overview of the skeleton

bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones, but also in the spaces of

cancellous bone

an example of short bone

carpal

fibers embedded in a firm gel

cartilage

cartilage cells

chondrocytes

the epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of

chondrocytes

lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased ___ and excessive ___

collagen formation, calcium withdrawal

dense bone tissue

compact

the shaft of the long bone

diaphysis

the shaft portion of a long bone is termed the ____ of the bone

diaphysis

when bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate

disappears

a human skeleton that is taken apart is called a

disarticulated skeleton

the external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tube are composed of

elastic cartilage

most bones of the body are formed by

endochondral ossification

the ___ lines the medullary cavity of long bones

endosteum

the inner lining of the medullary cavity is called the

endosteum

the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

endosteum

the end of a long bone

epiphysis

the head region on the end of a long bone shaft is the

epiphysis

an example of a long bone

femur

the intervertabral discs are composed of

fibrocartilage

when classified according to shape, the pelvic bone is considered to be

flat

there are ___ types of bone

four

the first step to healing a bone fracture is

fracture hematoma formation

list the steps to healing a bone fracture

fracture hematoma formation callus formation collar formation alignment of fracture

structual unit of compact bone

haversian system

used to describe the process of blood cell formation

hematopoieses

the most abundant type of cartilage

hyaline

what are the components of bone matrix

inorganic salts, organic matrix, collagenous fibers

in the coloring figure of the long bone, the epiphyseal plate is shown. what is the reason for its presence?

it is an area of growth between the epiphysis and diaphysis during bone development

small spaces in which bone cells lie are called

lacunae

the primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate

lengthening long bones

haversian canals run ___, whereas volkmanns canals run ___ to the bone

lengthwise, transverse

when classified according to shape, the femur is a

long bone

bones may be classified by shape. those shapes include

long,short,flat and irregular

the human skeleton functions to

produce blood tissue, store fat and minerals, protect vital organs, allow movement of the body, provide a supporting framework

blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in

red bone marrow

found in almost all of the bones of an infants body

red marrow

the bones in an adult that include red marrow are

ribs, pelvis, and femur

vitamin d deficiency can result in

rickets

lamellae

ring of bone

an example of a flat bone

scapulae

tiny round specks of bone found in a tendon are often called

sesamoid bones

a bone that is as long as it is wide is classified as a

short bone

ends of long bones

spongy

red bone marrow is associated with

spongy-myeloid bone tissue

needle-like threads of spongy bone

trabeculae

an example of an irregular bone

vertebrae

your physician has just informed you that you have 40 bones in your skull. this means

you have sutural bones in your skull

the same physician tells you that all of your knee ligaments have been severed. this means that

your leg bones are not being held together very well

bones serve as the major reservoir for ___, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle function

calcium

connect lacunae

canaliculi

what tissue(s) is present in a typical long bone

blood tissue, cancellous bone, compact bone, dense fibrous, and hyaline cartilage

there are ___ bones in a standard human skeleton

206

bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of

35 and 40 years

also known as osteitis deformans

Paget's Disease

yellow bone marrow is made of

adipose cartilage

the bones of the upper and lower extremities make up the

appendicular skeleton

the growth of cartilage occurs by both

appositional and interstitial growth

the addition on bone to its outer surface resulting in growth in diameter is called

appositional growth

the ___ on the outside of the long bone is made of hyaline cartilage

articular

a thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the

articular cartilage

the ___ articulates with another bone or bone process

articular cartilage

the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows

articular cartilage

the ___ is the central space of the long bone

medullary cavity

the ___ is the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone

medullary cavity

the tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis of long bones

medullary cavity

the cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are

osteoblasts

the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue

osteocarma

the most common type of skeletal tissue tumor

osteochondroma

calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit

osteoclasts

giant, multinucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called

osteoclasts

bone cells

osteocytes

a term referring to the formation of new haversian systems is

osteogenesis

a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue

osteomyelitis

the basic structual unit of compact bone is

osteon

a common bone disease often occurring in postmenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porous, brittle, and fragile bones

osteoporosis

low blood calcium evokes a response from

parathyroid hormone

an example of a sesamoid bone

patella

the fibrous covering of cartilage is

perichondrium

a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at joint surfaces

periosteum

an attachment for muscle fibers

periosteum

outer covering of bone

periosteum

the fibrous covering of a long bone is called the

periosteum