pH Quiz Review + Practice

base properties and examples

- contain hydrogen, but form hydroxide ions when they dissolve in water - feel slippery and taste bitter - don't react with metal ex: soap, toothpaste, baking soda, floor cleaner

acid properties and examples

- tastes sour and stings if it gets in your eye or a cut - release positively-charged hydrogen atoms (H+) into water - hydronium ions are formed after hydrogen atoms are released - acid solutions can conduct electricity and eat away metal ex: vinegar, lemon juice, battery acid, hydrochloric acid

strong acids

0 - 3

Nitric acid, HNO3, is a strong acid. The pH of a solution of HNO3 is 3. What is the concentration of the solution?

0.001 M

strong bases

11 - 14

Determine the pH of a 0.01 M solution of HNO3, a strong acid.

2

What is the pH of a 0.01 M solution of the strong acid HClO4, perchloric acid?

2

weak acids

4 - 7

weak bases

7 - 10

what is the pH of water?

7 - it's neutral

neutral substances have what kind of ion?

H3O+ = OH-

Explain how a strong acid and a weak acid behave differently when each is dissolved in water.

Strong acids ionize completely, while weak acids do not ionize completely.

Compare the ionization of a weak acid in water to the ionization of a weak base in water.

Weak acids and bases do not ionize completely.

neutralization reaction

a reaction between an acid and a base

buffer

a substance that can block changes in their pH for a period of time

electrolyte

a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water

Classify the following solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral. a. a soap solution, pH = 9 b. a sour liquid, pH = 5 c. a solution that has four times as many hydronium ions as hydroxide ions d. pure water

a. base b. acid c. acid d. neutral

what are hydrogen ions found in acids?

atoms that have had an electron knocked off who always are trying to get their electrons back, and will steal them from anything.

pH

chemical potential of hydrogen the pH of a solution indicates its concentration of H3O+ ions

bases and acids can both neutralize what?

each other

what does a hydroxide ion do when it combines with a hydrogen ion?

gives its extra electron to the hydrogen ion

what types of ions do acids typically contain?

hydrogen ions (H+)

acids have more of what kind of ion?

hydronium ions (H3O+)

bases have more of what kind of ion?

hydroxide ions (OH-)

what types of ions do bases typically contain?

hydroxide ions (OH-)

pH scale

measures how acidic or basic a substance is on a scale from 0 - 14

acid side

numbers 0 - 7 on the left side of the pH scale

base side

numbers 7 - 14 on the right side of the pH scale

Calculate the pH of a 1 x 10^-4 M solution of HBr, a strong acid.

pH = 4

pH paper

slips of paper covered in chemicals that change color depending on the pH of a substance. acid - red, base - blue.

Arrange the following substances in order of increasing acidity: vinegar (pH = 2.8), gastric juices from inside your stomach (pH = 2.0), and a soft drink (pH = 3.4).

soft drink, vinegar, gastric juices

acids and bases on the ends of the scale are...

stronger

in a neutralization reaction, the pH of the products is an average of what?

the pH of the reactants

acids and bases near the middle of the scale are...

weaker