part 2 history quiz (ch 16 sec 3; ch 17 sec 2-3)
august 9, 1945
U.S. drops the 2nd Atomic bomb on Nagasaki, causing more than 100,000 deaths
island hopping
US strategy- leap frogging across the pacific-allied plan of attack
battle of the atlantic
Uboats, travelling in wolf packs were sinking more ships faster than the british could make. most important battle of the war coined by churchill-- Hitler ordered submarine raids against ships along America's east coast. The German aim in this was to prevent food and war materials from reaching Great Britain and the Soviet Union.
german military =
afrika korps
who won dday
allies
who won the battle of the atlantic
allies
doolittles raid
allies strike back in april of 1942- allies bomb tokyo, bomber by jimmy doolittle off aircraft carrier
battle of coral sea
americans and australians won- they succeeded in stopping the japanese drive towards australia in this 5 day plane battle.
operation torch
an invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa, commanded by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower.---> bernard montgomery- GB, george patton- USA, Erwin Rommel- Germany- allied invasion of north africa- they sped eastward chasing afrika korps lead by rommel others were patton and montgomery- Allies win
what day did harry truman become president
april 12,1945
date when hitler dies
april 30, 1945
who did hitler beieve were the superior people
aryans
kept the sea lanes open to the allies
atlantic
battle of britain
britain won, prevented another german invasion
pearl harbor
december 7, 1941 - surprise attack by japanese lead by yamamoto
order of war in pacific
doolitte, coral sea, midway, iwo jima, okinawa, hiroshima, nagasaki
americas first offensive action against the japanese after pearl habor
doolittles raid
commander of the allied forces
douglas macarthur
"i shall return"
douglas macarthur- the allies return to the philippines, macarthur & nimitz recapture solomans, gilberts, and marshall island
commanding general of the operation to free europe
eisenhower
yalta conference
feb 1945- THE BIG 3 MEET- FDR, Churchill and Stalin meet to discuss Germany and the postwar world. 1. Germany will be divided up into occupational zones between France, GB, US and the USSR. 2. United Nations with USSR's support 3. Stalin's promise of Free Election in Eastern Europe
americans japanese war plan
fight a defensive war
tokyo firebombing
firebombing raid on tokyo killing over 80,000
battle of guadalcanal
first land battle in war in pacific- us launched their first offensive against japan; allies win and it marked japans first defeat on land and was not their last
washington conference
first priority was defeating the nazis, FDR and winston churchill become friends
douglas macarthur
forced to flee the philippines- said "i shall return"
may 8, 1945
german surrender unconditionally (VE day)
battle of stalingrad
germany invades soviet union in 1941, soviets used scoched earth policy. germans not prepared for harsh winter but are ordered not to surrender. turning point in war in europe
people were forced and relocated where
ghettos
who took over after rooselvelts death
harry s truman
antisemitism
hatred of jews
J. Robert Oppenheimer
heads the team that builds the first Atomic bomb
former prime minister of japan
hideki tojo
italian campaign
italy is as soft as a turtles underbelly; assault started in sicily then italy, the king arrested mussolini and prepares to surrender but nazis dont allow it, mussolini is captured and killed
costiliest battle in marine corps history
iwo jima
bataan death march (philppines)
japanese won- 80,000 americans and filipinos battle the japanese for control. Roosevelt orders macarthur to leave when troops found their backs against the wall in bataan.
date of DDAY
june 6, 1944
operation overlord (DDAY)
largest operation in history led by eisenhower; D-DAY- liberation of france (europe)- US makes fake army and decoys to deceive them, by spurious radio transmissions, the allies created an entire phantom army "based" in SE England (opposite of pas de calais) and alleged to be commanded by US patton- in charge of inflatable rubber army- 5 beaches included- utah, omaha (US) gold and sword (GB) and Juno (canadian)
leyte gulf
last and most decisive naval battle of the war (US invasion of the philippines)
largest naval battle, he will destroy the japanese navy
leyte
which general didnt fight in the north african theater
macarthur
date of VE day
may 8, 1945
date of german surrender
may 8, 1945
final solution
nazi plan to exterminate the jewish race (by genocide)
US will suffer heavy causalities assaulting this large japanese island full of soldiers and japanese civilians
okinawa
september 2, 1945
on battleship missouri- Japanese officials signed the articles of surrender= VJ Day
operation that drove the nazis out of north africa
operation torch
yamamoto
organized pearl harbor
battle of el alamein
part of operation torch- turning point of war in africa, forced the germans (afrika korps) to retreat from egypt, britain wins
"wars may be fought with weapons but they are won by men"
patton
what island was macarthur referring to where he said "i shall return"
philippines
meeting that demanded the unconditional surrender of japan
potsdam
manhattan project
research development to build the first nuclear weapons
date of VJ Day
september 2, 1945
who won stalingrad
soviets- surrounded leningrad
turning point of war in europe
stalingrad
nuremburg laws
stripped the jews of their civil rights and property if they tried to leave germany and had to wear the star of david
dwight d eisenhower
supreme allied commander in europe he is the boss
genocide
systemmatic extermination of a particular race
Holocaust
systemmatic murder of 11 million jews and other people by nazis during wwii
august 6, 1945
the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb Hiroshima -- incinerated 4 square miles and more than 80,000- "little boy"
chester nimitz
the commander of American naval forces in the Pacific during battle of midway
what was george pattons army called
the third army
battle of midway
turning point of war in pacific-allies win and regained control of central pacific for the US, Japanese suffer heavy losses--- soon they began island hopping
what were the fighters in italy called
tuskegee airmen
omar bradley
unleashed massive air and land bombardment against the enemy at st lo allowing breakout lead by george patton and third army
george patton
usa- fought about headlines, loses to hitler, known as "desert fox"
us beaches involved in DDAY
utah and omaha
beaches in DDAY
utah, omaha (US) , gold, sword (GB) , juno (canadian)
battle of the bulge
was the last counter offensive by the germans to break through the allies
this meeting stated that defeating nazis was the 1st priority for the allies
washington conference
kristallnact
"night of the broken glass" - jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were attacked by nazi storm troopers on nov 9, 1938
potsdam conference
(Aug 3, 1945) Truman issues an ultimatum to the Japanese to surrender or face utter devastation- unconditional surrender of japan
how long did the battle of the bulge last
1 month
about how many jews died in the death/concentration camps
6 million
what was the most important battle of the war
ATLANTIC
what did eisenhower lead
DDAY (operation overlord)
after pearl harbor america wanted a totally _______________ war concentrating on beating who
DEFENSIVE; nazis
april 12, 1945
FDR dies, Harry S Truman becomes president
okinawa
Ferocious resistance in okinawa- American losses were over 72,000 casualties, of whom 18,900 were killed or missing, over twice the number killed at Iwo Jima-There were about 107,000 Japanese soldiers or civilians killed or captured. (take japanese original territory)
montgomery
GB- read german mail & knew their battle plan
iwo jima
Iwo Jima only 750 miles from Tokyo February 1945 costliest battle in marines corps history; allies and US win
who took over when mussolini was hated and forced to resign
King Victor Emmanuel III summoned Il Duce (Italian for "the leader") to his palace
nuremburg trial
Nazi's are put on trial for crimes against humanity
