Penney Ch.19. Menstrual cycle

Late proliferative phase of endometrial cycle would yield

3 line sign

Periovulatory phase

AKA late proliferative phase

Late proliferative phase of endometrium

AKA periovulatory phase

Spiral arteries

Arteries within functional layer of endometrium that are altered by hormones of ovary and are shed by menatruation.

28 days

Average menstrual cycle

secondary amenorrhea

Cessation of menstruation characteristically diagnosed in post menopausal woman 3-6 months without a menstrual cycle.

AUB (abnormal uterine bleeding)

Change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions in uterus

DUB

Commonly caused by PCOS

Structure remains after corpus luteum has regressed

Corpus albicans

Structure noted within Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is

Cumulus oophorus

Periovulatory phase of uterine cycle

Distinct 3 line sign. 6-10 mm

Adenomyosis

Ectopic endometrial tissue within uterus that leads to AUB

Causes of AUB

Endometrial hyperplasia. Uterine fibroids. Adenomyosis. Cervical polyps. Endometrial polyps. Endometrial cancer. Hypothyroidism. Anovulation. .

Ovary in luteal phase

Endometrium in secretory phase

Hormone of pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of ovary

FSH

Primary amenorrhea

Failure to experience menarche before age 16

Menarche

First menstrual period

First phase of ovarian cycle

Follicular phase

Days 1-14

Follicular phase. Proliferative phase

polymenorrhea

Frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days.

hCG

Hormone maintains corpus luteum during pregnancy

progesterone

Hormone maintains thickness of endometrium after ovulation

hCG

Hormone produced by trophoblastic cells of early placenta to sustain pregnancy.

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Hormone surges at ovulation

LH and FSH

Hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland

Sonographically, when the 3 line sign is present, the functional layer is

Hypoechoic

Endometrial hyperplasia

Increase in number of endometrial cells

metrorrhagia (intermenstrual bleeding)

Irregular menstrual bleeding between periods

Day 15-28

Luteal phase. Secretory phase.

Cryptomenorrhea

Monthly symptoms of menstruation w/o bleeding

Structure produces hormones hat directly act upon he endometrium to produce varying thickness and sonographic appearance

Ovary

Ovaries. Freely. Let. Every. Period. Start.

Ovary. Follicular. Luteal. Endometrium. Proliferative. Secretory.

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Produced by anterior pituitary gland

Corpus luteum primarily releases

Progesterone

First phase of endometrial cycle

Proliferative phase

hypomenorrhea

Regularly timed menses but light flow

Esteogen

Released by ovary during proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening

luteal phase

Second half of ovarian cycle

Second phase of endometrial cycle

Secretory phase

Graafian follicle

Structure noted on ovary just prior to ovulation

cumulus oophorus

Temporary endocrine gland that results from rupture of Graafian follicle

secretory phase of uterine cycle

Thick and echogenic. 7-14 mm

Early proliferative phase of uterine cycle

Thickening hypoechoic functional layer. 4-8mm

menses phase of uterine cycle

Thin and echogenic. Up to 4 mm

Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)

excessive loss of blood during a menstrual period

menometrorrhagia

excessive uterine bleeding during and between menstrual periods

day 14 of menstrual cycle

ovulation

oligomenorrhea

scanty menstrual flow

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

secreted from the hypothalamus; increase the production of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary