PH final 1

Public Health Recommendations that are both good and have a net substantial benefit would be graded:

A

All of the following are needed in order for a disease to be eradicated except:

A vaccine must exist

Can you think of an example where a change to the environment has caused significant health issues here in the U.S.?

Answer: An example of when the change in the environment has caused a significant health issue in the U.S is when there are forest fires. Forest fires produce a lot of carbon dioxide which is very dangerous for us to take in as large sums because it adds harmful toxins into our lungs.

What words does the Acronym BIg GEMS stands for

Behavior, Infections, Genetics, Geography, Environment, Medical Care and Socioeconomic culture.

All of the following are steps present in a risk assessment except:

Cause treatment

All of the following are the ideals of primary care and are part of the 6C's except:

Commitment

All of the following are accurate descriptions of Insurance Terms except:

Deductible—The amount that the insurance company is responsible for paying before being eligible to cover services.

All of the following statements are true of Essential Public Health Services except

Dictate funding needs for implementation of policies

All of the following statements are true of employment-based health insurance except:

Employment-based insurance is the smallest single category of insurance coverage in the United States.

All of the following are different approaches to addressing environmental health issues except:

Environmental screening

According to the Nuremberg Code, the voluntary consent of the human subject is not essential.

False

All of the following are true of health systems except:

Health systems are organizations that provide services and are housed all under the same building

All the following are examples of society's vulnerable groups except: Answers: The disabled The elderly Highly educated with high income People with HIV

Highly educated with high income

What is your opinion regarding how much the US spends on Healthcare. Should we be spending more or less? Why?

I personally thing that the US spends a lot on healthcare, however I feel like they shouldn't be because there still are a lot of people within the country that live without healthcare.

What is your opinion on the current state of our country's public health system?

I think that our current state of our country's public health system could be a lot better because there are a lot of people within the country without health care.

Which of the following does not appropriately describe the decision-making process in healthcare:

In the Informing of decision, the patient tells the health provider what the decision or process will be

In your opinion why is it important to screen for non-communicable diseases

It is important to screen for non- communicable diseases because if you do the screening early then you can possibly reduce the possibility of the disease becoming very deadly.

What is the name of the person often called the father of epidemiology?

John Snow

All of the following statements are true of Medicaid except:

Medicaid reimbursement rates to clinicians are often high

What is Medicare?

Medicare is a federal health insurance system that covers individuals 65 and older and individuals that are disabled.

All below are examples of Health Disparities in the U.S. except:

Minority females are three times less likely to suffer from Diabetes

All of the following are roles of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO'S) in Public Health Except:

NGOs play important roles in public health around the world not so in the United States

Briefly answer, is healthcare a right in the U.S? What does the constitution say about healthcare?

No, healthcare is a right in the U.S. The constitution states that everyone is granted the right to healthcare, but not everyone can afford it or has access to it

List and describe one type of inpatient facility in the U.S.

One type of inpatient facility in the U.S is a hospital. Hospitals are places that have organized physician, licensed by the state and where patients can temporarily stay when ill.

All of the following are categories of SDoH

Political beliefs

What does the acronym P.E.R.I.E stand for?

Problem, Etiology, Recommendation, Implement, Evaluate

Briefly explain how public health and social and Behavioral Sciences Related?

Public health and social and behavioral sciences are related because they both touch on the important things that affect our lives daily.

Define public health

Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and physical and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts toward a sanitary environment.

All of the following are principles of the ethical practice of public health except:

Public health programs and policies are not required and should not incorporate a variety of approaches that anticipate and respect diverse values, beliefs, and cultures in the community

All of the following are implications of Market Justice except:

Public solutions to social problems

Altering the cause alters the effect can be demonstrated by what type of studies?

Randomized controlled trials Cohort studies

All the following are the S's in sources of Public Health Data except:

Screening

All of the following are components of public health and population health except: Answers: Populations Society's shared health concerns Society's richest Society's vulnerable groups

Society's richest

Can you give an example or a reason of why someone can be quarantined?

Someone can be quarantined if they are potentially capable of sharing a communicable disease with the population.

The underlying assumption of this model is that people go through a set of incremental stages when changing behavior rather than making significant changes all at once

Stages of change model

All of the following are needed to be fulfilled for ideal screening program except:

Testing strategy for screening is not needed

All of the following are true statements regarding the World Health Organization (WHO) except:

The WHO only implements policy

What does the acronym DALYs stand for? How do you explain what a DALY is in your own words?

The acronym DALY stands for Daily Adjusted Life Years. A DALY is the sum of years of potential life that is lost due to premature mortality or due to a disability.

What does the acronym HALE stand for? Explain what a HALE is in your own words.

The acronym HALE stands for Health Adjusted Life Expectancy. a HALE is an estimate estimate of the average number of years that a person at a given age can expect to live.

All below are important things we need to keep in mind while reading health information on the internet except:

The aesthetic quality of the website Overall site quality

The evidence-based public health approach relies on epidemiological research studies to establish a contributory cause. All below help establish contributory cause except:

The cause is clearly established The "cause" precedes the "effect" in time

Explain in your own words the continuous flow of Public Health Information

The continuous flow of public health is to first collect you data. Then compile your information so that you can measure the population. Present the information that was collected. Perceive the information and then combine the information so that you can make a public health decision. And finally make a decision.

What is the difference in approach between social and market justice?

The difference in approach between social and market justice are social justice approach views the equitable distribution of health as a social responsibility. While market justice emphasized individual, rather than collective, responsibilities for health.

Briefly describe how the environment may have an influence on people's health

The environment may influence a persons health because if they live in an area in which the air quality is poor then they might develop respiratory issues or just have trouble breathing easily.

Koch's postulates hold that in order to definitively establish a cause-and-effect relationship, all of the following four conditions must be met except:

The organism can be found in cases of other diseases

What is Accreditation?

The process applied to educational and health care institutions to enforce required structures, processes and outcomes.

Institutional Review Boards assure all the following are satisfied except:

There are no risks to subjects

List three goals of government Health Agencies:

Three goals of government health agencies are to improve quality health care, lower the cost of health care and emphasize community care

List three social and behavioral sciences that contribute to public health

Three social sciences are eduction, economic status and sanitation. Three behaviorial sciences that contribute to public health are culture, religion and mental health

The healthcare system approaches population health by all below except: Answers: Clinical preventive services Behavioral counseling Treating heart attacks Preventive medications

Treating heart attacks

All of the following are types of coordination of care except:

Treatment Coordination

Traditional public health approaches population health by all below except: Answers: Communicable disease control Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Reduction in risk factors for disease Food and drug safety

Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Public health activities go back to ancient times. True or False

True

The current focus of public health is the population health approach in which coordination of public health and healthcare is based upon shared evidenced-based systems thinking. True or false

True

List two examples of screening tests for chronic diseases:

Two examples of screening for chronic diseases are pap smears and a colonoscopy.

All of the following statements are true of USAID except:

USAID is a unilateral government aid organization

All of the following are implications of Social Justice except:

Unlimited rationing of Healthcare

Three factors have major impacts on the ease of transmission of communicable diseases except:

Vehicle of transmision

Can religion influence health? Give an example

Yes religion can influence health. An example is some Christians don't believe in getting a flu shot, even though doctors recommend that you should get one every year.

All of the following are methods of financial compensation except

billing

All of the following factors affect risk associated with the impact of the environment on health except:

climate

In evidence-based public we utilize supportive or ancillary criteria. All below are correspond to these except:

evidenced results

All of the following are part of the flow of public health data except:

explaining

Exposure to lead is no longer an environmental issue we should be concerned about

false

Health Behavior cannot be changed

false

Healthcare delivery systems aim to connect inpatient and outpatient services, but exclude short-term and long-term clinical services, to provide a coordinated system of care.

false

Immunizations do not play an important role in addressing the burden of communicable diseases

false

Overall the quality of health information irrelevant

false

Risk assessment is an informal process that aims to measure the potential impact of known hazards

false

The Employer mandate in the ACA refers to employers with 100 or more employees and are generally required to offer affordable health insurance or pay a penalty.

false

The core functions of Government Public Health systems include assessment, policy evaluation and, assurance.

false

All of the following are routes through which lead typically enters our body except:

injection

Public Health what does morbidity mean?

morbidity means disease

What do the terms incidence and prevalence describe?

ncidence describes the number of new cases. Prevalence describes the overall number of cases (usually within a year)

All below are "P"s in social marketing effort except:

public

A factor that has been demonstrated to be associated on an individual basis with a health outcome is a risk factor.

true

A health disparity is a type of difference in health outcome that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage.

true

An appropriate flow of Public Health Information is important in the process of evidenced-based public health

true

Cost-effectiveness is a concept that combines issues of benefits and harms with issues of financial costs.

true

Education and training are central to the development and definition of most health professions

true

Epidemiologists are able to determine that changes to patterns of disease are not real or artifactual

true

Healthcare safety nets from health departments serve as the healthcare provider for those without other sources of health care.

true

Hospitals are licensed by the state and usually accredited by a national organization, such as The Joint Commission (formally called the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

true

Institutional review boards were created to ensure the ethical conduct of research.

true

Measuring the impact of the physical environment on health is difficult because of the many types of impacts and the often subtle effects that occur

true

Medicaid is a federal plus state program designed to pay for health services for specific categories of poor people and other designated categories of individuals.

true

Multiple risk factor reduction is a special form of intervention aimed at risk factors

true

Primary care traditionally refers to the first contact providers of care who are prepared to handle the great majority of common problems for which patients seek care.

true

Public health priorities change as populations change.

true

Public health should address principally the fundamental causes of disease and requirements for health, aiming to prevent adverse health outcomes.

true

Research is important especially for diseases that no effective preventive interventions exist.

true

Social determinants of health refer to the conditions in which people are born, grow up, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age, as well as the systems put in place to deal with illnesses that affect health and quality of life.

true

The State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) provides additional funds that states may use to enhance the health care of children.

true

The World Bank and other multilateral financial institutions are the largest funding source for global health efforts.

true

The concept of the built environment is relatively new and includes all the impacts of the physical environment as a result of human construction

true

The federal government's role in public health does not explicitly appear in the U.S. Constitution.

true

The two largest health government programs of insurance are Medicare and Medicaid

true

Understanding the reasons for disease is fundamental to the prevention of disability and death

true

having appropriate measurements of data and indicators aids the public health systems that utilize the information.

true