PHI 240
The author agrees with Peter Geach that we should not call terrorists "courageous".
false
Always treat humanity as an end and never as a mere means was
the second version of the categorical imperative
Which of the following is not a component of utilitarianism?
universal law
Which of the following was not cited as an example of how cultural values can impose grave injustices?
17 year old Fauziya Kassindja fleeing her country of Togo to escape excision
A theory of virtue should have all but which of the following
A list of appropriate punishments for being non-virtuous
Suppose that a dangerous defendant who will otherwise be acquitted can be convicted through the giving of false testimony. In the following dialogues, which statement is inconsistent with utilitarianism?
Eric; "Giving false testimony is unjust and, therefore, immoral."
Which of the following statements is the strongest evidence that the person saying it is a utilitarian?
Ginny: "Well, I wouldn't say 'always'. It's o.k, to violate rights whenever the good you can produce by doing so outweighs the harm you do by violating the person's rights."
Ethical Egoisism argues that altruism is self-defeating because
If we set out to be our "brother's keeper" we might bungle it and make matters worse, It is an offensive intrusion into other people's privacym, Making someone the object of one's 'Charity" is degrading them
Which of the following statements is true?
Kant assumes that we would be morally responsible for the bad consequences of telling a lie
Rachels claims that the Eskimos' different attitudes toward infanticide are based on:
NOT both of the above (different values than ours and different circumstances than ours)
Which of the following would be considered a categorical imperative?
NOT helping others because you want to make their lives better or Helping others because God commands us to help the weak and poor
The most important factor for a cultural relativist in making a moral decision is
NOT rational analysis
The branch of philosophy that attempts to distinguish ethical discourse from other types of discourse is
NOT semantics
Which of the following was not used as an argument against Psychological Egoism?
NOT there are things we do, not because we want to, but because we feel we ought to
Emotivism views moral language as
None of the above (fact stating, conveying information, making reports)
That a wife cannot be compelled to testify in court against her husband, and vice versa has its origins in
Plato's euthyphro
The conflict between Harry Truman and Elizabeth Anscombe rasies the question whether
There are some things that may never be done, no matter what
Which of the following statements is true regarding hypothetical imperatives?
They are based on desires, We can escape them, and They are easily understood
A Muslim woman who refuses to remove her veil to have her driver's license photograph taken is most likely not
a relativist
The discussion of homosexuality considered
all of the above (the bible, the various meanings of the term unnatural, and family values)
For Kant, universalizability means all but
applies to animals as well as humans
Rachels argues that differences in custom:
are sometimes but not always based on differences in values
Which of the following was not one of the utilitarian "philosophical radicals"?
ayn rand
Commonsense morality might tell us to
balance our own interests against the interests of others
Why, according to utilitarianism, does animals' well-being matter, morally?
because animals can feel pain
The Prima Facie Duty to a duty to do good to others: to foster their health, security, wisdom, moral goodness, or happiness is the duty of
beneficience
In the argument over homosexuality between Michelle Bachman and Matt Foreman, Simple Subjectivism would claim
both are right, they are reporting a fact about themselves
Aristotle's ethical emphasis was on
character
The example used to show that if we took cultural relativism seriously we could no longer say that the customs of other societies were morally
chinese suppression of political dissent
According to Charles Stevenson, moral disagreements are
disagreements in attititudes
Each person ought to do whatever will best promote their own interests is the view of
ethical egoism
According to Rachels we cannot be mistaken in ethics.
false
After signing the order to drop the atomic bombs on Japan, Harry Truman had a fitfull night and could not sleep because of his concern for the lives of innocent people
false
An ethical egoist would be more likely to stay in college for their senior years to help the team win the conference championship that a utilitarian.
false
Appreciating the higher pleasures is essentially the same a enjoying those pleasures.
false
As a cultural relativist, you could claim that women and minorities are better off today than they were 50 years ago.
false
Ayn Rand would favor Obama's plan to redistribute wealth though taxation
false
Categorical imperatives can be avoided by changing one's desires and wants
false
Emotivism assumes that moral judgments are statements about attitudes
false
Emotivism interprets moral judgments as statements that can be true or false
false
Ethical egoists and utilitarians both share a concern for the happiness of others.
false
For Simple Subjectivism moral utterances are commands (which aren't T or F).
false
John Stuart Mill argued that by introducing higher and lower pleasures and arguing that some people have higher sensibilities than others provides a justification for the aristocracy and undermines egalitarianism.
false
Kant's did not think that consistency implied absolute (exceptionless) moral rules.
false
Killing a person is a sufficent condition for being a murderer.
false
Saint Thomas Aquinas concern for the welfare of animals lead him to argue it was wrong to be cruel to animals.
false
Simple Subjectivism interprets moral statements such as "X is Wrong" as factual statements that must appeal to empirical evidence to determine if the statement is true of false.
false
The author concludes that virtue theory is a complete theory and not just a part of some overall theory of ethics.
false
The author does not believe that certain virtues will be needed by all people at all times.
false
The author models the virtue of generosity on the teachings of Jesus
false
The criticism of both Simple Subjectivism and Emotivism is that they itentail infallibility and makes disagreement impossible
false
The principle of utility pay attention to special duties and responsibilities we might have. For example, our duty to our family.
false
Utilitarians agree that that the occasional use of pot or even heavy use is a matter of personal preference and not really a moral issue.
false
Utilitarians are committed to vegetarianism because preventing pain is one of their principles.
false
We, as a people, regard our luxuries as more important than the plight of starving people
false
Whether someone deserves your trust should not be a factor in determining whether you would be justified in lying or deceiving them.
false
hypothetical imperatives are based on reason
false
Which of the virtues cited by the author is desirable because some people will inevitably be worse off than others?
generosity
The Prima Facie Duty to be grateful for benefactions done to oneself and if possible to show it by benefactions in return is the duty of
gratitiude
Women at one time could not
hold public office, own property, or vote
Which of the virtues cited by the author is needed because without it relations between people would go wrong in a myriad of ways?
honesty
Kant would argue that you should not tell a lie because
if everyone lied, no one would believe anyone
Which of the following statements regard Ayn Rand's philosophy is not correct?
if you want to help the poor, you should be stopped
The new version of utilitarianism
individual actions are no longer to be judged by the ptinciple of utility
Which statement best describes the position of the author, Rachels, regarding Cultural Relativism?
is an antidote for dogmatism, reminds us that our feelings are not necessarily perceptions of the truth, and is based on the insight that many of the practices and attitudes we find natural are really only cultural products
According to Rachels, the prohibition on murder:
it is a necessary feature to all societies
The utilitarian approach would not agree with which of the following statements?
it's the motive that counts
Which type of problem with the consequentialism component of utilitarianism appeals to the example of preventing a race riot?
justice
Our duty is to follow rules that we could consistently will to be universal laws is the view of
kant's theory
Which of the follow was not one of the Sven Dimension of Pleasure
legality
The philosophical view that moral statements such as "Abortion is wrong" are not factual statements but merely verbal ways of expressing one's own feelings of disapproval and attempting to influence others is
logical positivism
To make the claim that euthanasia is wrong is merely to express one's disapproval of euthanasia and does not refer to anything objective is the view of
logical positivism
Bentham's new conception of morality argued that morality is about
making the world as happy as possible
Which of the following was not used to illustrate Kant's categorical imperative?
mercy killing
Which of the following statements is not true regarding Kant's ethical approach?
moral obligations depend on having particular desires
Kant believed
moral rules are absolute without exception
In addition to the consequences of an action, which of the following does Rachels not cite as being morally relevant?
motives
Which of the following is/are a sufficient condition(s) for a peanut and jelly sandwich?
peanut butter, jelly, and bread
To illustrate that the Cultural Differences Argument tries to derive a substantive conclusion about a subject from the mere fact that people disagree, the author used the example of
people who believe the earth is flat
The only thing that is good in itself for the utilitarian approach is
pleasure
Which of the following would not be considered a lower pleasure?
pleasure in reading a great novel
The metaphor of God constructing and winding up a clock (the universe) and letting it run until the end of time is the implication of
predeterminism
The Prima Facie Duty to to make up for the injuries one has done to others is the duty of
reparation
The example of sharing indecent photographs was used to argue for the importance of
rights
In the evolution of Ethical Subjectivism, Emotivism was the
second stage
Simple Subjectivism's response to Michelle Bachman claim that "If you are involved in the gay and lesbian lfestyle you are in bondage" would be to argue
she is just expressing her feelings and nothing more
The right thing to do is to follow the rules that rational, self-interested people would agree to follow for their mutual benefit is the view of
social contract theory
The philosophical view that all physical events are caused, but mental processes are uncaused is
soft determinism
Pro-choice advocates on the abortion issue are most likely
subjectivists
The author used the example of arguing "the earth is flat" to discredit
the cultural differences argument
Which of the following statements represents the view of Emotivism?
the point of moral utterances are to influence people's behaviors or attitudes
Aristotle argues that virtues are important because
the virtuous person will be better off in life
According to the Principle of Utility, actions are always judged by
their usefulness in increasing pleasure
Which of the following is a synthetic statement?
there are more female than male students at SCC
according to cultural relativism
there is no independent standard against which to judge the moral code of a society
Which of the following as not one of the reasons cited for people being reluctant to criticize other cultures?
they are afraid they will invite criticism of our own culture
The four examples of virtues discussed by the author did not include
tolerance
Which of the following would not be a characteristic of the Ethics of Care?
transformative
A Cultural Relativist could never claim we have made progress in race relations.
true
According to Kant hypothetical imperatives tell us what to do provided that we have the relevant desires.
true
According to Rachels, moral truths are objective in the sense that they are independent of what we want to think.
true
According to Simple Subjectivism when you say some act is wrong, it turns out that you are talking about yourself and your attitudes and not about the act.
true
According to Simple Subjectivism, moral language states facts about a speaker's attitudes and feelings
true
According to polls, the number of people calling gay relations morally wrong declined.
true
An athletic coach would prefer to recruit a untiltarian over an ethical egoist.
true
Bentham and the classical utilitarians thought their view could be reconciled with Christian tradition.
true
Commonsense morality argues that if you have an extra ten dollars, you should make a donation that will help the needy
true
Cultural relativism is not compatible with the sending of missionaries to other countries.
true
If the Iraqis decide they do not want US style democracy, capitalism, or women's rights, an American cultural relativist would have no grounds for criticism.
true
Immanuel Kant believed that moral rules are absolute
true
It is logically possible to enjoy but not appreciate work of art.
true
It is possible to have sufficient conditions without any necessary conditions.
true
Most people who have developed their higher faculties show a clear preference for the pleasures of the mind over those of the body.
true
Peter Geach believes it is morally permissible to tell a deceptive truth.
true
Psychological Egoism is a claim about human nature, not morality.
true
Rachels believes that an honest person is sometimes justified in lying or deceiving
true
Recently a number of philosophers such as Elizabeth Anscombe have urged a return to the Greek approach to ethics.
true
Simple Subjectivism views moral language as stating facts about a speaker's attitude
true
The Greek philosophers believed that the virtuous life was inseparable from the life of reason
true
The argument that the best way to promote everyone's interests is for each of us to adopt the policy of pursuing our own interests exclusively is an altruistic, not egoistic argument
true
The moral teachings of mainstream Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are incompatible with cultural relativism.
true
The strategy of reinterpreting motives was illustrated by the Abraham Lincoln story
true
The two problems for Simple Subjectivism were that it entails infallibility and makes disagreement impossible.
true
Utilitarianism challenges the assumption that human beings alone are worthy of moral consideration.
true
What would produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people might be in conflict with the rights of a minority.
true
Which of the following was not one of the theological virtues discussed by medieval philosophers?
truthfulness
According to the authors of the text, moral facts are
truths of reason
Rachels' "backward-looking reasons" criticism of the utilitarian focus on consequences has vast implications for its
undermining the validity of promises
the alternative formulation of the categorical imperative states that we should never
use others as merely a means to an end
We ought to do whatever will promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number is the view of
utilitarianism
The argument that anti-utilitarian arguments make unrealistic assumptions about how the world works was aimed which criticism?
utilitarianism disrupts our personal relationships
Modern moral phiosophers ask the question
what is the right thing to do?
Utilitarianism says that, in any circumstance, the right thing to do is
whatever will make every affected person as happy as possible
The expression that most closely represents the view of cultural relativism is
when in rome do as the romans do
A utilitarian would
would, in certain circumstances, sacrifice their life for others
