Paramedic - Anatomy and Physiology Prep Quiz

Blood flow through the heart

Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae, and the coronary sinus.

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata collectively form the:

Brainstem

When cells are hypoxic for more than a few seconds:

C. they produce substances that may damage other local or distant body systems.

What type of pressure is generated by dissolved proteins in the plasma that are too large to penetrate the capillary membrane?

Capillary colloidal osmotic pressure

The brain and spinal cord are connected through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

Foramen Magnum

A specialized part of the venous system that filters the blood and metabolizes various drugs is called the:

Heptatic portal system

Which muscle is not voluntary?

Smooth

The tension exerted on a cell due to water movement across the cell membrane is referred to as:

Tonicity

When nerve cells and cardiac myocytes are injured:

scar tissue forms because these cells cannot be replaced.

Angiogenesis is defined as:

the growth of new blood vessels.

Facial Bones:

1. Maxilla 2. Lacrimal 3. Nasal 4. Palatine 5. Mandible 6. Maxillae 7. Zygomatic 8. Inferior nasal conchaoe 9. Lacrimal and Vomer

What are the endocrine glands?

1. Pituitary 2. Thyroid 3. Parathyroid 4. Adrenal 5. Pancreas 6. Pineal 7. Thymus 8. Reproductive

How many pairs of ribs are attached directly to the sternum?

7

Molecules that bind to a receptor's cells and trigger a response by that cell, thereby resulting in some kind of action or biologic effect, are called:

Agonists

The catecholamine epinephrine (adrenaline) has an affinity for:

Alpha and Beta receptors

A patient with kidney or liver failure would MOST likely develop:

An increase in isotonic fluid

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?

Anaerobic metabolism can be supported in most cells for only 1 to 3 minutes.

The most inferior portion of the heart is called the:

Apex

How do the blood vessels of the skin respond to cold temperatures?

Constriction, which diverts blood away from the skin

The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called:

Diffusion

Which of the following statements regarding interstitial fluid is correct?

It is located in the extracellular space and between the cells.

Slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis are also known as:

Leukotrines

If too much water enters a cell during osmosis, it will burst. This process is called:

Lysis

The respiratory center of the brain is located in the

Medulla

The metabolic breakdown of stored carbohydrates, fats, or proteins in order to provide energy is called:

Metabolism

The middle muscular layer of the heart is called the:

Myocardium Endocardium (inner) Myocardium (middle) Epicardium (Outermost)

Which of the following stimulate(s) hormone secretion and influence(s) sodium and water movements in the kidney, helping to regulate blood pressure?

Prostoglandins

As blood enters the lungs, it enters the alveoli by passing across the:

Pulmonary capillaries

Endothelial cells that line the inside of blood vessels:

Regulate blood flow and coagulation

Which of the following organs contain(s) the greatest number of lymphocytes?

Spleen

Cardiac output is equal to:

Stoke volume x heart rate per min

The diencephalon, a region of the brain, contains which of the following structures?

Thalamus and hypothalamus

In addition to facilitating the uptake of sugar into the cells, insulin is responsible for:

The chemical conversion from glucose to glycogen

The shoulders and hips are examples of __________ joints.

Triaxial

In the pregnant patient, the secretion of oxytocin causes:

Uterine Smooth Muscle Contraction

In response to shock or stress, sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes:

Vasoconstriction

What physiologic response occurs when a person loses blood?

Vessels constrict and myocardial contractility increases. (Chronotropic effect) (Beta -1 Receptors)

What type of tissue covers and lines internal organs?

What type of tissue covers and lines internal organs?

A pH of 7.30 indicates:

acidosis

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it:

allows only certain substances to pass through it.

A type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

an acute reaction that occurs in response to a stimulus.

The point where the first cervical vertebra (C1) articulates with the base of the skull is called the:

atlanto-occipital joint.

The process in which glucose is broken down to yield lactic or pyruvic acid is called:

glycolysis.

A medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect is one that

increases heart rate

The three small bones in the middle ear are the:

incus, malleus, and stapes.

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:

is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath.

Any vertical plane that is parallel to the median plane and divides the body into unequal left and right parts is called the:

sagittal plane.

When blood osmolarity increases:

the pituitary gland releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which stimulates the kidneys to resorb water and decrease the blood's osmolarity.