Penney Ch.19. Menstrual cycle
Late proliferative phase of endometrial cycle would yield
3 line sign
Periovulatory phase
AKA late proliferative phase
Late proliferative phase of endometrium
AKA periovulatory phase
Spiral arteries
Arteries within functional layer of endometrium that are altered by hormones of ovary and are shed by menatruation.
28 days
Average menstrual cycle
secondary amenorrhea
Cessation of menstruation characteristically diagnosed in post menopausal woman 3-6 months without a menstrual cycle.
AUB (abnormal uterine bleeding)
Change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions in uterus
DUB
Commonly caused by PCOS
Structure remains after corpus luteum has regressed
Corpus albicans
Structure noted within Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is
Cumulus oophorus
Periovulatory phase of uterine cycle
Distinct 3 line sign. 6-10 mm
Adenomyosis
Ectopic endometrial tissue within uterus that leads to AUB
Causes of AUB
Endometrial hyperplasia. Uterine fibroids. Adenomyosis. Cervical polyps. Endometrial polyps. Endometrial cancer. Hypothyroidism. Anovulation. .
Ovary in luteal phase
Endometrium in secretory phase
Hormone of pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of ovary
FSH
Primary amenorrhea
Failure to experience menarche before age 16
Menarche
First menstrual period
First phase of ovarian cycle
Follicular phase
Days 1-14
Follicular phase. Proliferative phase
polymenorrhea
Frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days.
hCG
Hormone maintains corpus luteum during pregnancy
progesterone
Hormone maintains thickness of endometrium after ovulation
hCG
Hormone produced by trophoblastic cells of early placenta to sustain pregnancy.
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Hormone surges at ovulation
LH and FSH
Hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland
Sonographically, when the 3 line sign is present, the functional layer is
Hypoechoic
Endometrial hyperplasia
Increase in number of endometrial cells
metrorrhagia (intermenstrual bleeding)
Irregular menstrual bleeding between periods
Day 15-28
Luteal phase. Secretory phase.
Cryptomenorrhea
Monthly symptoms of menstruation w/o bleeding
Structure produces hormones hat directly act upon he endometrium to produce varying thickness and sonographic appearance
Ovary
Ovaries. Freely. Let. Every. Period. Start.
Ovary. Follicular. Luteal. Endometrium. Proliferative. Secretory.
LH (luteinizing hormone)
Produced by anterior pituitary gland
Corpus luteum primarily releases
Progesterone
First phase of endometrial cycle
Proliferative phase
hypomenorrhea
Regularly timed menses but light flow
Esteogen
Released by ovary during proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening
luteal phase
Second half of ovarian cycle
Second phase of endometrial cycle
Secretory phase
Graafian follicle
Structure noted on ovary just prior to ovulation
cumulus oophorus
Temporary endocrine gland that results from rupture of Graafian follicle
secretory phase of uterine cycle
Thick and echogenic. 7-14 mm
Early proliferative phase of uterine cycle
Thickening hypoechoic functional layer. 4-8mm
menses phase of uterine cycle
Thin and echogenic. Up to 4 mm
Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
excessive loss of blood during a menstrual period
menometrorrhagia
excessive uterine bleeding during and between menstrual periods
day 14 of menstrual cycle
ovulation
oligomenorrhea
scanty menstrual flow
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
secreted from the hypothalamus; increase the production of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary