PHI 240

The author agrees with Peter Geach that we should not call terrorists "courageous".

false

Always treat humanity as an end and never as a mere means was

the second version of the categorical imperative

Which of the following is not a component of utilitarianism?

universal law

Which of the following was not cited as an example of how cultural values can impose grave injustices?

17 year old Fauziya Kassindja fleeing her country of Togo to escape excision

A theory of virtue should have all but which of the following

A list of appropriate punishments for being non-virtuous

Suppose that a dangerous defendant who will otherwise be acquitted can be convicted through the giving of false testimony. In the following dialogues, which statement is inconsistent with utilitarianism?

Eric; "Giving false testimony is unjust and, therefore, immoral."

Which of the following statements is the strongest evidence that the person saying it is a utilitarian?

Ginny: "Well, I wouldn't say 'always'. It's o.k, to violate rights whenever the good you can produce by doing so outweighs the harm you do by violating the person's rights."

Ethical Egoisism argues that altruism is self-defeating because

If we set out to be our "brother's keeper" we might bungle it and make matters worse, It is an offensive intrusion into other people's privacym, Making someone the object of one's 'Charity" is degrading them

Which of the following statements is true?

Kant assumes that we would be morally responsible for the bad consequences of telling a lie

Rachels claims that the Eskimos' different attitudes toward infanticide are based on:

NOT both of the above (different values than ours and different circumstances than ours)

Which of the following would be considered a categorical imperative?

NOT helping others because you want to make their lives better or Helping others because God commands us to help the weak and poor

The most important factor for a cultural relativist in making a moral decision is

NOT rational analysis

The branch of philosophy that attempts to distinguish ethical discourse from other types of discourse is

NOT semantics

Which of the following was not used as an argument against Psychological Egoism?

NOT there are things we do, not because we want to, but because we feel we ought to

Emotivism views moral language as

None of the above (fact stating, conveying information, making reports)

That a wife cannot be compelled to testify in court against her husband, and vice versa has its origins in

Plato's euthyphro

The conflict between Harry Truman and Elizabeth Anscombe rasies the question whether

There are some things that may never be done, no matter what

Which of the following statements is true regarding hypothetical imperatives?

They are based on desires, We can escape them, and They are easily understood

A Muslim woman who refuses to remove her veil to have her driver's license photograph taken is most likely not

a relativist

The discussion of homosexuality considered

all of the above (the bible, the various meanings of the term unnatural, and family values)

For Kant, universalizability means all but

applies to animals as well as humans

Rachels argues that differences in custom:

are sometimes but not always based on differences in values

Which of the following was not one of the utilitarian "philosophical radicals"?

ayn rand

Commonsense morality might tell us to

balance our own interests against the interests of others

Why, according to utilitarianism, does animals' well-being matter, morally?

because animals can feel pain

The Prima Facie Duty to a duty to do good to others: to foster their health, security, wisdom, moral goodness, or happiness is the duty of

beneficience

In the argument over homosexuality between Michelle Bachman and Matt Foreman, Simple Subjectivism would claim

both are right, they are reporting a fact about themselves

Aristotle's ethical emphasis was on

character

The example used to show that if we took cultural relativism seriously we could no longer say that the customs of other societies were morally

chinese suppression of political dissent

According to Charles Stevenson, moral disagreements are

disagreements in attititudes

Each person ought to do whatever will best promote their own interests is the view of

ethical egoism

According to Rachels we cannot be mistaken in ethics.

false

After signing the order to drop the atomic bombs on Japan, Harry Truman had a fitfull night and could not sleep because of his concern for the lives of innocent people

false

An ethical egoist would be more likely to stay in college for their senior years to help the team win the conference championship that a utilitarian.

false

Appreciating the higher pleasures is essentially the same a enjoying those pleasures.

false

As a cultural relativist, you could claim that women and minorities are better off today than they were 50 years ago.

false

Ayn Rand would favor Obama's plan to redistribute wealth though taxation

false

Categorical imperatives can be avoided by changing one's desires and wants

false

Emotivism assumes that moral judgments are statements about attitudes

false

Emotivism interprets moral judgments as statements that can be true or false

false

Ethical egoists and utilitarians both share a concern for the happiness of others.

false

For Simple Subjectivism moral utterances are commands (which aren't T or F).

false

John Stuart Mill argued that by introducing higher and lower pleasures and arguing that some people have higher sensibilities than others provides a justification for the aristocracy and undermines egalitarianism.

false

Kant's did not think that consistency implied absolute (exceptionless) moral rules.

false

Killing a person is a sufficent condition for being a murderer.

false

Saint Thomas Aquinas concern for the welfare of animals lead him to argue it was wrong to be cruel to animals.

false

Simple Subjectivism interprets moral statements such as "X is Wrong" as factual statements that must appeal to empirical evidence to determine if the statement is true of false.

false

The author concludes that virtue theory is a complete theory and not just a part of some overall theory of ethics.

false

The author does not believe that certain virtues will be needed by all people at all times.

false

The author models the virtue of generosity on the teachings of Jesus

false

The criticism of both Simple Subjectivism and Emotivism is that they itentail infallibility and makes disagreement impossible

false

The principle of utility pay attention to special duties and responsibilities we might have. For example, our duty to our family.

false

Utilitarians agree that that the occasional use of pot or even heavy use is a matter of personal preference and not really a moral issue.

false

Utilitarians are committed to vegetarianism because preventing pain is one of their principles.

false

We, as a people, regard our luxuries as more important than the plight of starving people

false

Whether someone deserves your trust should not be a factor in determining whether you would be justified in lying or deceiving them.

false

hypothetical imperatives are based on reason

false

Which of the virtues cited by the author is desirable because some people will inevitably be worse off than others?

generosity

The Prima Facie Duty to be grateful for benefactions done to oneself and if possible to show it by benefactions in return is the duty of

gratitiude

Women at one time could not

hold public office, own property, or vote

Which of the virtues cited by the author is needed because without it relations between people would go wrong in a myriad of ways?

honesty

Kant would argue that you should not tell a lie because

if everyone lied, no one would believe anyone

Which of the following statements regard Ayn Rand's philosophy is not correct?

if you want to help the poor, you should be stopped

The new version of utilitarianism

individual actions are no longer to be judged by the ptinciple of utility

Which statement best describes the position of the author, Rachels, regarding Cultural Relativism?

is an antidote for dogmatism, reminds us that our feelings are not necessarily perceptions of the truth, and is based on the insight that many of the practices and attitudes we find natural are really only cultural products

According to Rachels, the prohibition on murder:

it is a necessary feature to all societies

The utilitarian approach would not agree with which of the following statements?

it's the motive that counts

Which type of problem with the consequentialism component of utilitarianism appeals to the example of preventing a race riot?

justice

Our duty is to follow rules that we could consistently will to be universal laws is the view of

kant's theory

Which of the follow was not one of the Sven Dimension of Pleasure

legality

The philosophical view that moral statements such as "Abortion is wrong" are not factual statements but merely verbal ways of expressing one's own feelings of disapproval and attempting to influence others is

logical positivism

To make the claim that euthanasia is wrong is merely to express one's disapproval of euthanasia and does not refer to anything objective is the view of

logical positivism

Bentham's new conception of morality argued that morality is about

making the world as happy as possible

Which of the following was not used to illustrate Kant's categorical imperative?

mercy killing

Which of the following statements is not true regarding Kant's ethical approach?

moral obligations depend on having particular desires

Kant believed

moral rules are absolute without exception

In addition to the consequences of an action, which of the following does Rachels not cite as being morally relevant?

motives

Which of the following is/are a sufficient condition(s) for a peanut and jelly sandwich?

peanut butter, jelly, and bread

To illustrate that the Cultural Differences Argument tries to derive a substantive conclusion about a subject from the mere fact that people disagree, the author used the example of

people who believe the earth is flat

The only thing that is good in itself for the utilitarian approach is

pleasure

Which of the following would not be considered a lower pleasure?

pleasure in reading a great novel

The metaphor of God constructing and winding up a clock (the universe) and letting it run until the end of time is the implication of

predeterminism

The Prima Facie Duty to to make up for the injuries one has done to others is the duty of

reparation

The example of sharing indecent photographs was used to argue for the importance of

rights

In the evolution of Ethical Subjectivism, Emotivism was the

second stage

Simple Subjectivism's response to Michelle Bachman claim that "If you are involved in the gay and lesbian lfestyle you are in bondage" would be to argue

she is just expressing her feelings and nothing more

The right thing to do is to follow the rules that rational, self-interested people would agree to follow for their mutual benefit is the view of

social contract theory

The philosophical view that all physical events are caused, but mental processes are uncaused is

soft determinism

Pro-choice advocates on the abortion issue are most likely

subjectivists

The author used the example of arguing "the earth is flat" to discredit

the cultural differences argument

Which of the following statements represents the view of Emotivism?

the point of moral utterances are to influence people's behaviors or attitudes

Aristotle argues that virtues are important because

the virtuous person will be better off in life

According to the Principle of Utility, actions are always judged by

their usefulness in increasing pleasure

Which of the following is a synthetic statement?

there are more female than male students at SCC

according to cultural relativism

there is no independent standard against which to judge the moral code of a society

Which of the following as not one of the reasons cited for people being reluctant to criticize other cultures?

they are afraid they will invite criticism of our own culture

The four examples of virtues discussed by the author did not include

tolerance

Which of the following would not be a characteristic of the Ethics of Care?

transformative

A Cultural Relativist could never claim we have made progress in race relations.

true

According to Kant hypothetical imperatives tell us what to do provided that we have the relevant desires.

true

According to Rachels, moral truths are objective in the sense that they are independent of what we want to think.

true

According to Simple Subjectivism when you say some act is wrong, it turns out that you are talking about yourself and your attitudes and not about the act.

true

According to Simple Subjectivism, moral language states facts about a speaker's attitudes and feelings

true

According to polls, the number of people calling gay relations morally wrong declined.

true

An athletic coach would prefer to recruit a untiltarian over an ethical egoist.

true

Bentham and the classical utilitarians thought their view could be reconciled with Christian tradition.

true

Commonsense morality argues that if you have an extra ten dollars, you should make a donation that will help the needy

true

Cultural relativism is not compatible with the sending of missionaries to other countries.

true

If the Iraqis decide they do not want US style democracy, capitalism, or women's rights, an American cultural relativist would have no grounds for criticism.

true

Immanuel Kant believed that moral rules are absolute

true

It is logically possible to enjoy but not appreciate work of art.

true

It is possible to have sufficient conditions without any necessary conditions.

true

Most people who have developed their higher faculties show a clear preference for the pleasures of the mind over those of the body.

true

Peter Geach believes it is morally permissible to tell a deceptive truth.

true

Psychological Egoism is a claim about human nature, not morality.

true

Rachels believes that an honest person is sometimes justified in lying or deceiving

true

Recently a number of philosophers such as Elizabeth Anscombe have urged a return to the Greek approach to ethics.

true

Simple Subjectivism views moral language as stating facts about a speaker's attitude

true

The Greek philosophers believed that the virtuous life was inseparable from the life of reason

true

The argument that the best way to promote everyone's interests is for each of us to adopt the policy of pursuing our own interests exclusively is an altruistic, not egoistic argument

true

The moral teachings of mainstream Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are incompatible with cultural relativism.

true

The strategy of reinterpreting motives was illustrated by the Abraham Lincoln story

true

The two problems for Simple Subjectivism were that it entails infallibility and makes disagreement impossible.

true

Utilitarianism challenges the assumption that human beings alone are worthy of moral consideration.

true

What would produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people might be in conflict with the rights of a minority.

true

Which of the following was not one of the theological virtues discussed by medieval philosophers?

truthfulness

According to the authors of the text, moral facts are

truths of reason

Rachels' "backward-looking reasons" criticism of the utilitarian focus on consequences has vast implications for its

undermining the validity of promises

the alternative formulation of the categorical imperative states that we should never

use others as merely a means to an end

We ought to do whatever will promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number is the view of

utilitarianism

The argument that anti-utilitarian arguments make unrealistic assumptions about how the world works was aimed which criticism?

utilitarianism disrupts our personal relationships

Modern moral phiosophers ask the question

what is the right thing to do?

Utilitarianism says that, in any circumstance, the right thing to do is

whatever will make every affected person as happy as possible

The expression that most closely represents the view of cultural relativism is

when in rome do as the romans do

A utilitarian would

would, in certain circumstances, sacrifice their life for others