Plant Parts (for final exam)

Acaulescent (Stems)

No obvious stem above or below ground

Simple (Leaf Types)

Not divided into separate units

Pinnate (Leaf Vein Patterns)

One large, central vein, the midrib, with other large veins branching from the sides

Alternate (Leaf Arrangement)

One leaf produced at each node

Incomplete (Flower Type)

One part missing

Receptacle (Flowers)

Part of flower, stalk bearing floral organs

Seed Coat (Seeds)

Protects the embryo

Fibrous Root System (Roots)

Are found in most monocots, consists of an extensive mass of smaller, widely spread roots

Fibrous Roots (Roots)

Are thin, slender, roots, collect water and nutrients close to the soil surface, sprout from primary roots

Ovary (Flowers)

Base of the pistil, matures to become fruit

Anther (Flowers)

Bears pollen

Perfect (Flower Type)

Both stamen and pistil are present and functioning

Multiple (Fruit Types)

Developed from a fusion of separate flowers on a single structure

Lateral Roots (Roots)

Extend horizontally from the taproot, extract nutrients and water from the soil

Pistil (Flowers)

Female part of the flower

Peduncle (Flowers)

Flower stalk

Adventitious Roots (Roots)

Form from shoot tissues, arise in stems and leaves, are used when cloning plants from cuttings

Aggregate (Fruit Types)

Formed from a single flower with many ovaries

Simple (Fruit Types)

Formed from one ovary

Pollen (Flowers)

Grains containing the male sex cells

Aerial (Stems)

Grow above ground

Subterranean (Stems)

Grow below ground

Complete (Flower Type)

Has stamen, pistil, petals, and sepals

Taproot System (Roots)

Is found in many dicotyledons such as carrots and beets, is derived directly from the first root emerging from the seed, has one prominent root known as the taproot or primary root

Petiole (Leaves)

Leaf stalk which attaches the leaf to the plant

Sepal

Leaf structures at flower base, protects young buds, all together known as calyx

Compound (Leaf Types)

Leaflets arranged on both sides of an axis

Opposite (Leaf Arrangement)

Leaves in pairs at nodes

Petal (Flowers)

Located in and above the sepals, attracts pollinators, all together known as corolla

Ovule (Flowers)

Located in the ovary, carries female sex cells

Stem (Leaves)

Main support of the plant

Midrib (Leaves)

Main, central vein of leaves

Stamen (Flowers)

Male part of the flow, makes pollen grains

Parallel (Leaf Vein Patterns)

Several large veins run alongside each other from the base of the blade to the tip (monocots)

Palmate (Leaf Vein Patterns)

Several main veins of about equal size, all of which extend from a common point at the base of the leaf (dicots)

Taproot (Roots)

Single, dominant roots, grow directly downward, sprout other fibrous roots, can be modified for food and water storage and uptake

Stipule (Leaves)

Small, leaf-like appendages at the base of the petiole

Style (Flowers)

Stalk of the pistil, where pollen tube grows

Filament (Flowers)

Stalk of the stamen, contains the anther

Imperfect (Flower Type)

Stamen or pistil is missing

Stigma (Flower)

Sticky top of pistil, receptive surface for pollen grains

Cotyledon (Seed)

Temporary food supply, also known as seed leaf

Whorled (Leaf Arrangement)

Three or more leaves per node

Phloem (Stems)

Transports sugars and other molecules made during photosynthesis, is always alive

Xylem

Transports water from the roots up the plant, provides structure and support in the stem

Vein (Leaves)

Transports water, minerals, and food energy throughout the plant

Embryo (Seed)

Young plant