part 2 history quiz (ch 16 sec 3; ch 17 sec 2-3)

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august 9, 1945

U.S. drops the 2nd Atomic bomb on Nagasaki, causing more than 100,000 deaths

island hopping

US strategy- leap frogging across the pacific-allied plan of attack

battle of the atlantic

Uboats, travelling in wolf packs were sinking more ships faster than the british could make. most important battle of the war coined by churchill-- Hitler ordered submarine raids against ships along America's east coast. The German aim in this was to prevent food and war materials from reaching Great Britain and the Soviet Union.

german military =

afrika korps

who won dday

allies

who won the battle of the atlantic

allies

doolittles raid

allies strike back in april of 1942- allies bomb tokyo, bomber by jimmy doolittle off aircraft carrier

battle of coral sea

americans and australians won- they succeeded in stopping the japanese drive towards australia in this 5 day plane battle.

operation torch

an invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa, commanded by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower.---> bernard montgomery- GB, george patton- USA, Erwin Rommel- Germany- allied invasion of north africa- they sped eastward chasing afrika korps lead by rommel others were patton and montgomery- Allies win

what day did harry truman become president

april 12,1945

date when hitler dies

april 30, 1945

who did hitler beieve were the superior people

aryans

kept the sea lanes open to the allies

atlantic

battle of britain

britain won, prevented another german invasion

pearl harbor

december 7, 1941 - surprise attack by japanese lead by yamamoto

order of war in pacific

doolitte, coral sea, midway, iwo jima, okinawa, hiroshima, nagasaki

americas first offensive action against the japanese after pearl habor

doolittles raid

commander of the allied forces

douglas macarthur

"i shall return"

douglas macarthur- the allies return to the philippines, macarthur & nimitz recapture solomans, gilberts, and marshall island

commanding general of the operation to free europe

eisenhower

yalta conference

feb 1945- THE BIG 3 MEET- FDR, Churchill and Stalin meet to discuss Germany and the postwar world. 1. Germany will be divided up into occupational zones between France, GB, US and the USSR. 2. United Nations with USSR's support 3. Stalin's promise of Free Election in Eastern Europe

americans japanese war plan

fight a defensive war

tokyo firebombing

firebombing raid on tokyo killing over 80,000

battle of guadalcanal

first land battle in war in pacific- us launched their first offensive against japan; allies win and it marked japans first defeat on land and was not their last

washington conference

first priority was defeating the nazis, FDR and winston churchill become friends

douglas macarthur

forced to flee the philippines- said "i shall return"

may 8, 1945

german surrender unconditionally (VE day)

battle of stalingrad

germany invades soviet union in 1941, soviets used scoched earth policy. germans not prepared for harsh winter but are ordered not to surrender. turning point in war in europe

people were forced and relocated where

ghettos

who took over after rooselvelts death

harry s truman

antisemitism

hatred of jews

J. Robert Oppenheimer

heads the team that builds the first Atomic bomb

former prime minister of japan

hideki tojo

italian campaign

italy is as soft as a turtles underbelly; assault started in sicily then italy, the king arrested mussolini and prepares to surrender but nazis dont allow it, mussolini is captured and killed

costiliest battle in marine corps history

iwo jima

bataan death march (philppines)

japanese won- 80,000 americans and filipinos battle the japanese for control. Roosevelt orders macarthur to leave when troops found their backs against the wall in bataan.

date of DDAY

june 6, 1944

operation overlord (DDAY)

largest operation in history led by eisenhower; D-DAY- liberation of france (europe)- US makes fake army and decoys to deceive them, by spurious radio transmissions, the allies created an entire phantom army "based" in SE England (opposite of pas de calais) and alleged to be commanded by US patton- in charge of inflatable rubber army- 5 beaches included- utah, omaha (US) gold and sword (GB) and Juno (canadian)

leyte gulf

last and most decisive naval battle of the war (US invasion of the philippines)

largest naval battle, he will destroy the japanese navy

leyte

which general didnt fight in the north african theater

macarthur

date of VE day

may 8, 1945

date of german surrender

may 8, 1945

final solution

nazi plan to exterminate the jewish race (by genocide)

US will suffer heavy causalities assaulting this large japanese island full of soldiers and japanese civilians

okinawa

september 2, 1945

on battleship missouri- Japanese officials signed the articles of surrender= VJ Day

operation that drove the nazis out of north africa

operation torch

yamamoto

organized pearl harbor

battle of el alamein

part of operation torch- turning point of war in africa, forced the germans (afrika korps) to retreat from egypt, britain wins

"wars may be fought with weapons but they are won by men"

patton

what island was macarthur referring to where he said "i shall return"

philippines

meeting that demanded the unconditional surrender of japan

potsdam

manhattan project

research development to build the first nuclear weapons

date of VJ Day

september 2, 1945

who won stalingrad

soviets- surrounded leningrad

turning point of war in europe

stalingrad

nuremburg laws

stripped the jews of their civil rights and property if they tried to leave germany and had to wear the star of david

dwight d eisenhower

supreme allied commander in europe he is the boss

genocide

systemmatic extermination of a particular race

Holocaust

systemmatic murder of 11 million jews and other people by nazis during wwii

august 6, 1945

the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb Hiroshima -- incinerated 4 square miles and more than 80,000- "little boy"

chester nimitz

the commander of American naval forces in the Pacific during battle of midway

what was george pattons army called

the third army

battle of midway

turning point of war in pacific-allies win and regained control of central pacific for the US, Japanese suffer heavy losses--- soon they began island hopping

what were the fighters in italy called

tuskegee airmen

omar bradley

unleashed massive air and land bombardment against the enemy at st lo allowing breakout lead by george patton and third army

george patton

usa- fought about headlines, loses to hitler, known as "desert fox"

us beaches involved in DDAY

utah and omaha

beaches in DDAY

utah, omaha (US) , gold, sword (GB) , juno (canadian)

battle of the bulge

was the last counter offensive by the germans to break through the allies

this meeting stated that defeating nazis was the 1st priority for the allies

washington conference

kristallnact

"night of the broken glass" - jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were attacked by nazi storm troopers on nov 9, 1938

potsdam conference

(Aug 3, 1945) Truman issues an ultimatum to the Japanese to surrender or face utter devastation- unconditional surrender of japan

how long did the battle of the bulge last

1 month

about how many jews died in the death/concentration camps

6 million

what was the most important battle of the war

ATLANTIC

what did eisenhower lead

DDAY (operation overlord)

after pearl harbor america wanted a totally _______________ war concentrating on beating who

DEFENSIVE; nazis

april 12, 1945

FDR dies, Harry S Truman becomes president

okinawa

Ferocious resistance in okinawa- American losses were over 72,000 casualties, of whom 18,900 were killed or missing, over twice the number killed at Iwo Jima-There were about 107,000 Japanese soldiers or civilians killed or captured. (take japanese original territory)

montgomery

GB- read german mail & knew their battle plan

iwo jima

Iwo Jima only 750 miles from Tokyo February 1945 costliest battle in marines corps history; allies and US win

who took over when mussolini was hated and forced to resign

King Victor Emmanuel III summoned Il Duce (Italian for "the leader") to his palace

nuremburg trial

Nazi's are put on trial for crimes against humanity


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