Physiology 31 - Lab Exam

Astigmatism

A defect in the eye or in the lens caused by a deviationfrom spherical curvature, which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus.

Hyperopia

Farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

Numerous Skin Receptors

Free Nerve Endings Merkel's Discs Ruffini Corpuscles Meissner's Corpuscles Pacinian Corpuscles

Receptors when doing sit ups

Interoceptor (Proprioceptor)

The cardiac control center of the _____ coordinates the autonomic innervation of the heart. A. Pons B. Cerebrum C. Medulla Oblongata D. Midbrain

Medulla Oblongata

Myopia

Nearsightedness

Sound heard in one ear but not the other

Sensory Neural

Merkel's Discs

Sustained touch and pressure

Convergence

The ability to turn the two eyes inward toward each other to look at a close object. We depend on this visual skill for near-work activities such as desk work at school, working on a smartphone type device, or even in sports when catching a ball.

Component of human blood

The formed elements in blood include erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs); various types of leukocytes of which blood cells (WBCs) and platelets

Least common blood type

Type AB Negative

Resting Cardiac Rate for an Adult A. 60 bpm B. 70 bpm C. 75 bpm D. 80 bpm

70 beats/min

Incus

A small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations between the malleus and stapes.

Malleus

A small bone in the middle ear that transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus.

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart will _____. A. Increase the heart rate of diastolic depolarization B. Increase conduction rate C. Increase the strength of contraction D. All Apply

All Apply

Agglutinins

Antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBC's of a different blood type Found in the plasma

What type of receptors do norepinephrine and epinephrine bind in the heart? A. B1 Adrenergic B. A1 Adrenergic C. Muscarinic D. Nicotonic

B1 Adrenergic

Blood type of anti-B

Blood types A and O

Blood type of anti-A

Blood types B and O

Meissner's Corpuscles

Changes in texture, slow vibrations

Fusion of Ossicles

Conductive

Impacted cerumen or torn eardrum

Conductive

Pharyngotympanic Tube

Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx. Helps to equalize air pressure in the middle ear

Ruffini Corpuscles (endings)

Detect stretch

Stroke volume is affected by the following EXCEPT _______. A. Total peripheral resistance B. Emotional stress C. Cardiac contractility D. End-diastolic volume (EDV)

Emotional Stress

The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole is known as the ________. A. After-load B. Pre-diastolic volume (PDV) C. Stroke Volume (SV) D. End-diastolic volume (EDV)

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Receptors in backing into a hot iron

Exteroceptor and Nociceptor

Receptors when someone steps on your foot

Exteroceptor, and Nociceptor

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Hemolytic disease of the newborn. Type of Anemia in which the RBCs of a fetus are destroyed in a maternal immune reaction resulting from a blood group incompatibility between the fetus and its mother.

Edema would be induced by all of the following EXCEPT _________. A. Hypertension B. Protein malnutrition C. Lymphatic blockage D. Hyperthyroidsm

Hyperthyroidism

According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, as contraction increases, the stroke volume ______________. A. Decreases B. Increases C. Shows no change

Increases

Receptors when feeling too full

Interoceptor and Pacinian Corpuscles

Ear Ossicles

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

Refraction

Measurement of the focusing characteristics of an eye or eyes.

In response to increased ventricular filling, ________. A. Total peripheral resistance increases B. Sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine C. Myocardial cells stretch D. Myocardial contractility in decreases

Myocardial Cells stretch

The ejection fraction is ______. A. Normally about 60% at rest B. The ratio of end-diastolic volume to end-systolic volume C. Increased in parasympathetic agonists D. Decreased by sympathetic agonists

Normally about 60% at rest

ECG and Cardiac Cycle

P Wave: Atrial Depolarization QRS Wave: Depolarization into the Ventricles T Wave: Repolarization of the ventricles

Rinne Test

Primarily used to evaluate the loss of hearing in one ear. It compares the perception of sounds transmitted by air conduction to those transmitted by bone conduction through the mastoid. Thus, one can quickly screen for the presence of conductive hearing loss (under the pinne)

Pacinian Corpuscles

Respond to deep pressure and vibration

Free Nerve Endings

Respond to pain and temperature

Exteroceptors

Respond to stimuli from outside the body; includes cutaneous receptors and special senses (vision, temperature, pain, etc)

Interceptors

Respond to stimuli from within the body (chemical stimuli, deep pressure, etc)

Blood clot in the auditory cortex

Sensory Neural

Lesion of the cochlear nerve

Sensory Neural

Cardiac Output is equal to ______. A. Stroke Volume - Cardiac Rate B. Stroke Volume / Cardiac Rate C. Stroke Volume + Cardiac Rate D. Stroke Volume x Cardiac Rate

Stroke Volume x Cardiac Rate

Norepinephrine is released from ______ nerves, causing heart rate to _______. A. Parasympathetic, Increase B. Parasympathetic, Decrease C. Sympathetic, Increase D. Sympathetic, Decrease

Sympathetic, Increase

Accomodation

The automatic adjustment of the focus of the eye by flattening or thickening of the lens.

Weber Test

The base of a gently vibrating tuning fork is placed on the mid-forehead or the vertex. The patient is asked which ear heard the sound better. Normally, the sound is heard equally in both ears. With the unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, the sound is heard better in the unaffected ear (left or right)

Blood typing

To determine the blood group of both the donor and the recipient before blood is transfused

What is the body area most sensitive to touch? What body are is least sensitive to touch?

Tongue, lips, and fingertips are most touch-sensitive. The ventral forearm and back of the neck are least touch-sensitive.

Universal receipient

Type AB positive

Most common blood type

Type O 45% of the U.S. population

Universal Donor

Type O Negative

Where is the referred pain felt when you immerse the elbow in ice or hit the funny bone?

Upper arm (medial)

Stapes

stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear Vibrates in response of the tympanic membrane

S2 Sound

"dub" Normal closure of aortic/pulmonary valves Marks end of systole Decreased in aortic stenosis

S1 Sound

"lub" normal closure of mitral and tricuspid valves marks beginning of systole

Emmetropia

The normal refractive state of an eye, in which light rays from distant objects are focused clearly on the retina by the relaxed lens without any accommodative effort.

Divergence

The opposite of _______ and is the ability to turn the two eyes outwards to look at a distant object. We depend on this skill for distance activities such as reading the board at school, driving, and watching TV.