Patho Quiz 5

The nurse is discussing risk factors for hypertension with a client. Which factors are non-modifiable risk factors for the development of hypertension? Select all that apply.

-Advanced age -ethnicity

A client is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. The nurse knows that which drugs can predispose the client to orthostasis? Select all that apply.

-diuretics -psychotropics -Antihypertensives

A teenager is diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse knows that risk factors for hypertension in children and adolescents include which of these? Select all that apply.

-obesity -inactive lifestyle -high salt consumption

The nurse knows that the main objective of the management of hypertension is to achieve a sustainable level of blood pressure below:

140/90

The physicians order states, calculate the pulse pressure of the clients B/P. The blood pressure reading is as follows: systolic pressure of 146 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 82 mm Hg. The pulse pressure would be:

64 mm Hg

Which client is most likely to be experiencing vasodilation?

A 51-year old Man with a history of hypertension who is taking a medication that blocks the effect of the renin-angiotensin - aldosterone system

Which client is at greatest risk for orthostatic hypotension?

A 66-year-old post operative client on bed rest

When A client Experiences the Cushing reflex, what occurs with the body?

An increase in arterial pressure two levels above the intracranial pressure

Which are primary treatment options for a client with acute Venus thrombosis? Select all that apply.

Application of heat, bedrest, elastic support

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a post surgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The most important intervention for the nurse to implement would be:

Apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities

A nurse is reviewing an echocardiogram for a client with a congenital defect in the papillary muscles of the heart. Based on this result, which assessment should the nurse complete?

Auscultate for a murmur caused by the backward expulsion of blood through the atrioventricular valve

The healthcare provider is reviewing the results of a clients magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results indicate a small spherical dilation at the circle of Willis. The provider would interpret this as:

Berry aneurysm

A clients echocardiogram identified a narrowed valve that has resulted in a decreased blood flow between the left atria and left ventricle. The nurse would interpret this as the:

Bicuspid valve The bicuspid valve, (also called the mitral) controls the flow of blood between the left atria and left ventricle. The aortic valve controls flow between the left ventricle and aorta. The tricuspid controls the flow between the right atria and ventricle. The pulmonic valve controls flow between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A pregnant female client is at risk for the development of preeclampsia - eclampsia. Select the most important data to assess.

Blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy

Which blood vessels function without the benefit of having walls comprised of three muscular layers?

Capillaries

Select the correct sequence of blood return to the heart

Capillaries, venules, veins, right atrium

Which individual is at greatest risk for developing a venous thrombosis resulting from Venus stasis?

Client on bedrest

While intubated for surgery, a client has inadvertently had his Vagus nerve stimulated. What effect would the surgical team expect to observe?

Decreased heart rate as a result of parasympathetic innervation of the heart

Which statements are true regarding the capillary system?

Flow into the system is controlled by colloidal osmotic pressure, flow out of the system is controlled by hydrostatic pressure, albumin plays a significant role in maintaining the function of this system

The nurse is caring for a client with severe aortic stenosis. What effect to cardiac afterload while the nurse note?

Greatly elevated systolic pressure when measured with hemodynamic setting

The nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with varicose vein's. The nurse determines that teaching has been effective when the client states that which activity is most likely the cause of varicosities?

Heavy lifting

The healthcare provider is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis. The most appropriate information to provide would be:

Hypertension

An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest concern for an older adult taking this class of drug?

Hypotension

When will the nurse plan to assess a clients blood pressure to confirm the possible diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension?

In the morning before arising from bed

Considering how hydrostatic forces affect the capillaries, which of the following would increase capillary hydrostatic pressure most?

Increase in venous pressure

A 65-year-old male client is diagnosed with systolic hypertension. The nurse educates the client about how the aging process and development of Stiff, large arteries can result in which physiologic occurrence? Select all that apply.

Increase systolic pressure, widened pulse pressure, decreased diastolic pressure

Which statement describes the greatest diagnostic limitation of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

It documents only current cardiac function

Which of the following is true regarding pulmonary circulation?

It is a low-pressure system that allows for improved gas exchange.

Which organ has larger capillary pores to allow the exchange of gases, nutrients, and/or waste products?

Liver

Which related circulatory complication can result from surgical treatment for metastatic breast cancer?

Lymphedema in the affected arm

Which of the following are characteristic signs of acute arterial embolism?

Pallor, pulselessness, and pain

Which factor represents the amount of blood that the heart must pump with each beat and is determined by the stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers and the actions of the heart prior to cardiac contraction?

Preload

A nurse is teaching a client the correct technique for taking an arterial pulse. The nurse explains that the pulsations are:

Pressure pulses

A nurse is caring for a client with right heart failure caused by pulmonary hypertension. Which hemodynamic parameter is most appropriate for the nurse to monitor?

Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)

A client presents to the emergency department reporting bilateral cyanosis and pallor of the fingers after being out in the cold weather for five minutes. The toes are a normal color. What is a potential diagnosis for this client?

Raynaud disease

A client has had an acute myocardial infarction (MI). The brother of the client has a history of angina. The client asks how he will know if his brothers pain is angina or if the brother is actually having an MI. Which statement is correct?

Rest and intake of nitroglycerin relieve chest pain with angina; they do not relieve chest pain with an MI

A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for:

Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

acetylcholine

Which of the following blood flow patterns reduces friction, allowing the blood layers to slide smoothly over one another?

laminar

A client has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The nurse is planning care and recognizes that the client is most at risk for:

pulmonary embolism

The electrical activity of the heart is recorded on the ECG. What does the T wave on the ECG represent?

repolarization of ventricles