Patho 4

The nurse on a geriatric unit is assessing four patients. Which patient has the highest risk of an urinary tract infection?

A patient with an indwelling urinary catheter

A client has begun to display manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy. The family is concerned and asks the nurse what cause this condition to develop. Which is the best response by the nurse?

Accumulation of ammonia in the blood

The nurse is caring for a client who has had acute blood loss from a motor vehicle accident. What does the nurse recognize is an early sign of prerenal failure?

Baseline urine output of 50 mL/hr that is now 10 mL/hr

Chronic kidney disease impacts many systems in the body. What is the most common hematologic disorder caused by CKD?

Anemia

Which dermatologic problem most often accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Dry skin and pruritus

All diseases have risk factors. What is the most significant environmental risk factor for pancreatic cancer?

Cigarette smoking

The nurse caring for four male clients recognizes which client is at highest risk for developing postrenal kidney failure?

Client with prostatic hyperplasia

What is the most common cause of a lower urinary tract infection?

Escherichia coli

A client tells the nurse that he is concerned about developing hepatitis after being exposed for contaminated feces, saliva, and food. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for

Hepatitis A

The health care provider has completed the assessment on a client with jaundice. The provider determines that which pathophysiologic abnormality could cause the jaundice?

Impaired uptake of bilirubin by the liver

When assessing a client with acute cholecystitis the nurse anticipated the client's report of pain will be consistent with which description?

Pain in the right upper quadrant referred to the same shoulder

Vitamin D metabolism is deranged in clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse recognizes that which statement regarding vitamin D is correct?

Kidneys convert inactive vitamin D to its active form, calcitriol.

A client in renal failure has marked decrease in renal blood flow caused by hypovolemia, the result of gastrointestinal bleeding. The nurse is aware that this form of renal failure can be reversed if the bleeding is under control. Which form of acute renal injury does this client have?

Prerenal failure

When explaining acute pancreatitis to a newly diagnosed client, the nurse will emphasize that the pathogenesis begins with an inflammatory process whereby

activated pancreatic enzymes escape into surrounding tissues causing auto digestion of pancreatic tissue

A child has been brought to an urgent care clinic. The parents state that the child is "peeing". When taking a history, the nurse learns the child had a sore throat about 1 week ago but seems to have gotten over it. the parents state, "We didn't give antibiotics because the child seemed to get better." The nurse should suspect the child has developed:

acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis

When assessing the client with acute pancreatitis which of these diagnostic tests consistent with the disease does the nurse anticipate will be altered?

amylase and lipase

The nurse is caring for a client with liver disease who has edema throughout the body. When reviewing the medical record, the nurse recognizes that which altered diagnostic test is consistent with development of edema?

decreased albumin

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client. Which laboratory findings would the nurse correlate with nephrotic syndrome?

elevated urine protein level (>3.5 g/day) and hypoalbuminemia

The nurse is caring for a client with right upper quadrant pain secondary to acute choledocholithiasis. If the common bile duct becomes obstructed, which manifestation will the nurse expect?

hyperbilirubinemia

A client who has been diagnosed with acute symptomatic viral hepatitis is now in the icteric period. The nurse would expect the client to manifest:

severe pruritus and liver tenderness