OSCM Chapter 7: Manufacturing Processes
4 Basic Process Types
1) Job Shop (work center) 2) Batch Shop (manufacturing cell) 3) Assembly Line 4) Continuous Flow
Two main considerations of Process Selection
1) Variety - how much the product changes from consumer to consumer 2) Volume - of demand
Assembly Line
A process structure designed to make discrete parts moving through a set of specifically designed workstations at a controlled rate
Job Shop
A process structure suited for low-volume production of a great variety of nonstandard products. Each job may require a different set or sequence of processing steps
Batch Shop
A process structure that produces a variety of standard products at relatively low volumes.
Continuous Flow
An often automated process structure that connects raw materials into finished product in one continuous process
In __________ firms, One capability required is an engineering design that enables as much flexibility as possible in combining components, options, and modules into finished goods
Assemble to Order
There are significant advantages from moving the customer order decoupling point from finished goods to components in _________ firms
Assemble to Order
The Customer Order Decoupling Point for inventory concentrated in Work-in-Process is...
Assemble-To-Order
Dell Computers being made is an example of a _______________ Process
Assembling Process
Assembly of: - Toys - Appliances - Circuit board comments are examples of an.....
Assembly Line
_____________'s produce high volume, standardized products
Assembly Lines
A ________ could be described as a somewhat standardized Job Shop
Batch Shop
What is the relation between the equipment in a Batch Shop and a Job Shop?
Batch Shop equipment does NOT need to be as flexible as a in Job Shop
Bakeries, magazines, books, heavy equipment and electronic devices are made in...
Batch Shops
In ________, the products are produced periodically in batches to reduce the impact of setup the on equipment
Batch Shops
__________'s are employed when a business has a relatively stable line of products
Batch Shops
___________'s feature highly standardized products with no variety
Continuous Flow
- Petroleum - Steel - Sugar - Flour Are all examples of...
Continuous Flows
What is the skill level of workers in a continuous flow?
Could be low to high, depending on the complexity of the system of the expertise workers need
A primary task in an assemble to order firm is to...
Define a customer's order in terms of alternate components since these are carried in inventory
Large construction projects, one-off products, such as Formula 1 cars and custom motorcycles are examples of an ____________ firm's process
Engineer to Order
The Customer Order Decoupling Point for inventory concentrated At the Supplier is...
Engineer-to-Order
Engineer-To-Order Firm
Firm that will work with the customer to design and then make the product
Assemble-to-Order Firms
Firms that combine a number of preassembled modules to meet a customer's specification
Make-to-Order Firm
Firms that make the customer's product from raw materials, parts and components
Make to Stock Firms
Firms that serve customers from finished goods inventory
- General Purpose Equipment - High flexibility equipment - Skilled workers Are all found in a...
Job Shop
- Commercial Printing Firms - A copy center making a single copy of a term paper - Airplane manufacturers Are examples of...
Job Shops
What is the skill level of Assembly Line workers?
Low af.
Boeing's process for making commercial aircraft is an example of a _____________ firm's process
Make to Order
In _________ & ______ firms, customer order decoupling point could be in either raw materials at the manufacturing site or the supplier inventory
Make to Order Engineer to Order
The Customer Order Decoupling Point for inventory concentrated in Finished Goods is...
Make-To-Stock
The Customer Order Decoupling Point for inventory concentrated in Manufacturing Raw Materials is...
Make-to-Order
Volume
Process Selection consideration: The level of demand
Variety
Process selection consideration : How much the product changes from customer to customer.
Product-Process Matrix
Shows the relationship between process structures and product volume and variety characteristics
Assembly Lines have ______ flexibility with their equipment
Slight
According to the Product-Process Matrix, what happens as the volume increases and the product line narrows?
Specialized equipment and standardized material flows become economically feasible
What is the relation between the worker skill level in a Batch Shop and a Job Shop?
The skill level of workers does NOT need to be as high in a Batch Shop as it is in a Job Shop
Process Selection
The strategic decision of selecting which kind of production processes to use to produce a product or provide a service
Lead Time
The time needed to respond to a customer order
Customer Order Decoupling Point
Where inventory is positioned to allow entities in the supply chain to operate independently