physics ch. 11
mostly empty space themselves
A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are
56 neutrons
A nucleus with an atomic number of 44 and a mass number of 100 must have
d. all of the above
An atomic model of the atom is a. a stepping stone to further understanding. b. a symbolic representation of the atom. c. an abstraction enabling predictions. d. all of the above
protons
An element is distinct because of its number of
has different numbers of neutrons for the same element
An isotope is simply an atom that
protons in the nucleus
Atomic number refers to the number of
scanning electron microscopes and electron beams
Atoms can be photographed by
particles larger than atoms bumping into them
Brownian motion is caused by
smaller
Compared to the average size of a hydrogen atom, the average size of a helium atom is
Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.
Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.
It has a different number of neutrons.
How does one isotope differ from another?
The numbers are the about the same
How does the approximate number of atoms in the air in your lungs compare with the number of breaths of air in Earth's atmosphere?
its equal and opposite
How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron?
7
How many shells are represented in the presently known periodic table?
nucleons in the nucleus
Mass number refers to the number of
Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another.
Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on?
C. Both of the above
The atomic number of an element matches the number of A. protons in the nucleus of an atom. B. electrons in a neutral atom. C. Both of the above. D. None of the above.
electrons
The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their
gold atoms
The element gold contains
orbital electrons
The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Calcium
What are the five most common elements in the universe?
collisions with invisible particles
What causes dust particles and tiny grains of soot to move with Brownian motion?
random motions
What did Robert Brown see in his microscope?
The # of protons in its nucleus
What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element?
hydrogen
What element has the lightest atoms?
hydrogen
What is the most abundant element in the known universe?
electric
What kind of attraction pulls electrons close to the atomic nucleus?
In the nucleus as protons
Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated?
quark
Which is the smallest particle?
c. neutrons
Which of the following are electrically neutral? a. ions b. electrons c. neutrons d. proton
D. Atoms are manufactured in plants, and in humans during pregnancy.
Which of the following are incorrect statements about the atom? A. Atoms are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. B. Atoms are mostly empty space, just as the solar system is mostly empty space. C. Atoms are perpetually moving. D. Atoms are manufactured in plants, and in humans during pregnancy. E. All are correct.
b. neon
Which of the following is a gas? a. sodium b. neon c. lithium d. carbon
a. there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances
Which of the following statements is true? a. there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances b. a large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope c. an atom is the smallest particle known to exist d. none of the above
c. uranium
Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? a. helium b. gold c. uranium d. carbon e. iron
b. lead
Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? a. silver b. lead c. gold d. mercury
Aristotle
Which of these investigators did NOT contribute to our knowledge of atoms?
john dalton
Who advanced the idea of atoms in the early 1800s?
Albert Einstein
Who first explained Brownian motion and made a convincing case for the existence of atoms?
The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits.
Why aren't heavier elements much larger than lighter elements?
The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom.
Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam?
Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light.
Why can't atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope?
a proton or a neutron
what is meant by the term nucleon
A model is an abstraction that helps us visualize and predict.
what is the purpose if a model in science?