Periodic Table Trends

Noble Gases

all are gasses all are usually non reactive used in a variety of light bulbs and lighted signs

Super Heavy Metals

all are metals all are radioactive all are synthetically made and short lived all are never found in pure form in nature

Actinide Metals

all are metals all are radioactive includes elements used in nuclear reachers and atomic bombs

Rare Earth metals

all are metals all are soft, silvery white includes elements with very high magnetic strength

Nitrogen Family

contains metals, non metals, and metalloids includes an element that is denser as a liquid than a solid includes the most abundant element in the atmosphere

Alkaline Earth Metals

soft silvery white to gray metals burns with white colored light includes an element needed for strong bones

Electron Affinity

the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron

Metalloids

Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium, Antimony, Tellurium, Astatine

Properties of Non Metals

Brittle, gases at room temperature, low melting and boiling point, poor conductors

Groups

Columns on the Periodic Table

Atomic Radius

Distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron Increases down a group Decreases across a period

Properties of Metal

Ductile, good conductors, high melting point, high boiling point, malleable, shiny, solid at room temperature

Lewis Dot Diagram

Find the group the element is in. Alkali Metals: 1 Alkaline Earth Metals: 2 Transition Metals: 2 Boron Family: 3 Carbon Family: 4 Nitrogen Family: 5 Oxygen Family: 6 Halogens: 7 Noble Gases: 8

Families

Groups of elements with common characteristics

Reactivity of Non Metals

Readiness of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction Decreases down a group Increases across a period Fluorine

Reactivity of metals

Readiness of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction Increases down a group Decreases across a period Francium

Periods

Rows on the Periodic Table

Boron Family

Soft silvery metals Low melting point Includes the most toxic element

Alkali Metals

Soft, silvery white metals react violently with water includes an element that is important for brain function rarely found in natural state

Electronegativity

The ability of the atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond Decreases down a group Increases across a period Fluorine

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom Decreases down a group Increases across a period

Valence Electrons

The outermost electron

Halogens

includes gasses, liquids, and solids includes the most reactive element includes elements essential to the human body

Oxygen Family

includes metals and non metals includes a gas as well as solids includes an element that supports combustion

Carbon Family

includes soft, bendable metals includes strong brittle non menials includes an element found in organic compounds

Transition Metals

many are silvery gray metals metal alloys corrosion resistant metals

Density

mass of a substance divided by volume