Physics
Once an object enters orbit, what keeps the object moving sideways?
inertia
Scientists in a lab are working on a series of experiments that involve colliding two or more atomic nuclei at very high speeds to form a new type of atomic nucleus. What are they working on?
nuclear fusion
What is the solar process that results in the production of energy?
nuclear fusion
Johannes Kepler is known for which discovery in astronomy?
determining planetary laws of motion
When the north end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun, North America will experience
more direct rays and longer days.
Taden has found a table of the atmospheric layers of the Sun. However, he can't make out the names of the layers in the chart. What are the names of the Sun's layers described in columns A, B, and C?
A: Photosphere; B: Chromosphere; C: Corona
What did Johannes Kepler contribute to the study of planets?
He provided mathematical support for the heliocentric model.
It is warmer near the equator because that is where the Earth gets the most direct sunlight.
T
Which would cause the greatest increase in the acceleration of a satellite?
a decrease in the radius and an increase in the tangential speed
Based on Kepler's work, which best describes the orbit of a planet around the Sun?
an ellipse with the Sun at one focus
Cecelia dropped a ball from a height of 2 m. The ball fell in a straight path down to the ground. According to Newton's universal law of gravitation, which would change the path of the ball so it traces out the widest curved path possible?
tossing it horizontally at a faster speed
About how old is the Sun?
4.6 billion years
The acceleration due to gravity on Jupiter is 23.1 m/s2, which is about twice the acceleration due to gravity on Neptune. Which statement accurately compares the weight of an object on these two planets?
An object weighs about two times as much on Jupiter as on Neptune.
Sid created a chart to summarize characteristics of satellite motion. Which best describes Sid's error?
Centripetal force is perpendicular to the velocity of the satellite.
Which best explains why a satellite accelerates?
It is always changing direction.
Phobos orbits Mars in 27,553 s at a distance of 9.378 × 106 m. What is the mass of Mars?
NOT 2.05 × 1023 kg
The mass of Jupiter is 0.001 solar mass. The orbital period of Jupiter is 11.9 Earth years. What is the distance between Jupiter and the Sun?
NOT 52 au
s the distance between a satellite in a circular orbit and the central object increases, the period of the satellite
increases
Earth has seasons because
its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.
One side of the moon always faces Earth because the time it takes the moon to spin on its axis is less thantwo times (greater than✔ the same asthree times greater than )the time it takes the moon to travel around Earth.
the same as
The gravitational force between two asteroids is 6.2 × 108 N. Asteroid Y has three times the mass of asteroid Z. If the distance between the asteroids is 2100 kilometers, what is the mass of asteroid Y?
1.1 × 1016 kg
The table shows information about the moons of Mars. MoonOrbital Period (days)Average Distance from Mars (km)Phobos0.3199378Deimos 23,459 What is the orbital period of Deimos?
1.26 days
The orbital period of an object is 2 × 107 s and its total radius is 4 × 1010 m. The tangential speed of the satellite is m/s. (Round to the nearest whole number, do not add any punctuation.)
12560
The gravitational force between two objects is 45,000 N. What will be the gravitational force between the two objects if the distance between the objects is reduced by one-half?
180,000 N
The gravitational force between Pluto and Charon is 3.61 × 1018 N. Pluto has a mass of 1.3 × 1022 kg, which is only slightly greater than Charon's mass of 1.6 × 1021 kg. How far apart are Pluto and Charon?
2.0 × 107 m
A baseball has a mass of 0.145 kilograms, and a bowling ball has a mass of 6.8 kilograms. What is the gravitational force between them if their centers are 0.5 m apart?
2.6 × 10-10 N
Earth's rotation takes about
24 Hrs
Solar winds have an influence all the way to about 160 AU from the Sun. About how many kilometers is that?
24,000,000,000 km
Carrie is making a presentation on solar winds. Her notes of the steps that must occur for solar winds to form are below. 1. The stream of electrically charged particles collide with gas atoms, causing the latter to give off light.2. The electrically charged particles flow outward in all directions as far as Saturn.3. The stream of electrically charged particles flows outward from the corona.4. The particles of the solar wind flow along lines of the magnetic field. Which shows the correct sequence in the formation of solar winds?
3, 2, 4, 1
The gravitational force between two objects is 2400 N. What will be the gravitational force between the objects if the mass of one object is doubled?
4800 N
The distance between planets varies as they move in their orbits. The minimum distance from the Earth to Mars is about 0.35 AU. About how many kilometers is that?
55,000,000 km
Neptune has a mass that is about 17 times the mass of Earth. The distance between the Sun and Neptune is about 30.1 times the distance between the Sun and Earth. If the gravitational force between the Sun and Earth is 3.5 x 1028 N, which is closest to the force between Neptune and the Sun?
6 x 10 24 N
Phobos orbits Mars in 27,553 s at a distance of 9.378 × 106 m. What is the mass of Mars?
6.43 × 1023 kg
Astrology is the study of the Earth, Moon, and Stars in space.
F
How is the gravitational force related to the distance between two objects?
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
The table shows information about two of the major moons of Uranus. MoonOrbital Period (days)Average Distance from Uranus (km)Miranda0.319129,390Titania 8.71435,910 What is the average distance between Miranda and Uranus?
Not 4.65 × 107 km
What is an effect of gravity on objects on the surface of Earth? Check all that apply.
Objects "fall" toward the center of Earth. Objects accelerate at a rate of 9.8 m/s each second.
Two satellites, X and Y, are orbiting Earth. Satellite X is1.2 × 106 m from Earth, and Satellite Y is 1.9 × 105 m from Earth. Which best compares the satellites?
Satellite X has a greater period and a slower tangential speed than Satellite Y.
Scientists around the world have been working for decades on perfecting the process of nuclear fusion in the lab. Which statement justifies this research?
Scientists are looking for a way to create cheap, safe, and sustainable energy.
The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year in the northern hemisphere.
T
Which proportionality does Kepler's third law describe?
T2 d3
Malika is writing an essay about the Sun. Below is the first paragraph in the essay. The Sun is an average-size star that is located at the center of the solar system. This hot, glowing ball of gas has a diameter of 1,393,000 km. This means 109 Earths would fit side by side across the diameter of the Sun. At the surface, the Sun's temperature is about 550 degrees Celsius. Earth is located just under 150 million kilometers from the Sun. Malika quickly realizes this paragraph contains an error. Which statement identifies the error?
The Sun's surface temperature is about 5500 degrees Celsius.
Which statement is supported by Kepler's laws?
The closer a planet is to the Sun, the faster it moves.
Which statements describe the relationship of Earth and its moon? Check all that apply.
The moon orbits Earth following a nearly circular path. The same face of the moon always points toward Earth. The moon's orbit is the result of the interaction between the moon's inertia and the gravitational force from Earth.
A group of scientists is trying to launch an object into orbit, and the object is traveling at 6500 m/s. Which best explains why the object will not successfully orbit Earth?
The object is not traveling fast enough to match Earth's curvature.
The image shows Earth's orbit around the Sun. Which describes the changes in Earth's motion?
The speed increases from X to W because a component of the gravitational force acts in the direction of the velocity.
The image shows how Earth orbits the Sun. Points W and X are the same distance from the Sun. Which conclusion is best supported by the image?
The speed of Earth is the same at W as at X because the force on Earth is the same at W as at X.
The image shows a model of the gravitational field around Earth. Which best describes the model?
The strength of the field increases as you get closer to Earth, as shown by the smaller spaces between the circles.
The image shown is an illustration of Kepler's second law. Which conclusion is best supported by the image?
The time needed to travel from W to X is the same as the time needed to travel from Y to Z.
Dewayne reviews Kepler's laws by making the table shown. Which label belongs in each cell of the table?
W: ThirdX: FirstY: Second
Occurs when night and day are almost the same length.
equinox
Earth's axis of rotation is almost parallel to the plane of its orbit.
false
In the Southern Hemisphere, the summer solstice occurs when the direct sunlight is
farthest south.
Kepler's first law states that the orbits of planets are ellipses with the Sun at one
focus
What is the only force acting on an object orbiting Earth?
gravity
In order to recreate the process of energy production that takes place in the Sun, scientists use
hydrogen gas and add heat and pressure.
Which changes would result in a decrease in the gravitational force between two objects? Check all that apply.
increasing the distance between the objects decreasing the mass of one of the objects decreasing the mass of both objects
An equinox occurs when
neither end of Earth's axis is tilted toward or away from the sun.
Which object would be considered to be in free fall?
one with only gravity acting upon it
Leo drew a force diagram to represent a satellite in orbit around Earth. Which best explains how to correct Leo's diagram?
remove the Fair vector
The movement of one body around another is
revolution
The sudden eruptions of energy from a small area of the Sun's surface are known as
solar flares
Radio communications were severely disturbed last week, and the local newspaper says that solar activity is to blame. Which types of solar activity could the newspaper be talking about?
solar flares and prominences
Which quantities decrease as the distance between a planet and the Sun increases? Check all that apply.
tangential speed gravitational force distance traveled in a day
What is an astronomical unit?
the average distance between the Earth and the Sun
Lori attended a lecture about the Sun, and the presenter had placed this image on the wall. Which layer of the Sun could this image be referring to?
the convection zone, because it shows how energy moves in a convection current
