Pharm PrepU Quizzes Unit 1

The 68-year-old client states, "I have been taking aspirin on occasion for my arthritis for many years but notice that it takes longer for it to start working now." What is the best response by the nurse?

"As you get older, absorption is prolonged and medications may take a little longer to act than normal."

The nurse is assessing a client who is being admitted to the healthcare facility. When asked about allergies, the client states, "I'm allergic to penicillin." What is the nurse's best initial response?

"Do you remember what happened the last time you received penicillin?"

A nurse is conducting an assessment of a client who has recently had several changes made to the drug regimen. What assessment question most directly addresses the safety implications of the client's drug regimen?

"Do you take any herbal supplements or alternative medications?"

A client comes to the clinic reporting vaginal discharge with itching. Which statement would alert the nurse to the possibility that the client's reports are related to a superinfection?

"I just completed a course of antibiotics prescribed by my dentist to treat a tooth abscess."

A client has asked the nurse to research a drug that the client read about online. The nurse's research reveals that it is an orphan drug. What should the nurse teach the client about this drug?

"It could be very difficult to access this drug because it's not readily available on the market."

A client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been started on insulin therapy to control glucose levels. The client does not want to take any medications that come from an animal source. What is the best response by the nurse?

"Many forms of insulin, such as genetically engineered, do not use animal products."

A client recently discovered that she is pregnant. She currently takes herbal medications to control her diabetes and the symptoms related to pregnancy. She asks the nurse if it is safe to take herbal medications while she is pregnant. What would the nurse tell this client?

"Most herbal and dietary supplements should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation."

A client who just picked up a prescription at the pharmacy asks the nurse why the client was prescribed a medication for mental health issues when the client sought treatment for allergies. What is the nurse's best response?

"Tell me the name of your prescription please."

Considering drug therapy, what would be an appropriately stated expected outcome for a client?

"The client will verbalize three medication side effects prior to discharge."

The nurse educates an older adult about the seven prescribed medications to prevent medication-related reactions and adverse effects. Which client statement indicates the need for further clarification?

"The dietary supplement I used to take before admission to the hospital is all right to restart."

In explaining the nursing process to a group of new students, what should a nurse describe?

"The nursing process involves a set of sequential yet dynamic and cyclical steps."

A nurse is preparing to administer digitalis to a client with congestive heart failure. The client asks the nurse, "Tell me something about this drug. Where does it come from?" What is the best response by the nurse?

"This drug comes from a plant called the purple foxglove."

A nurse is caring for a client who has just been prescribed a loading dose of a drug. The nurse should explain what rationale to the client for administering a loading dose?

"We want to make sure you get the benefits of the drug as quickly as possible."

The nurse is providing care for a client who has been prescribed a diuretic to treat hypertension. The client states that the effects of the drug are problematic, causing the client to wake up numerous times during the night to urinate. What assessment question should the nurse prioritize?

"When are you taking your medication?"

When a drug is discontinued, what percentage of that drug will remain in the body after three half-lives?

12.5%

The nurse provides health education for a diverse group of clients. For which client should the nurse emphasize the risk of teratogenic drug effects?

20-year-old female client who has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection

A client is receiving 250 mg of a drug that has a half-life of 8 hours. How much drug would remain after 24 hours?

31.25 mg

What client is most likely to have impaired drug metabolism?

A client who has a diagnosis of hepatitis C

Which client is most likely to experience the benefits of the placebo effect?

A client who states, "I know this drug is going to work for me

What is the characteristic action of an agonist?

Agonists bind to receptors and cause a physiologic effect.

A nurse has identified the following: Risk for injury related to central nervous system (CNS) effects of the prescribed drug therapy. What intervention should the nurse have completed in order to arrive at an appropriate nursing diagnosis?

Analyzed the data gathered during assessment

Which factor should the nurse take into account when administering medications to older adults on the unit?

As a result of age-related changes, older adults face an increased risk of adverse medication effects.

The health care provider orders NPH U100 insulin 16 units SC every AM for a client. The nurse prepares the insulin dose. To ensure safety, what does the nurse do?

Ask another nurse to double-check the measurement.

The emergency department nurse is admitting a young adult client who denies the use of prescription or over-the-counter medications, but who admits to using cocaine and ecstasy. How should the nurse best follow up this assessment finding?

Assess the frequency of use and document the findings.

A client has developed a tolerance to a drug. How should the nurse address this when providing care?

Assess whether the client needs larger doses to achieve the effect.

The client has a daily antihypertensive medication prescribed. Taking the blood pressure prior to administration of the medication is which step of the nursing process?

Assessing

What would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client who is to receive a drug that is associated with anticholinergic effects?

Be sure to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

A client was prescribed an oral antibiotic but was unable to tolerate the medication due to adverse effects. The client asks the nurse what to do with the remaining medication. What is the nurse's best recommendation?

Bring the medication to a pharmacy that accepts unused medications.

Off-label use refers to uses of a drug that are not part of the stated therapeutic indications for which the drug was approved by the FDA. When a nurse is using a medication for its off label use, the nurse should be very cognizant of certain factors in order to ensure patient safety. Select all that apply.

Clear about the intended use Why the drug is being given Its potential for problems

Which drug is formulated to be absorbed through the skin?

Clonidine Nitroglycerin Fentanyl

The nurse understands that an admission assessment is completed to accomplish what goal?

Collect data.

Which of the following statements about today's health care consumers would the nurse recognize as false?

Consumers are reluctant to use over-the-counter and alternative therapies.

A client with urinary urgency and frequency has been prescribed an anticholinergic medication. The nurse should educate the client about what potential adverse effects related to secondary actions

Decreased bowel motility

Which is an example of a black box warming by the Food and Drug Administration?

Difficulty breathing and maintaining an airway

The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multi-dose bottle. The label is torn and soiled but the name of the medication is still readable. What is the nurse's priority action?

Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.

A client develops a cytotoxic reaction to a drug. What would the nurse expect to do?

Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered.

The culture and sensitivity testing of a patient's wound exudate indicates that a specific antibiotic is necessary for treatment. The United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary indicates that the drug in question is 96% protein bound. What are the implications of this fact?

Dosages of the drug must be large in order to be effective.

A nurse is aware that older adults tend to have a significantly decreased rate of hepatic blood flow compared with younger adults. What effect is this likely to have on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in an older adult?

Drug clearance is likely to be slower.

An instructor is preparing a class that describes the toxic effects of drugs. Which effect would the instructor expect to include?

Drugs cause unexpected or unacceptable reactions despite screening and testing.

An instructor is preparing for a class focusing on drug evaluation. The instructor plans to explain why male volunteers are usually selected for drug testing during a phase I study. What would the instructor include as the major reason?

Drugs may harm a woman's ova, which cannot be replaced after birth.

What recommendation concerning bioterrorism by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) provides the public with the best protection?

Education of health care providers and the public concerning recognition and treatment of infections caused by biological weapons

It is often necessary for the health care provider to choose a drug therapy based on the costs of the drugs available. Which factors may be considered by a health care provider when prescribing a drug?

Elderly clients may have a fixed income, so choosing a generic over a brand name drug for them may be ideal. Teach clients not to cut drugs in half in order to save on costs.

A client comes to the clinic reporting tinnitus and difficulty hearing. What medication in the client's current regimen should the nurse suspect as causing the symptoms?

Erythromycin

Genetic engineering allows scientists to produce human insulin by altering which type of bacteria?

Escherichia coli

Effectiveness of medication therapy is associated with which phase of the nursing process?

Evaluation

The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a client with a history of renal disease. Why should the nurse anticipate administering a lower dose than for a client with healthy kidneys?

Excretion is likely to take place slowly.

A client asks a nurse about using the Internet to obtain drugs at a cheaper price. The nurse should recommend the client access what site for additional information regarding this practice?

Food and Drug Administration

Which agency evaluates drugs that have completed phase III?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

"Evaluation" of the client's response to drug therapy relates most closely to which phase of the nursing process?

Goal

What is a drawback to HMO insurance?

Health care providers in the organization are the only ones who can be consulted.

One of the phases of drug development is the post-marketing surveillance phase. Which activity is carried out during this phase?

Health care providers report adverse effects to FDA.

Which medication prescription by the health care provider will require the nurse to seek clarification?

Heparin 5,000 u SC every day

The nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit. This client took an overdose of acetaminophen 3 days previously and now has jaundice. Laboratory results show elevated liver enzymes. The nurse recognizes that the client may be experiencing what condition related to the overdose?

Hepatotoxicity

Which of the following is characteristic of a C-II drug?

High abuse potential

Which factors will decrease the rate of drug absorption?

Higher drug concentration in the circulatory system Drug given by a subcutaneous route versus an intramuscular route A disease that alters the stomach and small intestine lining

Assessment of a client receiving drug therapy reveals that the client has been experiencing gastrointestinal upset related to the drug. The client states, "My stomach has been so upset that all I've been able to eat is soup and dry crackers." Which nursing diagnosis would be most likely?

Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements

The nurse is teaching the client to self-administer insulin. This occurs during which phase of the nursing process?

Implementation

The nursing instructor is discussing drug therapy in the older adult. The instructor would tell the students that what could affect therapeutic dosing in an older adult?

In older adults, drugs have decreased GI absorption.

The nurse brings the client's afternoon medications and attempts to teach the client about them. The client states, "Just tell my wife about them, she will take care of me at home." What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?

Ineffective Self Health Management

A 79-year-old woman who takes several medications for a variety of chronic health problems has been prescribed an oral antiplatelet aggregator that is to be taken once daily. The nurse has encouraged the woman to take the pill at the same time of day that she takes some of her other medications. What is the most likely rationale for the nurse's advice?

Integrating the new drug into the client's existing schedule promotes adherence.

Access to information has become so broad over the last decade that consumers are often overwhelmed with details, facts, and choices that affect their health care. What factors have influenced how a client approaches the health care provider when it comes to prescriptions?

Internet alternative therapy media

Which route of administration is most likely to cause toxic effects?

Intravenous

A client with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder has begun lithium therapy. What is the primary rationale for the nurse's instructions regarding the need for regular monitoring of the client's serum drug levels?

It is necessary to ensure that the client's drug levels are therapeutic but not toxic.

A 68-year-old female who was diagnosed with hypertension 2 weeks ago and was prescribed a new hypertension medication. The client has returned to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse notes that the client's blood pressure is unchanged from her last clinic visit. When the client was asked if she was taking the new medication on a regular basis, she stated, "I thought that I was supposed to take the new drug when I had a pounding headache or was in a stressful situation, not all the time." The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client would be which?

Knowledge, Deficient, due to the lack of understanding of treatment regimen

What does the nurse need to do when there is any indication of an allergic reaction in clients?

Maintain the client's safety during drug therapy.

A client is admitted to the emergency department after having taken several barbiturates and drinking a pint of vodka. What is important for the nurse to continuously monitor for this client?

Monitor for respiratory depression.

A client is receiving an antineoplastic medication for treatment of breast cancer and begins having tonic-clonic seizure activity. What type of toxicity does the nurse recognize that this client is experiencing?

Neurotoxicity

An older adult client calls the health care provider's office and tells the nurse that prescriptions for three medications have run out and the pharmacy will not refill them this close together. A home health referral is made and the client is found to be taking the medication more often than prescribed. What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this client?

Nonadherence to therapeutic medication regimen

Which are frequently used nursing diagnoses related to the administration of a drug?

Noncompliance Anxiety Deficient knowledge Effective therapeutic regimen management Ineffective therapeutic regimen management

The nurse is transcribing physician orders for a client with pneumonia who has been admitted to the hospital. Why should the physician order the medications using the generic name instead of a brand name?

Numerous brand names may exist for the same drug, so the generic drug should be ordered.

What is a major disadvantage of using over-the-counter (OTC) medications?

OTC medications are not risk free.

A nurse is beginning to apply the nursing process during a new client interaction. What activity should the nurse perform?

Obtain a medication history.

Which of the client's medications should the nurse expect to be absorbed most slowly?

Oral acetaminophen, given for a fever

Which drug would be classified as a hallucinogen?

PCP

A 7-year-old child fell off a wood pile while playing and has been admitted to the ICU with multiple broken bones and internal bleeding. What factor related to drug therapy will be altered in this client?

Pharmacodynamics may be altered.

During which phase of study are human volunteers used to test drugs?

Phase I

Which factor accounts for the increased risk for drug reactions among clients aged 65 years and older?

Physiologic changes affecting all pharmacokinetic processes

A client began a new medication four days ago and presents with a temperature of 38.2° C (100.8 °F), dependent edema, and swollen cervical lymph nodes. The nurse has informed the client's provider, who has discontinued the medication. What subsequent intervention should the nurse prioritize?

Provide supportive care to manage fever and inflammation.

A nurse has committed a medication error. After ensuring the client's safety, the nurse should perform what action?

Report the event according to the health care facility's policies.

When assessing a client before starting a drug regimen, how should the nurse best assess the client's ability to excrete medications?

Review laboratory values indicative of kidney function

A client receiving drug therapy develops numbness and tingling in the extremities and muscle cramps. What assessment should the nurse perform?

Review the client's most recent potassium level.

Mental dysfunction in an older adult may seem like a normal part of aging, but it can result from disease or another cause. What should the ER staff do first for a presenting older adult with a mental dysfunction such as extreme confusion?

Review the drugs being taken.

A 70-year-old with a history of atrial fibrillation has been admitted with a lower gastrointestinal bleed. During the nurse's admission assessment, the nurse realizes that the client has been taking ginkgo biloba supplements in addition to prescribed warfarin, a combination that has resulted in bleeding. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse identify when planning this client's care?

Risk for Injury related to drug interactions of vitamins, herbs, or food intake with prescribed drug therapy

A client, admitted for the treatment of a fracture, has a history of heavy alcohol use. What event should suggest the implementation of pharmacologic treatment for alcohol withdrawal?

Signs/symptoms of withdrawal are noted.

A nursing student is learning about disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The student learns that these drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties as well as what?

Slow tissue damage.

With the increasing number of clients who go to their physician and request a drug they have seen advertised on television or in a magazine, a continuing challenge to health care providers to do what has emerged?

Stay knowledgeable about drug therapy.

A post-surgical client is being discharged home with a prescription for analgesics and antibiotics. During discharge education, what should the nurse do?

Teach the client about potential adverse effects. Teach the client the purpose of each medication. Assess the client's ability to pay for each medication. Assess the client's knowledge of the medications.

When providing drug therapy to a client, what is a responsibility of the nurse?

Teach the client how to cope with the effects of the drug to ensure the best outcome.

A client with lymphoma is scheduled to begin chemotherapy tomorrow. When providing health education for the client regarding the risk for stomatitis, what should the nurse teach the client?

Techniques for providing safe and effective mouth care

What is the primary purpose associated with the use of the nursing process related to the implementation of medication therapy?

That holistic, evidence-informed care is given

Which organization is responsible for the continuation of defining, explaining, classifying, and researching summary statements about health problems related to nursing?

The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NAND

A client is on antibiotic therapy for an axillary abscess. The client has been outside working in the yard and observes a rash everywhere that is not covered by clothing. What should the client be told about this finding?

The client is having photosensitivity and this can occur even with brief exposure to the sun or UV rays.

A newly admitting client has signs and symptoms of an infection and the nurse anticipates that the client will be prescribed antibiotics. What assessment should the nurse prioritize when determining the client's risk for an excessive drug response due to impaired excretion?

The client's blood urea nitrogen level and creatinine clearance rate

The nurse is admitting a new client whose health history includes chronic kidney disease. How should the nurse best interpret and document this assessment data on the nurses notes?

The client's drug excretion may be slower than normal.

A patient tells the clinic nurse that they have been taking OTC Pepcid to relieve acid indigestion for several years. This is the first time the patient has ever reported this problem to a health care provider. Why should the patient share their use of Pepcid with their health care provider?

The drug could mask symptoms of a serious problem that is undiagnosed.

Patients often do not mention the use of alternative therapies to health care providers. Which of the following is likely why they do not discuss alternative therapies?

The health care provider will not approve of mega-dose vitamins.

A drug was introduced to the market, where it was well received, and the nurse has learned that generic equivalents will soon be released. The nurse should understand what implication of this fact?

The manufacturer's patent on the drug has recently expired.

What is the effect of a significant first-pass effect on the metabolism of a medication?

The medication is biotransformed extensively in the client's liver.

Which statement is true about a nursing diagnosis?

The nursing diagnosis relates the client's status.

The nurse is working in a community outreach clinic. What should the nurse teach a client about over-the-counter medications?

The only risks of OTC medications are associated with overdoses and drug interactions.

The triage nurse in the emergency department treats a patient and suspects the patient is abusing amphetamines. While assessing this patient, what would the nurse be likely to find?

The patient has hypertension.

A nurse who provides care in a long-term care facility is documenting a new resident's medication regimen on the resident's intake admission. Why would the nurse document the generic, rather than proprietary or trade, names of the resident's current drugs?

There is a potential for confusion and miscommunication if proprietary names are used.

The nurse received an order for furosemide (Lasix). Why should the nurse write the generic name on the order sent to the pharmacy?

There is less chance of the wrong drug being given, because trade names can be similar.

What would be most appropriate to teach a client about over-the-counter drugs?

They are safe when you use them as directed.

An elderly client has been taking a new medication for 2 months. During a follow-up visit, the client's son tells the nurse that he feels his mother's memory is getting worse. What concerns should the nurse have at this time?

This may be coincidental, and the memory loss may be attributed to changes with aging.

An older adult client has an elevated serum creatinine level. This client is at greatest risk for which medication-related effect?

Toxicity

Off-label use refers to uses of a drug that are not part of the stated therapeutic indications for which the drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. With the liability issues surrounding many of these drugs, the nurse should be aware of certain factors in order to ensure patient safety. Select all that apply.

Why the patient is taking this drug For what purpose is the drug being given Which potential problems may arise after taking this drug

An experienced nurse has observed that female clients sometimes experience a drug's effects for a longer time than male clients of similar age and size. The nurse should attribute this to what factor?

Women have more fat cells so drugs depositing in fat will have a prolonged effect.

The nurse should consider teratogenic effects when caring for what clients?

a 29-year-old client receiving prenatal care in her first trimester of pregnancy a 37-year-old client who is taking fertility drugs

The nurse is caring for a client receiving an aminoglycoside (antibiotic) that can be nephrotoxic. Which will alert the nurse that the client may be experiencing nephrotoxicity?

a decrease in urine output

What represents a pharmacokinetic phase?

absorption distribution metabolism excretion

The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration?

adverse effects

The nurse is educating a client on over-the-counter (OTC) medications. What information is required to be placed on the label of the medication?

adverse reactions contraindications to the medication dosage of the medication

The nurse is called to a client's room 15 minutes after the client has received a new medication. The client reports pruritus as well as nausea. The nurse notes that the client appears pale, is sweating, and has begun to cough and wheeze. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing what type of reaction related to the new medication?

anaphylactic shock

Preoperative atropine belongs to what classification of drugs?

anticholinergic

The nurse is scheduled to administer a tablet of medication to a client and the medication is available as a unit dose. Where would the nurse remove the wrappings of the unit dose?

at the client's bedside.

A nurse is caring for a 77-year-old. The nurse would know that a normal physiologic change that must be considered when planning drug therapy, and is associated with aging is:

blood volume decreases.

What information does a drug label contain?

brand name of the drug generic name of the drug expiration date of the medication special drug warnings

What unique characteristic is present in lipid soluble drugs?

can cross the blood-brain barrier

What drug category indicates fetal risk where the risk outweighs any potential benefit?

category X

A client has been prescribed a diuretic and asked the health care provider to write a prescription for twice the daily dose so that the client could split each pill and reduce costs. The nurse should:

caution the client that this practice can lead to inconsistent doses.

A client is receiving a drug to lower blood glucose level. What would lead the nurse to suspect that the client's blood glucose level was too low?

cold, clammy skin

What are health consequences of using benzodiazepines?

confusion fatigue impaired memory

A client is four months' pregnant. She works in the chemical unit of a research department and is responsible for handling various chemicals. Her gynecologist advised her not to expose herself to chemical or industrial vapors and specific drugs. These restrictions are advised because exposure to industrial vapors could:

damage the immature nervous system of the fetus.

A 72-year-old man with pain issues is being given a drug by the intramuscular route. His serum blood level concentrations have been erratic. The nurse suspects that this may be due to

decreased blood flow to tissues and muscles.

What changes due to aging in the geriatric client may affect excretion and promote accumulation of drugs in the body?

decreased glomerular filtration rate.

A client reports that taking St. John's wort. When reviewing the client's medication history, what would be a cause of concern?

digoxin

An elderly client is being admitted to the hospital for surgery. The nurse is reconciling the client's medications. The client is prescribed digoxin 0.125 mg daily, furosemide 40 mg two times a day, Lanoxin 0.125 mg daily, metoprolol XL 25 mg once a day, and pravastatin (Pravachol) 40 mg at hours of sleep daily. The nurse recognizes a problem when the nurse notes:

digoxin and Lanoxin are the same medications.

A 75-year-old client with diabetes had an ankle wound that became infected. An intramuscular injection of a low concentration of ampicillin in saline solution was absorbed very quickly, and the infection was controlled. Which factor was most likely responsible for the quick absorption?

disease

A nurse has been assigned the task of preparing educational materials for clients with diabetes. The nurse has included the drug name, the reason the drug was prescribed, the intended effect of the drug, along with important adverse effects that should be reported to the nurse or the health care provider. Which information is essential to include in the educational materials?

drug administration method

The home care nurse is paying a scheduled visit to an older adult client who has a complex medication regimen. The nurse should prioritize what action related to the client's medications during this visit?

educating the client about the management of possible adverse effects

The client has been prescribed an oral medication. Prior to administration of this medication, what should the nurse do first?

evaluate the client's ability to swallow.

The mentoring nurse is orienting a new graduate RN to the geriatric floor. What assessment technique will the new graduate nurse perform to identify an age-related physiological change associated with medication metabolism?

external palpation of the liver

A client is taking low-dose aspirin daily for her heart. The client is not receiving all the dosage of the aspirin that is being ingested because of:

first-pass effect.

A nurse has been administering a drug to a client intramuscularly (IM). The health care provider discontinued the IM dose and wrote an order for the drug to be given orally. The nurse notices that the oral dosage is considerably higher than the parenteral dose and understands that this due to:

first-pass effect.

The nurse instructs the client that some drugs are no longer covered under patent and may be less expensive. What type of drug is the nurse describing?

generic

Because of the amount of care now being done in the home care setting, what is it imperative that the nurse teach clients?

generic names of medication OTC drugs that need to be avoided alleviation of adverse effects

A client who reports joint pain is being seen in the rheumatology clinic. The nurse understands that which element is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

gold

When researching information about a drug, the nurse finds that the drug tightly binds to protein. The nurse would interpret this to mean that the drug will:

have a long duration of action.

Famotidine is an over-the-counter drug approved to treat:

heartburn.

A nurse is working in the emergency department and is assigned to a client brought in by family members. The family thinks that the client is on methamphetamine. The nurse should assess for:

hypertension.

To correctly administer a medication, when should the nurse compare the medication with the medication administration record (MAR)?

immediately prior to medication administration when removing the medication from the medication cart when initially looking at the medication label

Before teaching a client about diagnosis and therapy, what information is essential for the nurse to evaluate in the client?

level of education

A nurse is instructing a client concerning a newly prescribed drug. What should be included to help improve client compliance and safety?

measures to alleviate any discomfort associated with adverse effects

The client is experiencing an adverse effect of a medication. What should the priority nurse action be?

monitor and intervene.

The nurse is administering a drug that is known to be absorbed by passive diffusion. The nurse should plan care in the knowledge that this drug will:

move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Heroin is classified as which type of street drug?

opioid

Which drug type has been discovered but not manufactured by any drug company?

orphan

A client with a rare genetic disorder is prescribed a medication specific to this disorder. What is the name given to drugs manufactured by companies that receive tax benefits to invest in these drugs?

orphan drugs

A client comes to the clinic reporting of a ringing sound in the ears and dizziness. When the nurse takes the client's history, the nurse discovers that the client has been taking several ibuprofen every day for various discomforts. What does the nurse understand has occurred with this client?

ototoxicity from the ibuprofen

A nurse is reading an article that describes predictable differences in the effects of drugs in people of particular culture backgrounds due to their genetic makeup. The nurse is reading about:

pharmacogenomics.

A drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. What study phase would occur next?

phase IV study

Which phase of drug development is associated with continual evaluation of the drug?

phase IV study

Plants and plant parts have been used as medicines since prehistoric times. Morphine (Roxanol) is derived from which plant?

poppy

The nurse administers a loop diuretic to the client. In addition to sodium and water, what other electrolyte would the nurse expect to be excreted in significant amounts?

potassium

The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension who was prescribed a loop diuretic one week ago. The client reports malaise and weakness and the nurse's assessment reveals an irregular heart rate. The nurse should prioritize assessment of the client's:

potassium levels.

A client will soon be discharged home from the hospital after a successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). During client education about drug regimen, the nurse should prioritize teaching about:

potential adverse effects of the drugs that the client will be taking.

A client has been diagnosed with cardiovascular disorder. The client is age 68; suffers from intermittent joint pain and is under drug therapy; eats meat, salads, and fruits; prefers alternative herb medications along with drug therapy; sometimes smokes; he lives alone and is looked after by a caregiver. Which item of information has the greatest implication for planning his drug therapy?

prefers alternative herb medications

The pharmacology instructor explains to the students that adverse effects can be extensions of:

primary action of a drug.

The nurse has begun the intravenous infusion of the first dose of a client's prescribed antibiotic. A few minutes later, the client is diaphoretic, gasping for breath and has a heart rate of 145 beats per minute. After calling for help, what is the nurse's priority action?

protecting and maintaining the patency of the client's airway

When determining the half-life of a drug, what must be taken into account?

rate of absorption distribution to the tissues excretion rate

The nurse knows that when caring for the older adult, there are several normal aging processes that put the client at risk for toxicity. What factor puts such clients at increased risk for drug toxicity?

reduced efficiency of renal function

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a client receiving drug therapy. What would the nurse suspect if the results reveal an elevation in the blood urea nitrogen level and creatinine concentration?

renal injury

A nurse is administering a large number of medications to a diverse group of clients. What types of drugs will be excluded from these medications?

schedule I

When instructing a client who is taking an antibiotic about the possibility of nausea and diarrhea, the nurse understands that these effects are examples of:

secondary actions.

Penicillin causes bacterial cell death without disrupting normal human cell functioning. This is an example of:

selective toxicity.

The nurse is admitting a client who has been on a three-day binge of methamphetamine. The nurse should anticipate what sign or symptom?

tachycardia

The nurse at a campus medical clinic is administering a new medication to a 22-year-old female client. The nurse should educate the client about what potential risk of drug therapy?

teratogenicity

How is pharmacodynamics best defined?

the action that the drug has on body cells

An older adult client has been prescribed medication to treat a recurring bladder infection. Considering the client's age and the risk that poses to the medication's pharmacodynamics, what information will the nurse prioritize when providing medication education?

the adverse reactions generally associated with the medication

A client has been receiving regular doses of an agonist for 2 weeks. What finding should the nurse anticipate?

the drug will decrease in effectiveness

A nurse is teaching a client about the pharmacotherapeutics of the hormone replacement therapy that the client has been prescribed. What topic should the nurse address?

the effect of the drug on the client's body

The nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting adverse medication effects. The nurse should recognize that adverse effects can be extensions of:

the primary action of a drug.

What would lead the nurse to suspect that a client has developed a blood dyscrasia related to drug therapy?

thrombocytopenia anemia sore throat

After teaching a group of students about the sources of drugs, the instructor determines that the students need additional teaching when they identify what as an example of a drug from a plant source?

thyroid hormone

A nurse is assessing a client for possible factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug. A history of what disease would lead the nurse to suspect that the client may experience an alteration in the distribution of a drug?

vascular disease