PEDG 2342 Midterm

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What is the approximate difference between the amount of per-pupil expenditure provided to students in high-income communities and the amount of per-pupil expenditure provided to students in low-income communities in the United States?

$12,000

What is the approximate range of per-pupil expenditure for public schools in the United States?

$3,000-$15,000

What percentage of the total U.S. population was born outside the United States?

12%

At what percentage does Congress fund mandated services of children with disabilities as of 2007?

18%

What percentage of the total cost to educate children with disabilities has Congress set?

40%

In 2005, what percentage of fourth graders in the United States were eligible for free or reduced lunches?

41%

What percentage of school funds is supported by local property taxes?

44%

What percentage of students have experienced physical sexual harassment at school?

68%

What is the percentage of support that the U.S. federal government provides toward the cost for education?

7%

The income of women was what percentage of men's in 2005?

81%

What statement best describes a person's opportunity for social mobility in the United States?

A college education is the most reliable step for moving form a low-income to a middle-class and higher status

Which of the following statements is not true? (4)

A variety of gender behaviors is widely tolerated

What is the difference between American Sign Language (ASL) and signed English?

ASL is the only sign language recognized as a language in its own right

In which of the following ways are languages the same?

All languages have developed to express the needs of their users

Which of the following statements is true?(4)

Although there are tendencies for male and female behavior, not all men and women fit a male or female stereotype

What percentage of the U.S. population has ancestors who immigrated to the United States (as opposed to those who were born outside the United States)?

Approximately 88%

Which group is consistently shown to be underrepresented in disability categories and overrepresented in gifted and talented classes?

Asians and Pacific Americans

Which of the following is not an advantage that boys tend to have in schools?

Attention-getting classroom behavior

Which of the following groups is least likely to adhere to rigid gender roles?

Bicultural families

Which of the following is not relevant in the controversy generated by California's Proposition 227?

Bilingual education and English as a Second Language (ESL) may explain differing special education placement rates for African Americans and Latinos

Which of the following statements is not true about boys?

Boys tend to favor the left hemisphere of the brain that is associated with speaking, reading, and writing

Men workers are overrepresented in what area?

Business

Which of the following statements best describes the Census predictions about U.S. schools?

By 2050, students of color will comprise more than 50% of the U.S. school population

Which of the following statements is true? (5)

By the 1998-1999 school year, nearly one half of the students with disabilities spent a significant part of their day in general education classrooms

How is poverty tracked in schools?

By the number of students eligible for free or reduced lunches

Which of the following statements is not true?

Census projections for schools in 2050 indicate that white students will continue to comprise approximately 70% of U.S. school populations

What role should nonstandard English play in the schools?

Children's use of nonstandard English should be respected

Which of the following statements does not describe the characteristics of culture?

Culture is individualized

Which statement is not true about curriculum for equality?

Curriculum and textbooks generally focus on the role of labor in the United States

The dialect of the majority of Black Americans is called

Ebonics

Which of the following statements is true? (5a)

Exceptional children are defined as those children who differ from the norm.

Which of the following statements is not true about girls?

Females are reported to have greater right-hemisphere specialization

Which of the following group sis more likely to require strict adherence to gender-differentiated roles?

Fundamentalist religious groups

According to the U.S. Census (2006), most U.S. citizens identify their ethnicity as?

German

The European heritage with which most U.S. people of European American ethnicity identify is?

German

Which of the following statements is not true? (6c)

Individuals who are deaf rarely marry another deaf person

Which of the following statements is true? (3a)

International studies report that the gap between high and low wages is greater in the United States than in most other industrialized countries

Laws forcing whites and people of color to use different public accommodations such as water fountains, restaurants, transportation, and schools were called?

Jim Crow laws

An educator who has had great influence on our understanding of the role of democracy in education is?

John Dewey

Which of the following is not an advantage that boys tend to have in schools?

Less likely to be victims of school violence

Which statement best describes the development of multicultural education?

Multicultural education is not a new concept

Which of the following statements is not true? (6a)

Native speakers are consciously aware of the rules of their language community

Which function is not served by nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal communication conveys surface messages

Which of the following statements is not true about nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal communication never replaces a verbal message

Which of the following statements is true? (5b)

Nutrition can affect special education placement

Which of the following statements is true? (6a)

People who share the same language often share the same feelings, beliefs, and behaviors

Which court case did NOT lead to greater inclusion of students with special needs?

Plessy v. Ferguson

Which of the following statements is true? (3b)

Poverty is least likely to be a condition of white men

Which of the following statements is not true? (4c)

Researchers have found a difference in the achievement of students attending single-sex schools compared with those attending coed schools

Which of the following statements is not true? (4b)

Researchers have found that educators treat boys and girls equally in the classroom

Which of the following is not a fundamental belief or assumption supporting the concept of multicultural education?

School is not the place to promote democracy

Which of the following is a fundamental belief or assumption supporting the concept of multicultural education?

Schools should be models for the expression of human rights and respect for cultural and group differences

Which of the following statements is not true about sexual harassment in schools?

Sexual harassment is experienced by only girls and not boys

Which of the following statements is true? (6b)

Some scholars estimate that as many as 10,000 languages exist in the world today.

The language that is considered proper in the Unite estates is known as

Standard English

What statement best describes teacher expectations?

Teacher expectations can be a self-fulfilling prophesy

Which statement is not true about teacher expectations?

Teacher expectations often have little impact on the educational experiences of low-income students

Which of the following is not recommended for teachers who work with students with disabilities?

Teachers should be especially protective of students with disabilities

Which statement is not true? (3)

The "culture of poverty" best describes the condition of the poor

Which of the following statements is not true about Title IX?

The Title IX law prevents gender discrimination in all memberships in clubs

Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the assessment of children who are English Language Learners (ELL)?

The assessment of children who are ELL is seen as unbiased

Gender is defined as?

The characteristics of femininity and masculinity that are determined by culture

Which of the following was not an outcome of the Lau v. Nichols 1974 class-action suit?

The court mandated bilingual education for non-English-speaking students or limited-English-speaking students

Which statement best describes the poor?

The poor are a very heterogeneous group

Which of the following statements is not true about the women's movement?

The women's movement began in the 1960s

Which of the following trends has been reported in the nation's schools from 1984 to 1999?

There has been a progressive trend toward greater inclusion in the nation's schools

Which statement best describes U.S. immigration policy historically?

Throughout history, the U.S. Congress has tended to prohibit the immigration of different national or ethnic groups

What mechanism does not describe the process through which immigrants may legally enter the United States today?

Undocumented

Which is not an example of the INTASC (Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium) dispositions expected of teacher candidates?

Using assessment to identify student deficiencies

Which of the following statements is true?

Various groups under the heading of Asians and Pacific Americans experience different rates of placement into special education and gifted and talented classes

The most reliable step for moving form a low-income to a middle-class and higher status is?

a college education

The definition of meritocracy is?

a system based on the belief that an individual's achievements are based on his or her own efforts

Which of the following approaches will likely lead to a child's effective adjustment to his/her disability?

acknowledging the limitations of students with disabilities

Generally, the media do NOT portray individuals with disabilities as

adults capable of leadership

At what age have children generally learned the syntax of their native language?

age 5

Which of the following statements is not true? (6b)

all languages are equal

The concept of normalization led to the practice of

allowing students with disabilities to learn in general education classes and have a sense of belonging in these classes

Supporters of tracking argue that separating students based on their perceived abilities?

allows teachers to better meet the needs of all students

Pluralism is associated with?

an understanding of otherness

How many gifted and talented students were reported in the United States in 2005?

approximately 3 million

What is the number of languages spoken in the United States in 2000, according to the Census Bureau

approximately 330 languages

What was the estimated number of non-English-speaking individuals living in the United States in 2000, according to the Census Bureau?

approximately 47 million

What percentage of women enroll in college compared to men?

approximately 55% of women enroll in college, compared to 45% of men

How many languages are estimated to exist in the world today?

between 4,000 and 5,000

Manual and repetitive labor is associated with?

blue-collar work

Researchers have found that

boys and girls provide leadership equally in middle school science activities

The majority of legal immigrants enter the United States?

by family sponsorship

Dissonant acculturation describes the process of?

children learning English and the new culture while parents retain their native language and culture

Which statement is not true bout the concept of color blindness according to advocates of multicultural education?

color blindness will lead teachers to create fair and equitable classrooms

Which of the following statements describes the characteristics of culture?

culture is shared

The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision?

declared that separate schooling was not equal

Biological determinism refers to the argument that

differences between men and women are due to genetic makeup

An example of how teachers can facilitate the acceptance of a child with a disability into the classroom is

encouraging a hearing-impaired student to demonstrate how his/her hearing aid works

The process of acquiring the characteristics of a given culture is called?

enculturation

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was designed to

end discrimination against individuals with disabilities in private-sector employment, public services, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications

Which of the following is not an acculturation pattern among immigrant groups according to Rumbaut and Portes (2001)?

exclusion

Multicultural education is often criticized for?

focusing on differences rather than on similarities among groups

Jim Crow laws?

forced whites and people of color to use different public accommodations

The characteristics of felinity and masculinity that are determined by culture are called?

gender

Tracking is defined as the practice of?

grouping students by perceived ability level

The Lau v. Nichols 1972 class-action suit initially resulted in

guidelines that prescribed transitional bilingual education programs

The goal of desegregation?

has changed from the physical integration of students within a building to the achievement of equal learning opportunities and outcomes for all students

Today the focus of court cases concerning desegregation efforts?

has changed from the physical integration of students within a building to the achievement of equal learning opportunities and outcomes for all students

Homophobia is actually a form of

heterosexism

The privileged sexual orientation in U.S. society is

heterosexuality

Heterosexism is actually a form of

homophobia

Suggestions for addressing the topic of class in schools do not include?

identifying students as members of specific socioeconomic groups rather than individuals

An example for how teachers decrease the likelihood that a child with disabilities will be accepted as an equal in the classroom is

ignoring students' questions about a classmates's wheelchair

Women working are overrepresented in which of the following areas?

in service occupations

Attempts to reduce gender stereotyping have occurred

in textbooks

Today genera roles are stereotyped least

in textbooks

The number of people who identify themselves as multiethnic or multiracial has?

increased in recent years

A core value of the dominant culture of the United States is?

individualism

Which group generally experiences less discrimination and social rejection?

individuals who are gifted and talented

Which group is most likely to form its own cultural group?

individuals with hearing impairments

Inequalities that have been integrated into the system-wide operation of society through legislation and practices is called?

institutional discrimination

Suggestions for addressing the topic of class in schools include?

integrating the perspectives of poor, working class, middle class, and upper middle class

International studies report that the gap between high and low wages?

is greater in the United States than in most other industrialized countries

Appropriate gender behavior

is reinforced through schooling

See the Chapter 1 section entitled Multicultural Education?

know a second language

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s?

led to greater equality for many groups in society

Researchers have found (4a)

little or no difference int he achievement of girls or their attitudes toward the subject when they are in girls-only or coed courses

Advocates of multicultural education argue that the concept of "color blindness"?

maintains white privilege because it fails to recognize the existence of racial inequality in schools

Normalization is defined as

making available to all students with disabilities or other handicaps patterns of life and conditions of everyday living that are as close as possible to or indeed the same as the regular circumstances and ways of life of society.

The system based on the belief that an individual's achievements are based on his or her own efforts is called?

meritocracy

Curriculum and textbooks usually focus on the values and experiences of?

middle-class society

Cultural borders are established in a classroom when teachers promote?

monoculturalism

How many individuals with disabilities were living in the United States in 2005?

more than 50 million

Border crossing occurs in?

multicultural classrooms

Advocates of multicultural education argue that the standards developed in the 1990s?

must promote the inclusion of diverse groups and multiple perspectives

The movement to restrict immigration is called?

nativism

The U.S. is comprised of how many ethnic groups?

nearly 300

Problems associated with the assessment of children who are English Language Learners (ELL) include

norming of tests on children from white, middle-class backgrounds

People who share the same language

often share the same feelings, beliefs, and behaviors

With regard to the use of computer technology, girls tend to be more involved with

online publishing

The media often portrays individuals with disabilities as

people who are childlike

Assimilation referes to?

policies that force children to adopt the dominant culture

With regard to the use of computer technology, boys tend to be more involved with

programming

Which statement is not true about the concept of race?

race is a stable category for organizing and differentiating people

The most integrated schools in the United States are?

rural schools

Multicultural education seeks to promote?

schools that value differences among students

According to Cummins, how long does it take for English Language Learners (ELL) to develop academic proficiency in English?

seven to nine years

The process of learning the social norms of a culture is called?

socialization

Replacing one's native language with a second language is called?

subtractive bilingualism

The 1972 federal law known as Title IX

supported educational equity for girls and women

In reference to student achievement, studies have shown that?

teachers can help to close the achievement gaps experienced by different groups of students

Children are less likely to adjust effectively to their disability when

teachers ignore the limitations of students with disabilities

Maslow's (1954) concept of self-actualization implies that

teachers must be a part of meeting the physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness needs, and esteem needs of special education students.

The historic Supreme Court decision that declared that separate schooling was not equal was?

the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision

Class-action suits that led to greater inclusion of students with disabilities were brought in

the 1970s.

The most significant civil rights legislation in the United States since the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was

the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Bilingualism is defined as

the ability to speak two languages

One are not chafed by Title IX legislation is

the basic assumptions and attitudes people hold about appropriate female and male roles, occupations, and behaviors

Individualism is defined as?

the belief that every individual is in control of his or her own destiny

Which statement is true?

the concept of race is a social construct

A central concern for special educators related to California's Proposition 227 is

the conflict between state and federal law.

Bilingual education has been supported by

the decision to allow principals and parents to make decisions about bilingual placement

Additive bilingualism referes to

the development of a second language without detriment to the first

California's Proposition 227 led to

the dismantling of bilingual education programs

The term colloquialism refers to

the informal or conversational speech of a community

Cultural identity is determined by?

the interaction of various group memberships within society

The definition of Standard English is?

the language that is considered proper in a community

Women in the United States have participated in a number of movements to fight for gender equality since

the mid-19th century

Which statement is not true?

the most integrated schools are located in urban areas

Wealth is defined as?

the net worth of a family

The concept of otherness describes?

the plurality of ways to understand the world

Stereotyping is defined as?

the process of applying generalizations to a group without consideration of individual differences within the group

Heterosexuality refers to

the sexual attraction to members of the opposite sex

Generally by the age of 5, children have learned which of the following about their native language?

the syntax of their native language

Studies (Carey, 2004; Sanders & Rivers, 1996) indicate that the most significant factor in student achievement is?

the teacher's effectiveness

In his 1916 classic, educator and philosopher John Dewey explored?

the tension between democracy and egalitarianism

Which of the following instructional approaches is likely to be detrimental to children who use nonstandard dialects?

the use of nonstandard English in school

In recent years,

there has been an increase in the number of people who identify themselves as multiethnic and multiracial

Which is true about blue-collar jobs?

they require manual and often repetitive labor

Exceptionality referes to

those individuals who differ form the norm (either below or above) to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education and related services to fully benefit from education

According to Cummins, how long does it take for English Language Learners (ELL) to develop an everyday conversational use of English?

two years

Which of the following is not a contributing variable associated with disproportionate placement of male, minority, and low-income students into special education?

unbiased assessment

The net worth of a family is called?

wealth

The ethnic groups least likely to be familiar with the ethnicities and cultures of other groups are

white ethnic groups

The ethnic groups that are most vulnerable to knowing only their own group and culture are?

white ethnic groups

Poverty is least likely to affect?

white men


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