmune disease
A pneumatic tourniquet is placed:
before the patient is prepped and drapped
A Colles fracture is a fracture of the __________.
distal radius
Bone grafts are usually taken from the _______.
iliac crest
Which instrument is used to prepare the acetabulum during a total hip arthroplasty?
reamer
In __________ contrast dye is injected into the joint space to help highlight the joint structures such as theligaments, cartilage, tendons, and joint capsule
arthogram
Aseptic necrosis of bones may be caused by all of the following except:
bacteria
A knuckle-shaped portion of bone, generally found in association with a joint is called a ________.
condyle
Describe how a lag screw functions to reduce a fracture differently from a regular bone screw.
Lag screws sit perpendicular to fx site. Screw threads glide through proximal cortex, biting into distal cortex and drawing it up to compress fragments together.
What is the first thing you would do if you noticed that the cement was mixed incorrectly during a TKA?
Notify the surgeon immediately and explain, discard, and then request a new batch
In _______ the bone ends are approximated (reduced) externally and may be held in place by device such as a pin.
closed reduction percutaneous pinning
If a long bone fracture has numerous lines and fragments, it is called:
comminuted
A toe that is contracted at the PIP joint is called a/an ________.
hammertoe
Name two specific fractures or instances where a surgeon might use an external fixator device.
- Wrist or forearm fx -long bone fx -when infection is also present -severe comminuted fx -pelvic fx -when severe swelling occurs
What are the three stages of bone healing, and what occurs during each phase?
-Inflammatory: Blood from the bone and surrounding tissue collect at the fracture site and clot and fibroblasts in the area of the injury create a network of granulation tissue. -Reparative: Growth cells from the periosteum develop into rudimentary bone cells and cartilage which forms a callus. Ossification later occurs as this soft callus is replaced by bone cells and minerals. -Remodeling: Takes place over a period of weeks or months, the initial bone matrix is replaced with compact bone and the excess callus is absorbed
Beside strict adherence to aseptic technique, explain 2 specific ways the ST alone can promote avoidance of an infection during a total joint replacement.
-change gloves after draping and every 2 hours -wear hoods -limit traffic -double glove care with draping -minimize handling of implant
Place the stages of fracture healing in order: (1) hematoma formation, (2) remodeling, (3) fibrin network formation, (4) callus formation, (5) invasion of osteoblasts.
1,3,5,4,2
Which procedure requires some type of fixation device?
ACL repair
Toward the midline
Adduction
T/F Freer periosteal elevators come in 112 inch to 2 inches in width and can be curved or straight.
False
T/F The Bankhart and Putti-Platt are common procedures to repair an unstable ankle.
False
T/F To exsanguinate the limb, the surgeon might wrap the limb tightly, beginning at the proximal limb and working in a distal direction.
False
Closing of an angle or forward movement
Flexion
List the 3 functions of the skeletal system:
Framework, movement, protection mineral storage source of RBC
A fracture that has not healed within an average time frame is called a/an _________.
delayed union fracture
The ______ does not make up the rotator cuff.
deltoid muscle
The ________ joint is also called a synovial joint.
diarthrosis
The instrument sequence for placement of a surgical screw is __________.
drill, depth gauge, screw
The use of plate and screw geometry to apply forces at a fracture site is called?
dynamic compression
Power tools may function by ________.
electricity, batteries, or nitrogen
The distal and proximal ends of the long bones are called ________.
epiphyses
On which bone is the chamfer cut performed during a total knee arthroplasty?
femur
In orthopedic instrumentation, extractors are designed to _________.
fit over the head of the fixation device for its removal
The initial step in the body's repair of a fracture involves _______.
hematoma formation
Orthopedic implants are covered by all of the following rules except:
if the implant is driven by force, a driver with a metal head must be used
All of the following are properties of plaster casting except ________.
it is waterproof
Which is the largest and most complex of the synovial joints?
knee
What position would your patient most likely be placed in for a left total hip arthroplasty?
lateral
Elevators are used to:
lift the periosteum from the surface of the bone
Whenever power-driven cutting instruments are in use, the scrub should ________.
lightly irrigate the cutting blade with a sterile normal saline
MCP arthroplasty is typically done due to ______.
long-standing rheumatic arthritis
When the surgeon's hands provide the forces pulling on the bone being realigned, it is called _________.
manual traction
Which of the following is a clinical sign and symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome?
numbness of the fingers
Bone healing is termed ___________.
osteogenesis
Which of the following diseases has the highest incidence among postmenopausal women?
osteoporosis
The most common primary malignant tumor of bones is called:
osteosarcoma
The most common symptom of degenerative joint disease is:
pain
Choose the bones that comprise the knee joint.
patella, tibia, femur
A fracture caused by metastatic disease is called a/an ______.
pathologic fracture
Equipment used to repair a femoral neck fracture using a compression screw and sliding plate includes all of the following except:
pneumatic tournament
Baker's cysts are found in the ___________.
popliteal fossa
Name 3 instruments specific to a THA (total hip arthroplasty) and a use for each.
reamer, broach, cutting guides, impactor
Electromyography (EMG) __________.
records and analyzes the electrical activity in the muscles
Which of the following instruments are needed for a diagnostic arthroscopy?
scope, camera, right-angle probe, irrigation cannula
Anterior glenohumeral dislocation is a dislocation of the ________ joint.
shoulder
A traction that requires surgical insertion of metal rods or pins through bone, and are attached to a traction device that applies force or is attached to a weighted pulley is known as:
skeletal traction
De Quervain's contracture release is ________.
stenosed tenosynovitis
Turning the hand so that the palm is upward is referred to as _________.
supination
All of the following statements are false except:
surgical implant information including number used, type, and size is recorded
A joint that is immovable, such as the union of the major skull bones, is a/an ________.
synarthrosis
_______ requires the use of orthopedic implants.
Open reduction internal fixation
The _____ is a knee retractor.
Blount
what does the acronym ORIF stand for
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
_________ serve/serves as a supporting structure for blood vessels nourishing bone and for the attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
The periosteum
T/F If your surgeon was about to permanently place a total hip joint implant he or she might use animpactor to prevent the mallet from contacting the fixation device and scratching, nicking, or dentingit
True
T/F The pullout strength of a screw is proportional to the surface area of thread that is in contact with the bone.
True
T/F The total time that the tourniquet is inflated should not exceed 1 hour on the arm and 2 hours on the thigh.
True
Bent or twisted away from the midline
Valgus
Bent or twisted toward midline
Varus
Hematopoiesis is the production of ___________.
blood cells and hemoglobin
Which of the following sutures would not be used to attach tendon to bone?
chromic