Phospholipid Bilayer
1. Separates inside of cell from outside of cell 2. Controls the substances that leave and enter the cell
2 cell membrane functions
Phospholipid Bilayer
2 layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail. Makes up the cell membrane
Carrier Proteins and phospholipids
2 major types of molecules that compose the majority of the cell membrane
Cholesterol, protein, carbohydrate chains
3 parts of the cell membrane other than the phospholipids
Glycolipid
A carbohydrate attached to a phospholipid
Glycoprotein
A carbohydrate chain attached to a protein
Phospholipid
A molecule with a glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group
1. Prevents fatty acids tails from sticking together 2. Contributes to the fluidity of the membrane
Cholesterol molecule functions (2)
Cellular communication with other cells and outside environment
Function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane
Anchor the plasma membrane to the internal support structure of the cell
Function: Inner Peripheral Proteins
Transmit signals inside of the cell
Function: Receptor Proteins
Span the membrane and create tunnels that allow certain substances to enter and leave the cell
Function: Transport Proteins
Involved in cell-to-cell recognition
Glycolipids
Transport materials across the cell membrane
Glycoproteins
Their cell membrane allows nutrients to come inside and allows waste to leave
How do cells maintain homeostasis?
Hormones
In facilitated diffusion, which type of molecule attaches to the protein
Hydrophillic
Means attracted to water; Polar
Hydrophobic
Means repelled by water; Non-Polar
Ion binding site and ATP binding site
The 2 binding sites found on the protein during active transport
Receptors, Inner peripheral, and Transport
The 3 types of proteins in the lipid bilayer
Gated channels
The gaps between proteins
Head
The part of the Phospholipid Bilayer that is hydrophillic
Tail
The part of the Phospholipid Bilayer that is hydrophobic
Homeostasis
The process of maintaining balance in an organisms internal environment
Head and Tail
The two main parts of the Phospholipid Bilayer
Diffusion
This type of cell transport is best when cells need to respond to a sudden concentration gradient difference
Active Transport
This type of cell transport is best when moving substances in and out of the cell quickly
It changes to ADP
What happens to ATP after it binds to a protein?
A glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group
What is a phospholipid made up of?
The gaps between phospholipids
Where in the membrane do small molecules pass through?
Active transport does not rely on the concentration gradient because it uses energy.
Why does active transport have a high initial rate compared to diffusion and facilitated diffusion which start from the bottom and then increase?
Facilitated diffusion relies on the number of protein channels available. Even if the concentration gradient increases, the rate of facilitated diffusion will be held back.
Why does diffusion steadily increase when the concentration gradient increases, but facilitated diffusion levels off?
They are stopped by the non-polar middle
Why is it that water-soluble substances do not move easily through the plasma membrane
It allows the plasma membrane to exist in a watery environment
Why is the Phospholipid Bilayer arranged tail-to-tail?