Physical Geography Test 3

The total possible load a stream can transport is its ________, where as a streams ability to move particles of specific size is its ________.

Capacity; competence

The belief that disasters have produced most of the major features of earth is called? A. Metastable threshold B. Catastrophism C. Isostasy D. Uniformitarianism

Catastrophism

Which of the following grain sizes is most readily moved by the wind? Intermediate Small Large

Intermediate

Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves are called?

Swells

Which of the following supports the continental drift concept? A. Radiometric dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center B. Magnetic field patterns preserved in the rocks C. Plant and animal fossil records D. all of the above

All of the above

Which of the following lists the correct sequence from younger to older?

Holocene, Quaternary, and Cenozoic

Which of the following is an endogenic process? A. Weathering B. Glacial erosion C. Volcanism D. Stream Deposition

Volcanism

Wave action works to straighten a coast as wave energy focuses around headlands and tends to disperse energy in cones and bays in a process called?

Wave Refraction

How are Landslide and Debris avalanche different?

A landslide moves much more slowly than a debris avalanche

Drainage density refers to?

A measure determined by dividing the length of all the channels by the area of its drainage basin

In which of the following regions would you expect the highest salinity?

subtropical

After water itself, what are the primary elements which occur in sea water?

Chlorine & Sodium

As a streams velocity decreases, which of the following sizes of sediments will be deposited last?

Clay

The nucleus of a continental mass is called?

Continental shield, or craton

Which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in earth, from the surface to the center?

Crust, athenosphere, lower mantle, core

An extensive area of sand and sand dunes is known as? A. Lag desert B. Desert pavement C. Reg desert D. Erg desert or Sand sea

D. Erg desert, or Sand sea

What are the orders of relief?

First: plates Second: Mountain masses, plains, regional: Alps, Great lakes, Rocky mountains Thirds: specific: Lake ontario

Natural Levees are created during?

Floods

mudflow definition

Fluid downslope flows of material containing more water than earthflows

Stream related processes are termed?

Fluvial

Orogenesis refers to?

General term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust

What type of rock forms from the solidification of molten material?

Igneous

Consider the equation Q=wdv, if Q (discharge) remains constant but w and d decrease, the velocity will...

Increase

Normal faults are associated with?

Tensional forces

Uniformitarianism assumes that

The same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geological time

Which of the following is correct regarding loess deposits?

They are formed of fine-grained clay and silts

The undulating form that gives earth's surface its character and general configuration is called?

Topography

A single groin can produce both sand erosion and deposition? T/F

True

Continental shield or cratons are generally of low elevation and old in age, T/F?

True

Erosion of the walls of a channel normally occur on the outside curve of a meander, T/F?

True

The Appalachians are older than the Rockies? T/F

True

Water can be considered the universal solvent? T/F

True

Water is a more effective agent of erosion in deserts than wind? T/F

True

Rocks that appear pitted and grooved and sometimes polished smooth by eolian processes are called?

Ventifacts

Composite cones have steep slopes and experience ________ eruptions because they are composed of _______ magma.

Violent; felsic

Endogenic process?

Volcanism

Which of the following is an exogenic process?

Weathering

Elongated, streamlined ridges aligned parallel to most effective wind direction are called?

Yardangs

A tributary that is physically unable to join the main channel of a floodplain is called a?

Yazoo tributary

Which of the following is incorrectly matched? A. Shearing - Streching or faulting B. Strain - stress induced C. tension - stretching or faulting D. Compression - shortening

A. Shearing - streching or faulting

A stream transport involves all of the following except? A. Sheetflow B. Bed load C. Traction D. Saltation

A. Sheetflow

A characteristic cone shaped deposition feature in the desert that usually forms at the the mouth of a canyon is known as?

Alluvial fan

The general term for clay and silt and sand deposited by running water is?

Alluvium

The general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water is?

Alluvium

Barrier Islands....

Are NOT stable features of coast line, they cannot hold vaction homes etc.

Maximum velocity in a stream is found

At the center and near the surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel

Which of the following is an example of the first order relief? A. Shenandoah valley B. Ocean basin C. The tibetan plateau D. The alps & rockys

B. Ocean Basin

The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is...

Deflation

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term?

Denudation

Near the shore, waves of transition begin to feel bottom and, as a result, the orbits of water molecules in the wave become more _______. This process eventually causes ________ to form. A. Elliptical; swells B. Elliptical; breakers C. Circular; swells D. Circular; breakers

Elliptical; Breakers

The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves initiated is termed the? A. Epicenter B. Fault area C. Richter zone D. Focus

Epicenter

The term eolian refers to..

Erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind

A major drainage basin consists of a single watershed, T/F?

False

Earthquake and volcanic occurrences do not correlate well with crust plate boundaries. T/F?

False

Rivers have played a relatively minor role in geography, T/F?

False

Limestone is lithified metamorphic rock? T/F

False, its sedimentary from calcium carbonate

As the potential evapotranspiration increases, salinity decreases, T/F?

False, salinity increases with evapotranspiration

The suspended load of a steam is the coarser materials that are dragged along the stream bed, T/F?

False, what is the suspended load?

An example of chemical weathering is?

Karst Topography

The average size of sediment is ________ than that found in a natural levee

Larger

Which side (leeward or windward) of a dune typically has a slope angle equal to that of the angle of response for sand?

Leeward

When people go swimming along a coast, they often find themselves, after a while, down the coast from where they first entered the water, why?

Longshore Currents

Coral bleaching refers to

Loss of algae from coral

A rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred to as a?

Metamorphic

Marble matches with?

Metamorphic

An interruption in a streams graded profile of equilibrium is called a?

Nickpoint

at which of the following locations is new ocean crust being formed? A. Along collision zones b/w two oceanic plates B. Ocean rift zones C. Ocean trenches D. Along collision b/w two continents

Ocean rift zones

A cutoff on a meandering stream results in the formation of a?

Oxbow lake

On the desert floor, at locally low elevations, an intermittenly wet and dry flat area in a region closed (interior) drainage is called?

Playa

Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called?

Pyroclastics (Tephra)

In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock undergoes partial weathering, creating broken up rock called?

Regolith

Vertical elevation differences in local landscape are referred to as?

Relief

Limestone is a type of _________ rock that forms when ________.

Sedimentary; calcium carbonate precipitates

An instrument used to record vibrations in the crust is the?

Seismograph

The state of Georgia is principally within which major drainage basin?

South Atlantic Gulf

In which region of the US are eolian processes most Effective?

South West

When geologists or archaeologist dig downward into a unit f rock or sediment, they are digging "back in time" this is based on?

Superposition

Desert pavement refers to?

Surfaces of concentrated pebbles and gravels

An exotic stream is a?

any river that arises in a humid region and then passes through an arid region

coral reformations...

are made of animals living symbiotically with simple algae

Which of the following is correct regarding continental drift? A. The term continental drift is now called plate tectonics B. It occurred about 2 bya C. It is an old theory that has been disproved D. It does not occur bc the crust is brittle

A. The term continental drift is now called plate tectonics

The sandblasting action of wind-blown particles is?

Abrasion

The atacama desert is one of the worlds driest regionis and is located on the SW coast of Africa, T/F?

False; it is in south america

When rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unity, displacement occurs in a process known as?

Faulting

A hypsographic curve is a...

Generalized curve showing earth's surface by air and elevation in relation to sea level

Continental crust is basically ________, whereas oceanic crust is basically _________.

Granite; Basalt

The greatest flow from rivers east of the continental divide in the rockies is into the?

Gulf/Atlantic drainage

Hawaiian islands were formed as a result of?

Hotspot activity

A common crescent shapped dune with horns pointed downwind is called a? A. Barchan dune B. Longitudinal dune C. Seif dune D. Transverse dune

Barchan dune

Sand that extends from a coast into open water is called?

Barrier split

Particles of sand, gravels, and shells that move along the shore from the...

Beach Drift

The largest material that can be carried by a stream is carried as?

Bed Load