pH Quiz Review + Practice
base properties and examples
- contain hydrogen, but form hydroxide ions when they dissolve in water - feel slippery and taste bitter - don't react with metal ex: soap, toothpaste, baking soda, floor cleaner
acid properties and examples
- tastes sour and stings if it gets in your eye or a cut - release positively-charged hydrogen atoms (H+) into water - hydronium ions are formed after hydrogen atoms are released - acid solutions can conduct electricity and eat away metal ex: vinegar, lemon juice, battery acid, hydrochloric acid
strong acids
0 - 3
Nitric acid, HNO3, is a strong acid. The pH of a solution of HNO3 is 3. What is the concentration of the solution?
0.001 M
strong bases
11 - 14
Determine the pH of a 0.01 M solution of HNO3, a strong acid.
2
What is the pH of a 0.01 M solution of the strong acid HClO4, perchloric acid?
2
weak acids
4 - 7
weak bases
7 - 10
what is the pH of water?
7 - it's neutral
neutral substances have what kind of ion?
H3O+ = OH-
Explain how a strong acid and a weak acid behave differently when each is dissolved in water.
Strong acids ionize completely, while weak acids do not ionize completely.
Compare the ionization of a weak acid in water to the ionization of a weak base in water.
Weak acids and bases do not ionize completely.
neutralization reaction
a reaction between an acid and a base
buffer
a substance that can block changes in their pH for a period of time
electrolyte
a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water
Classify the following solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral. a. a soap solution, pH = 9 b. a sour liquid, pH = 5 c. a solution that has four times as many hydronium ions as hydroxide ions d. pure water
a. base b. acid c. acid d. neutral
what are hydrogen ions found in acids?
atoms that have had an electron knocked off who always are trying to get their electrons back, and will steal them from anything.
pH
chemical potential of hydrogen the pH of a solution indicates its concentration of H3O+ ions
bases and acids can both neutralize what?
each other
what does a hydroxide ion do when it combines with a hydrogen ion?
gives its extra electron to the hydrogen ion
what types of ions do acids typically contain?
hydrogen ions (H+)
acids have more of what kind of ion?
hydronium ions (H3O+)
bases have more of what kind of ion?
hydroxide ions (OH-)
what types of ions do bases typically contain?
hydroxide ions (OH-)
pH scale
measures how acidic or basic a substance is on a scale from 0 - 14
acid side
numbers 0 - 7 on the left side of the pH scale
base side
numbers 7 - 14 on the right side of the pH scale
Calculate the pH of a 1 x 10^-4 M solution of HBr, a strong acid.
pH = 4
pH paper
slips of paper covered in chemicals that change color depending on the pH of a substance. acid - red, base - blue.
Arrange the following substances in order of increasing acidity: vinegar (pH = 2.8), gastric juices from inside your stomach (pH = 2.0), and a soft drink (pH = 3.4).
soft drink, vinegar, gastric juices
acids and bases on the ends of the scale are...
stronger
in a neutralization reaction, the pH of the products is an average of what?
the pH of the reactants
acids and bases near the middle of the scale are...
weaker
