Philosophy study

A complete account of all the facts about a given act should yield a judgment as to whether it is good or bad, according to Hume

False

After rejecting Plato's theory of the forms, Aristotle concluded that genuine knowledge of the world cannot be attained. He thus became a skeptic.

False

Aquinas' natural law theory says that right and wrong are determined by paying careful attention to what is described as natural in the Scriptures

False

Augustine claims that God exists in time, rather than outside of time.

False

Before he became a Christian, Augustine was an adherent of the Jewish religion.

False

Descartes believes that we can have knowledge of things that we aren't certain about.

False

Plato thinks democracy is the best form of government.

False

Socrates argues, in the Crito, that it is morally permissible for him to break the laws of Athens when they are unjust.

False

Socrates claims, in the Crito, that it is very important to ensure that the opinion of the majority in is your favor.

False

The one thing that is good without qualification, according to Kant, is freedom.

False

Warmth, pain, and green are examples of primary qualities.

False

What we know a priori is dependent upon sense experience.

False

Which of Aristotle's four causes explains what an entity is for (i.e. its purpose)?

Final Cause

In the Apology, Socrates is charged with the crimes of _______________ and _________________.

Corrupting the youth & Cereating new gods/ failing to worship the gods of Athens

According to Hume, perceptions can be divided into two classes: ____________ and _____________.

Impressions & Ideas

Socrates claims that the really important thing is not to live, but to __________________

Live Well

Among the rules of Descartes' method is the following:

Make comprehensive reviews.

In addition to his philosophical writings, Rene Descartes is famous for making discoveries in _______________ and ______________.

Mathematics & Physics

Thales, the individual who is traditionally identified as the first of the Greek philosophers, claimed that air is the fundamental substance out of which all other entities are composed.

Flase

The central moral principle that Socrates puts forward in the Crito is:

One must never do wrong.

According to the testimony of Alcibiades, _______________________________.

Socrates once stood outside all day and all night thinking.

According to Aristotle, all substances are composed of two elements: ____________ and ____________ .

Form & Matter

What is the "state of nature"?

A situation in which humans are not subject to any laws or government authority

"Every mother has a child" is an example of what Kant calls a(n) ____________________ judgment

Analytic A Priori

According to Plato, the Forms are entities that exist outside of space and time.

True

According to Thomas Aquinas, we are not in the right epistemological position to use Anselm's argument.

True

Aristotle believes that the very best human life is one that is devoted to nous, i.e. contemplation.

True

_________________________ is the view that material bodies are made up of smaller entities that obey the laws of motion.

Corpuscularism

Socrates believes that no one knowingly _________________.

does wrong

Socrates charged people money to listen to his teachings

false

Sin, according to Augustine, is ________________________

having disordered desires and loves

Categories, according to Aristotle, are __________________________________

indicators of the different ways things can be

For a Stoic, the intention with which an action is done is more important than the result of that action because:

intentions are in our power, but results are not

The Great Chain of Being:

locates all humans on the same level.

Socrates encounters Euthyphro at the courthouse, where Euthyphro intends to prosecute his father for the crime of ___________________.

murder

Epicurus believes we should restrict our desires to those that are _________________________.

necessary for life necessary for happiness necessary for ease *all of the above

Indulgences were:

sold to ensure salvation or a reduction of time spent in purgatory.

In Meditation Two, Descartes claims that there is one thing he he truly cannot doubt; namely, _______________.

that he exists

Hobbes says that it is a law of nature to "seek peace" because __________________________.

that is the best way to satisfy our individual desires

Our idea of substance, Locke says, is:

the idea of an unknown substratum that has the qualities we experience.

In the Myth of the Cave, ___________________________________.

the prisoners represent all of us before we begin to search for wisdom.

We do not need to fear the gods, Epicurus says, because ___________________________.

they are uninterested in us

With respect to primary qualities, Berkeley holds that

they, like secondary qualities, have their being only in the mind

Hesiod claimed to write his poems:

through divine inspiration.

Pythagoras was the first of the early Greek thinkers to identify himself as a "lover of wisdom," i.e., a philosopher.

true

Aquinas holds that reason and revelation are ____________________.

two compatible sources of truth

The One of Parmenides is:

unchanging, all alike, and eternal.

The main thing Socrates wants Euthyphro to teach him is _____________________________.

what makes something pious.

According to Descartes' representational theory of perception ____________________________.

what we know best are the ideas in our minds

Locke uses the term "idea" to refer to ____________________.

whatever is the object of the understanding when we think

In the Phaedo, Socrates claims that the body desires pleasures of the flesh while the soul desires ____________

wisdom

Hedonism is compatible with denying oneself many pleasures

True

Hume thinks that "causation" is nothing more than "constant conjunction."

True

In Meditation Three, Descartes argues that we can trust our clear and distinct ideas because God wouldn't allow us to be systematically deceived about our basic principles.

True

In the new science, final causes are banished in favor of mathematical formulas describing how things occur.

True

Kant's central epistemological thesis is that the objects of experience conform to our knowledge, rather than vice versa.

True

Socrates argues, before the jury in the Apology, that, in view of his conviction, he ought to be sentenced to receive free meals in the Prytaneum

True

Socrates claims, in the Apology, that if his fellow citizens convict and sentence him unjustly, they will harm themselves more than than they will harm him.

True

Stoic equanimity is a state of being undisturbed, no matter what happens.

True

The Sophists were often charged with "making the weaker argument appear to be the stronger one."

True

The world, Berkeley believes, owes its existence to being perceived by God.

True

A Stoic

believes that our happiness or unhappiness is entirely within our own control.

With regard to skepticism, Hume thinks that:

a mitigated skepticism is a useful hedge against dogmatism and superstition.

Dialectic is:

a technique for helping others by raising objections to what they believe.

Moral principles, Hume says, _____________________.

are founded on sentiment or feeling.

Aquinas' argument for God's existence from change:

argues that without a first cause of change there would be no intermediate causers of change.

Kant claims that the illusions of speculative metaphysics __________________________.

arise because of the very nature of reason itself

Renaissance humanists:

celebrate the human being as the central fact in all the created world.

According to Anselm, the fool who "says in his heart" that there is no God ________________.

contradicts himself with this statement

In the Phaedo, Socrates spends his last hours _____________________________ before finally drinking the poison that will kill him.

conversing with his friends about the immortality of the soul

According to _____________________ all things are in flux, like a river.

Heraclitus

Identify the Sophist who claimed that "man is the measure of all things."

Protagoras

Hume claims that the self is _______________________.

A bundle of perceptions

Aristotle's most famous student was __________________.

Alexander the Great

Which classical Greek philosopher was Aquinas' primary influence?

Aristotle

Kant claims that the philosopher ________________ "interrupted his dogmatic slumber" and led him to approach metaphysics in a new way.

David Hume

According to Epicurus,the supposed of evil of _______________ is nothing to us.

Death

In Mediation VI, defends the position the mind (or soul) and body are distinct substances that nevertheless stand in a two-way causal relation. This position is called _____________________.

Interactionism

Where does the conversation between Crito and Socrates take place?

Jail

Which school of classical Greek philosophy had a deep and lasting influence on Augustine's philosophical outlook?

Neo-Platonism

Kant uses the term ________________ to refer to "things-in-themselves."

Noumena

According to Augustine, Evil is the ___________________ of Good

Privation

According the Plato, there are three parts of the soul: desire, spirit, and ______________.

Reason

Locke claims that all of our ideas come from experience, which he divides into two basic kinds; namely ______________ and _______________.

Reflection & Sensation

What does Plato identify as the highest level of reality?

The Form of the Good

In the Apology, it is reported that ___________________ claimed that no man was wiser than Socrates

The Oracle at Delphi

What happens to someone who puts on the Ring of Gyges?

They become invisible

Aristotle defines happiness (eudaemonia) as:

activity of the soul in accord with reason.

Zeno argues that:

an arrow cannot move at all, even though it seems to us that it does

Anselm's "ontological" argument for the existence of God _________________________.

begins from the idea of God as the greatest entity that can be conceived

The early Greeks, following Homer, understood justice to be:

everyone getting his due.

Descartes' holds that the essence of material things is:

extendedness

After being found guilty at his trial, Socrates was sentenced to exile on the island of Lesbos.

false

The one thing that Socrates most confidently claims to know is that __________________.

he is ignorant

According to Descartes, innate ideas are:

ideas I would have even if nothing but I existed.

Augustine, in a sermon, advises that "___________________________________."

in order to understand, we must first believe

Knowing something, according to Plato, __________________________

puts you in touch with reality

The idea of God, Kant says, is an idea that ______________________________.

reason necessarily posits