Plant Parts (for final exam)
Acaulescent (Stems)
No obvious stem above or below ground
Simple (Leaf Types)
Not divided into separate units
Pinnate (Leaf Vein Patterns)
One large, central vein, the midrib, with other large veins branching from the sides
Alternate (Leaf Arrangement)
One leaf produced at each node
Incomplete (Flower Type)
One part missing
Receptacle (Flowers)
Part of flower, stalk bearing floral organs
Seed Coat (Seeds)
Protects the embryo
Fibrous Root System (Roots)
Are found in most monocots, consists of an extensive mass of smaller, widely spread roots
Fibrous Roots (Roots)
Are thin, slender, roots, collect water and nutrients close to the soil surface, sprout from primary roots
Ovary (Flowers)
Base of the pistil, matures to become fruit
Anther (Flowers)
Bears pollen
Perfect (Flower Type)
Both stamen and pistil are present and functioning
Multiple (Fruit Types)
Developed from a fusion of separate flowers on a single structure
Lateral Roots (Roots)
Extend horizontally from the taproot, extract nutrients and water from the soil
Pistil (Flowers)
Female part of the flower
Peduncle (Flowers)
Flower stalk
Adventitious Roots (Roots)
Form from shoot tissues, arise in stems and leaves, are used when cloning plants from cuttings
Aggregate (Fruit Types)
Formed from a single flower with many ovaries
Simple (Fruit Types)
Formed from one ovary
Pollen (Flowers)
Grains containing the male sex cells
Aerial (Stems)
Grow above ground
Subterranean (Stems)
Grow below ground
Complete (Flower Type)
Has stamen, pistil, petals, and sepals
Taproot System (Roots)
Is found in many dicotyledons such as carrots and beets, is derived directly from the first root emerging from the seed, has one prominent root known as the taproot or primary root
Petiole (Leaves)
Leaf stalk which attaches the leaf to the plant
Sepal
Leaf structures at flower base, protects young buds, all together known as calyx
Compound (Leaf Types)
Leaflets arranged on both sides of an axis
Opposite (Leaf Arrangement)
Leaves in pairs at nodes
Petal (Flowers)
Located in and above the sepals, attracts pollinators, all together known as corolla
Ovule (Flowers)
Located in the ovary, carries female sex cells
Stem (Leaves)
Main support of the plant
Midrib (Leaves)
Main, central vein of leaves
Stamen (Flowers)
Male part of the flow, makes pollen grains
Parallel (Leaf Vein Patterns)
Several large veins run alongside each other from the base of the blade to the tip (monocots)
Palmate (Leaf Vein Patterns)
Several main veins of about equal size, all of which extend from a common point at the base of the leaf (dicots)
Taproot (Roots)
Single, dominant roots, grow directly downward, sprout other fibrous roots, can be modified for food and water storage and uptake
Stipule (Leaves)
Small, leaf-like appendages at the base of the petiole
Style (Flowers)
Stalk of the pistil, where pollen tube grows
Filament (Flowers)
Stalk of the stamen, contains the anther
Imperfect (Flower Type)
Stamen or pistil is missing
Stigma (Flower)
Sticky top of pistil, receptive surface for pollen grains
Cotyledon (Seed)
Temporary food supply, also known as seed leaf
Whorled (Leaf Arrangement)
Three or more leaves per node
Phloem (Stems)
Transports sugars and other molecules made during photosynthesis, is always alive
Xylem
Transports water from the roots up the plant, provides structure and support in the stem
Vein (Leaves)
Transports water, minerals, and food energy throughout the plant
Embryo (Seed)
Young plant