Patho 370- Check Your Understanding 3

administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

decrease left ventricular after load

primary treatment for myocardial infraction (MI) is directed at

decreasing myocardial oxygen demands

the therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

digitalis

increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which symptoms?

edema

a patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fracture. the patient is most likely characterized by an

elderly woman w/o previous history of MI

a patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n)

elderly woman without a previous history of MI

Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?

elevated CK-MB, troponin I, & troponin T

new organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration

false

a patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. the patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis

false * respiratory ALKALOSIS

the most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease

false *CARDIOVASCULAR disease

a type of shock that includes brain trauma results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic

false *NEUROGENIC

in contrast to all other types of shock, the hyper dynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

high CO

a patient present to the ED with a diastolic BP of 132 mmHg, retinopathy, & symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

hypertensive crisis

a patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic BP of 132 mmHg, retinopathy, & systems of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of

hypertensive crisis

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

hypotension

constrictive pericarditis is associated with

impaired cardiac filling

lusitropic impairment refers to

impaired diastolic relaxation

an elderly patient's BP is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's left ventricular function be affected by this level of BP?

left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload

second degree heart block type 1 (wenckebach) is characterized by

lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave

critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _______ pressure

mean arterial

the prevalence of high BP is higher in

non-Hispanic black adults

a patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. the lung sounds are absent on one side. this patient is _______ shock

obstructive

hypertension is closely linked to

obstructive sleep apnea

an erroneously low BP measurement may be caused by

positioning the arm above the heart level

which dysrhythmia is tough to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?

preexcitation tachycardia (wolf-parkinson-white syndrome)

an abnormally wide (more than 0.10 sec) QRS complex is characteristic of

premature ventricular complexes

left sided heart failure is characterized by

pulmonary congestion

a patient with pure left sided heart failure is likely to exhibit

pulmonary congestion with dyspnea

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

pulmonary stenosis

cardiogenic shock is characterized by

reduced CO

the common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

reduced cardiac output

the majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

reentry mechanisms

low CO to the kidneys stimulates the release of ______ from juxtaglomerular cells

renin

cor pulmonale refers to

right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension

atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to

rupture

a patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

septic

a patient with cold and edematous extremities, low CO, & profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of _______ shock

septic

a lab test that should be routinely monitored in patient receiving digitalis therapy is

serum potassium

which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a spin BP of 110/70 and a HR of 100?

sitting BP 88/60, HR 118

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

sodium

a patient with a history of MI continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of the pain is

stable angina

A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

syncope

the progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

tachycardia

what compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?

tachycardia

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body

true

disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.

true

lactated ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes

true

the ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension

true

what results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

vasoconstriction

the effect of nitric oxide on system arterioles is

vasodilation

a patient who reports dizziness and who has an absent P wave, wide QRS complex, and a HR of 38 on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?

ventricular escape rhythm

an example of an cyanotic heart defect is

ventricular septal defect

mitral stenosis is associated with

a pressure gradient across the mitral valve

sepsis has been recently redefined as

a systemic inflammatory response to infection

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

anaphylactic

patient presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with

anti platelet drugs

the majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infraction do so because of

apoptosis

which BP reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7

128/82

the most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infraction (MI) is

ST segment elevation

rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

B-hemolytic streptococcal infection

while hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of MI was noted to have high levels of LDLs. What is the significance of this finding?

Increased LDL levels are associated with inc risk of coronary artery disease

tachycardia is an early sign of low CO that occurs because of

baroreceptor activity

hypotension, distended neck vein, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of

cardiac tamponade

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 ml of blood, who has normal BP when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

class II, compensated stage

patent ductus arterioles is accurately describe as a

communication between aorta and the pulmonary artery

Patent ductus arterioles is accurately described as a(n)

communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II