Periodic Table Trends
Noble Gases
all are gasses all are usually non reactive used in a variety of light bulbs and lighted signs
Super Heavy Metals
all are metals all are radioactive all are synthetically made and short lived all are never found in pure form in nature
Actinide Metals
all are metals all are radioactive includes elements used in nuclear reachers and atomic bombs
Rare Earth metals
all are metals all are soft, silvery white includes elements with very high magnetic strength
Nitrogen Family
contains metals, non metals, and metalloids includes an element that is denser as a liquid than a solid includes the most abundant element in the atmosphere
Alkaline Earth Metals
soft silvery white to gray metals burns with white colored light includes an element needed for strong bones
Electron Affinity
the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron
Metalloids
Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium, Antimony, Tellurium, Astatine
Properties of Non Metals
Brittle, gases at room temperature, low melting and boiling point, poor conductors
Groups
Columns on the Periodic Table
Atomic Radius
Distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron Increases down a group Decreases across a period
Properties of Metal
Ductile, good conductors, high melting point, high boiling point, malleable, shiny, solid at room temperature
Lewis Dot Diagram
Find the group the element is in. Alkali Metals: 1 Alkaline Earth Metals: 2 Transition Metals: 2 Boron Family: 3 Carbon Family: 4 Nitrogen Family: 5 Oxygen Family: 6 Halogens: 7 Noble Gases: 8
Families
Groups of elements with common characteristics
Reactivity of Non Metals
Readiness of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction Decreases down a group Increases across a period Fluorine
Reactivity of metals
Readiness of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction Increases down a group Decreases across a period Francium
Periods
Rows on the Periodic Table
Boron Family
Soft silvery metals Low melting point Includes the most toxic element
Alkali Metals
Soft, silvery white metals react violently with water includes an element that is important for brain function rarely found in natural state
Electronegativity
The ability of the atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond Decreases down a group Increases across a period Fluorine
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom Decreases down a group Increases across a period
Valence Electrons
The outermost electron
Halogens
includes gasses, liquids, and solids includes the most reactive element includes elements essential to the human body
Oxygen Family
includes metals and non metals includes a gas as well as solids includes an element that supports combustion
Carbon Family
includes soft, bendable metals includes strong brittle non menials includes an element found in organic compounds
Transition Metals
many are silvery gray metals metal alloys corrosion resistant metals
Density
mass of a substance divided by volume