Patho 370- Check Your Understanding 3
administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to
decrease left ventricular after load
primary treatment for myocardial infraction (MI) is directed at
decreasing myocardial oxygen demands
the therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is
digitalis
increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which symptoms?
edema
a patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fracture. the patient is most likely characterized by an
elderly woman w/o previous history of MI
a patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n)
elderly woman without a previous history of MI
Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?
elevated CK-MB, troponin I, & troponin T
new organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration
false
a patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. the patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis
false * respiratory ALKALOSIS
the most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease
false *CARDIOVASCULAR disease
a type of shock that includes brain trauma results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic
false *NEUROGENIC
in contrast to all other types of shock, the hyper dynamic phase of septic shock is associated with
high CO
a patient present to the ED with a diastolic BP of 132 mmHg, retinopathy, & symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of
hypertensive crisis
a patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic BP of 132 mmHg, retinopathy, & systems of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of
hypertensive crisis
A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to
hypotension
constrictive pericarditis is associated with
impaired cardiac filling
lusitropic impairment refers to
impaired diastolic relaxation
an elderly patient's BP is measured at 160/98. How would the patient's left ventricular function be affected by this level of BP?
left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload
second degree heart block type 1 (wenckebach) is characterized by
lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave
critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _______ pressure
mean arterial
the prevalence of high BP is higher in
non-Hispanic black adults
a patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. the lung sounds are absent on one side. this patient is _______ shock
obstructive
hypertension is closely linked to
obstructive sleep apnea
an erroneously low BP measurement may be caused by
positioning the arm above the heart level
which dysrhythmia is tough to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?
preexcitation tachycardia (wolf-parkinson-white syndrome)
an abnormally wide (more than 0.10 sec) QRS complex is characteristic of
premature ventricular complexes
left sided heart failure is characterized by
pulmonary congestion
a patient with pure left sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
pulmonary congestion with dyspnea
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to
pulmonary stenosis
cardiogenic shock is characterized by
reduced CO
the common denominator in all forms of heart failure is
reduced cardiac output
the majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of
reentry mechanisms
low CO to the kidneys stimulates the release of ______ from juxtaglomerular cells
renin
cor pulmonale refers to
right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension
atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to
rupture
a patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?
septic
a patient with cold and edematous extremities, low CO, & profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of _______ shock
septic
a lab test that should be routinely monitored in patient receiving digitalis therapy is
serum potassium
which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a spin BP of 110/70 and a HR of 100?
sitting BP 88/60, HR 118
Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?
sodium
a patient with a history of MI continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of the pain is
stable angina
A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience
syncope
the progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by
tachycardia
what compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?
tachycardia
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body
true
disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.
true
lactated ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used crystalloid solutions that contain electrolytes
true
the ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension
true
what results when systemic blood pressure is increased?
vasoconstriction
the effect of nitric oxide on system arterioles is
vasodilation
a patient who reports dizziness and who has an absent P wave, wide QRS complex, and a HR of 38 on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?
ventricular escape rhythm
an example of an cyanotic heart defect is
ventricular septal defect
mitral stenosis is associated with
a pressure gradient across the mitral valve
sepsis has been recently redefined as
a systemic inflammatory response to infection
Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?
anaphylactic
patient presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with
anti platelet drugs
the majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infraction do so because of
apoptosis
which BP reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7
128/82
the most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infraction (MI) is
ST segment elevation
rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of
B-hemolytic streptococcal infection
while hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of MI was noted to have high levels of LDLs. What is the significance of this finding?
Increased LDL levels are associated with inc risk of coronary artery disease
tachycardia is an early sign of low CO that occurs because of
baroreceptor activity
hypotension, distended neck vein, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of
cardiac tamponade
In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 ml of blood, who has normal BP when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?
class II, compensated stage
patent ductus arterioles is accurately describe as a
communication between aorta and the pulmonary artery
Patent ductus arterioles is accurately described as a(n)
communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II