Patho Exam 2
A client has just been told that he has an infection of the inner surface of the heart. He is also told that the bacteria has invaded his heart valves. What term is used for this disease process?
Infective endocarditis
Release and synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones are mainly regulated by the inhibiting or releasing actions of the:
hypothalamus.
What is the most common sign of epithelial cell bladder cancer?
Painless hematuria
A client arrives at the emergency room with dizziness and a near syncopal episode. Vital signs include a heart rate of 46 and blood pressure of 86/50. The cardiac monitors show regular rhythm as above. The client states his physician has been running blood work to rule out hypothyroidism. Based on the rhythm what does the nurse report the client has?
A symptomatic bradyarrhythmia
One of the earliest signs of Cushing syndrome is the loss of variable diurnal secretion of cortisol-releasing hormone (CRH) and which of the following?
ACTH
A client with a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) may require the administration of which of the following drugs to treat coexisting conditions that carry a high mortality?
Antihypertensive medications
Which of the following residents of a long-term facility is exhibiting clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
An 80-year-old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite of late and often complains of feeling cold
Chronic kidney disease impacts many systems in the body. What is the number one hematologic disorder caused by CKD?
Anemia
The nurse is preparing to auscultate for a mitral valve stenosis murmur Where is the best location to place the stethoscope?
At the apex of the heart
The nursing instructor, when teaching the students about coronary artery disease (CAD), identifies which of the following as the the main cause of CAD?
Atherosclerosis
Acute pyelonephritis is a result of which of the following
Bacterial infection
Aplastic anemia is a serious anemia that is a disorder of the pluripotential bone marrow stem cells and causes all three hematopoietic cell lines to be reduced. What is the treatment for aplastic anemia in the young and severely affected client?
Bone marrow transplant
The nurse encourages a female patient with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) to drink which of the following on a daily basis?
Cranberry juice
A patient experiences an increase in thyroid hormone as a result of a thyroid tumor. Which of the following hormonal responses demonstrates the negative feedback mechanism?
Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Most common uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by ____ that enter through the urethra.
Escherichia coli
The nurse is performing an assessment for a client who has hyperthyroidism that is untreated. When obtaining vital signs, what is the expected finding
Heart rate 110 and bounding
A teenager is diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse knows that risk factors for hypertension in children and adolescents include which of these? Select all that apply
High salt consumption Obesity Inactive lifestyle
A 20-year-old college student has a pelvic fracture and a severed leg from a motorcycle accident. She lost several units of blood. When the student arrived in the emergency department, her blood pressure was very low, her pulse was high, and her skin was pale. The nurse knows that this patient has developed which of the following types of shock?
Hypovolemic
A client has been admitted for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The client has not responded to corticosteroid treatment. The priority nursing intervention for this client would include which of the following treatment measures?
Insert an intravenous catheter, so immune globulin can be administered in a timely manner.
A patient was recently diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse anticipates which of the following treatments to be prescribed?
Iron supplementation and dietary teaching
A nurse is giving discharge instructions for a patient who was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis 3 days previously. Which of the following is important for the nurse to discuss when instructing the patient?
It is important that the patient take the prescribed antibiotic for the duration of the prescription.
A client has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a form of malignancy that most likely originated in which of the following sites?
Lymph nodes
Following an injury resulting in a small cut from a knife, the first cells to go to the area of the cut would be the:
Neutrophils.
Which of the following individuals is at greatest risk for developing a venous thrombosis resulting from venous stasis?
Patient on bed rest
Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones?
Pituitary
Which of the following structures controls the functions of the greatest number of target glands and cells?
Pituitary gland
A nurse is reviewing a client's complete blood count (CBC) which indicates thrombocytopenia. Based on this result which action should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Place the client on bleeding precautions.
What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus?
Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
Which of the following would be tested by a complete blood count (CBC)?
Red blood cells and platelets
The client is undergoing diagnostic workup for possible Hodgkin type of lymphoma. Which of the following laboratory results would confirm the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells
A client has been diagnosed with aortic stenosis and asks the nurse what this means. The most appropriate response would be:
The valve opening is narrowed and produces increased resistance to blood flow out of the left ventricle and into the aorta.
Men older than age 50 are at high risk for prostatic hypertrophy with complications that include:
Urine retention
The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count (CBC) and white blood cell (WBC) differential of a client admitted with lower right abdominal pain. Which laboratory results are the most important for the nurse to communicate to the health care provider?
White blood cells (WBCs) 18,500/µL
A nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit who has sustained severe trauma and now has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The nurse is aware that the client is experiencing:
Widespread coagulation and bleeding in the vascular compartment
The nurse is caring for a female patient with recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs). The patient asks why yogurt is recommended in her diet. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
Yogurt with probiotics helps to defend against the colonization of organisms that can cause UTIs.
While studying the heart the nursing instructor teaches about pericarditis. Which of the following does she tell the student best defines this disease?
it is an inflammatory process.
The nurse is caring for a client with significant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)and hydronephrosis who is fearful of having corrective surgery. Which of these is important for the nurse to convey?
the obstruction is causing urine to flow backward and cause kidney dysfunction
Anaphylactic shock is directly associated with:
type I hypersensitivity response.
