Patho PrepU Chp 31

Which hormone is secreted based on a cyclic rather than a diurnal manner?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

While discussing the regulation of hormone levels, the instructor gives an example of hormones regulated by feedback mechanisms. Which example of this regulation is best?

Following a meal that was high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose elevates, which stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas.

A hypernatremic client is researching his condition and learns that aldosterone binds to an intracellular receptor. What do intracellular receptors generally stimulate in a cell?

Gene expression

Select the statement that best explains the function of hormone receptors.

Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the signal into a cellular response.

A middle-aged female client has been diagnosed with thyroid condition. The nurse educates the client about the prescription and needed follow-up lab work, which will help regulate the dosage. The client asks, "Why do I not return to the clinic for weeks, since I am starting the medication tomorrow morning?" The nurse bases the answer on the knowledge that thyroid hormones:

may take days for the full effect to occur, based on the mechanism of action.

An example of a single hormone that can exert effects in different tissues, erythropoietin, made in the kidney stimulates the bone marrow to produce:

Red blood cells.

A client with hyperthyroidism is being treated with medication that blocks the activity of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Her care team has determined that she has been overproducing TSH. This client will have lost her ability to:

have negative feedback regulation.

A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation?

"A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."

When explaining about structural classifications to a group of students, the instructor discusses the peptides and proteins. They talk about small hormones and hormones as large and complex as growth hormone (GH) which has approximately how many amino acids involved?

200 amino acids.

How long is the half-life of the hormone aldosterone, which is only 15% protein bound?

25 minutes

A patient exhibiting problems with their thyroid has been scheduled for a radioactive scan. From the following list of patients, which would the nurse question as to whether this would be a safe procedure for this patient?

A young female patient who has been trying to get pregnant.

The nurse is caring for a client who has hyperthyroidism. When evaluating the laboratory test results, which of these alterations does the nurse anticipate will be present?

Decrease in TSH

A patient experiences an increase in thyroid hormone as a result of a thyroid tumor. Which of the following hormonal responses demonstrates the negative feedback mechanism?

Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Which of the following types of imaging is preferred to evaluate the bone density of a patient with hyperparathyroidism?

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of hormones. The instructor determined that teaching was effective when the students' recognize the local action of hormones as:

Paracrine

Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones?

Pituitary

Select the most accurate statement regarding measurements of urinary hormone:

Provide a better measure of hormone levels during a designated period.

The nurse explains to a client in labor who has demonstrated ineffective contractions impeding progression of labor that the health care provider has added oxytocin infusion to the orders. Which of these does the nurse teach the client is the purpose of oxytocin?

Stimulate contractions

A 21 year-old female is suspected of having inadequate function of her hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system. Her care provider is planning to inject thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and then measure her levels of TSH. Which of the following diagnostic tests is being performed?

Stimulation test

The nurse administers a glucocorticoid medication to a client with pneumonia. Which of these does the nurse teach the client is the purpose of the medication?

To decrease airway inflammation

Which type of hormone is released as soon as they are synthesized?

Lipid-soluble steroid hormones

The nurse is assessing a client with thyrotoxicosis and the nurse is explaining how the thyroid gland is stimulated to release thyroid hormones. The nurse should describe what process?

Action of releasing hormones from hypothalamus

The non-vesicle-mediated pathway has a role in synthesis and release of which of the following hormones? Select all that apply.

Aldosterone Testosterone

Which of the following hormones are derivatives of cholesterol?

Aldosterone and testosterone

Select the category of hormones that include norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Amines and amino acids

Hormones can be synthesized by both vesicle-mediated pathways and non-vesicle-mediated pathways. What hormones are synthesized by non-vesicle-mediated pathways?

Androgens and estrogens

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

When hormones act locally rather than being secreted into the bloodstream, their actions are termed what?

Autocrine and paracrine

To prevent the accumulation of hormones in our bodies, the hormones are constantly being metabolized and excreted. Where are adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones excreted? To prevent the accumulation of hormones in our bodies, the hormones are constantly being metabolized and excreted. Where are adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones excreted?

Bile and urine

When caring for a client who is being screened for osteoporosis, the nurse plans to evaluate the results of which of theses diagnostic tests?

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

A nurse examines the laboratory values of a patient in heart failure. Which of the following values indicates a compensatory hormone mechanism?

Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone

Which statements concerning endocrinology laboratory testing are true? Select all that apply.

Endocrine tests are generally sensitive to storage requirements. Patient education regarding endocrine testing must include specific test requirements.

When caring for a client with anemia and a decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), the nurse recognizes which of these hormones will stimulate the bone marrow to produce additional RBCs?

Erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones exert paracrine action?

Estrogen Progesterone

The hypophysis is a unit formed by the pituitary and the hypothalamus. These two glands are connected by the blood flow in what system?

Hypophyseal portal system

The physician is assessing a client with a preliminary diagnosis of endocrine disorder. Further assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, body temperature, and neural input. The physician determines the need to further assess the:

Hypothalamus

Which gland acts as a signal relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus

An instructor is teaching the class about positive feedback mechanism. The best example would be:

Increased estradiol production causes increased gonadotropin (FSH) production.

A 51 year-old woman has been experiencing signs and symptoms of perimenopause and has sought help from her family physician. A deficiency in estrogen levels has been determined to be a contributing factor. Which of the following phenomena could potentially underlie the woman's health problem?

Insufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the relevant cells.

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback system? Select all that apply.

Insulin and glucagon Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone Somatostatin and thyroid-stimulating hormone Calcium and parathyroid hormone

A male patient has been diagnosed with a low sperm count. Which of the following endocrine imbalances could contribute to this condition? Select all that apply.

Lack of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Insufficient androgens

A patient develops hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery. Which of the following hormonal imbalances caused this complication?

Lack of parathyroid hormone

Neurotransmitters like catecholamines (ex. dopamine and epinephrine) have a reaction time of:

Milliseconds.

What is the most common mechanism of hormone control?

Negative feedback

The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body?

Negative feedback loop

Which of the following hormones will elicit a more rapid response than the others?

Norepinephrine

Which of the following are examples of amines? Select all that apply.

Norepinephrine Epinephrine

While reviewing the concept of nuclear receptors with a group of pathophysiology students, the instructor uses the example of clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione medication. Because of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the drug has which effect on the clients' diabetes? Select the best answer.

Promote glucose uptake and increase the synthesis of certain proteins involved in fat metabolism, which reduces levels of certain types of lipids.

Select the process that allows hormones to exert influence upon some cells and not others.

Receptor binding

The physician suspects a client may be experiencing hypofunction of an endocrine organ. Select the most appropriate test to determine organ function.

Stimulation tests

A client who is referred to the endocrinologist's office for an evaluation of his hormone levels asks what regulates the hormone levels. The best response would be that hormone levels in the body are primarily regulated by:

The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which of these does the nurse explain to the client is the role of the thyroid gland?

The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate.