overview of the skeleton
bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones, but also in the spaces of
cancellous bone
an example of short bone
carpal
fibers embedded in a firm gel
cartilage
cartilage cells
chondrocytes
the epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of
chondrocytes
lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased ___ and excessive ___
collagen formation, calcium withdrawal
dense bone tissue
compact
the shaft of the long bone
diaphysis
the shaft portion of a long bone is termed the ____ of the bone
diaphysis
when bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate
disappears
a human skeleton that is taken apart is called a
disarticulated skeleton
the external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tube are composed of
elastic cartilage
most bones of the body are formed by
endochondral ossification
the ___ lines the medullary cavity of long bones
endosteum
the inner lining of the medullary cavity is called the
endosteum
the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
the end of a long bone
epiphysis
the head region on the end of a long bone shaft is the
epiphysis
an example of a long bone
femur
the intervertabral discs are composed of
fibrocartilage
when classified according to shape, the pelvic bone is considered to be
flat
there are ___ types of bone
four
the first step to healing a bone fracture is
fracture hematoma formation
list the steps to healing a bone fracture
fracture hematoma formation callus formation collar formation alignment of fracture
structual unit of compact bone
haversian system
used to describe the process of blood cell formation
hematopoieses
the most abundant type of cartilage
hyaline
what are the components of bone matrix
inorganic salts, organic matrix, collagenous fibers
in the coloring figure of the long bone, the epiphyseal plate is shown. what is the reason for its presence?
it is an area of growth between the epiphysis and diaphysis during bone development
small spaces in which bone cells lie are called
lacunae
the primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate
lengthening long bones
haversian canals run ___, whereas volkmanns canals run ___ to the bone
lengthwise, transverse
when classified according to shape, the femur is a
long bone
bones may be classified by shape. those shapes include
long,short,flat and irregular
the human skeleton functions to
produce blood tissue, store fat and minerals, protect vital organs, allow movement of the body, provide a supporting framework
blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in
red bone marrow
found in almost all of the bones of an infants body
red marrow
the bones in an adult that include red marrow are
ribs, pelvis, and femur
vitamin d deficiency can result in
rickets
lamellae
ring of bone
an example of a flat bone
scapulae
tiny round specks of bone found in a tendon are often called
sesamoid bones
a bone that is as long as it is wide is classified as a
short bone
ends of long bones
spongy
red bone marrow is associated with
spongy-myeloid bone tissue
needle-like threads of spongy bone
trabeculae
an example of an irregular bone
vertebrae
your physician has just informed you that you have 40 bones in your skull. this means
you have sutural bones in your skull
the same physician tells you that all of your knee ligaments have been severed. this means that
your leg bones are not being held together very well
bones serve as the major reservoir for ___, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle function
calcium
connect lacunae
canaliculi
what tissue(s) is present in a typical long bone
blood tissue, cancellous bone, compact bone, dense fibrous, and hyaline cartilage
there are ___ bones in a standard human skeleton
206
bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of
35 and 40 years
also known as osteitis deformans
Paget's Disease
yellow bone marrow is made of
adipose cartilage
the bones of the upper and lower extremities make up the
appendicular skeleton
the growth of cartilage occurs by both
appositional and interstitial growth
the addition on bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called
appositional growth
the ___ on the outside of the long bone is made of hyaline cartilage
articular
a thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the
articular cartilage
the ___ articulates with another bone or bone process
articular cartilage
the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows
articular cartilage
the ___ is the central space of the long bone
medullary cavity
the ___ is the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone
medullary cavity
the tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis of long bones
medullary cavity
the cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are
osteoblasts
the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue
osteocarma
the most common type of skeletal tissue tumor
osteochondroma
calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit
osteoclasts
giant, multinucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called
osteoclasts
bone cells
osteocytes
a term referring to the formation of new haversian systems is
osteogenesis
a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue
osteomyelitis
the basic structual unit of compact bone is
osteon
a common bone disease often occurring in postmenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porous, brittle, and fragile bones
osteoporosis
low blood calcium evokes a response from
parathyroid hormone
an example of a sesamoid bone
patella
the fibrous covering of cartilage is
perichondrium
a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at joint surfaces
periosteum
an attachment for muscle fibers
periosteum
outer covering of bone
periosteum
the fibrous covering of a long bone is called the
periosteum
