PMP Test Questions Need Review

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What is the formula for PERT Beta Distribution?

(O + 4R + P) / 6

What is the formula for PERT Triangle Distribution?

(O + R + P) / 3

What is the formula for PERT Standard Deviation?

(P - O)/6

What are estimate activity duration tools?

1. Parametric - uses statistical relationship between historical data and other variables to calculate an estimate for activity parameters 2. 3-point Estimate - calculates an expected duration using a weighted average of 3 estimated (Optimistic, Pessimistic, and Realistic or Most likely) (O + P +4M)/6 3. Bottom-up Estimating - the work has to be detailed, takes a long time but highly accurate, you break work into lowest levels and then aggregate the work back up to find the overall duration

Daily standup meetings are very important in agile projects. Which questions are answered during the daily standup meeting?

1. What did I do yesterday? 2. What will I do in the next 24 hours? Is there any impediment that could prevent the team from progressing with the work?

What does a CPI of 0.95 show? (Choose 2) A. The project is under budget. B. The project is over budget. C. The project is getting $0.95 worth of work out of every $1 spent. D. The project is behind schedule.

A CPI of 0.95 implies that the project is over-budget. Alternatively, we can say it is getting $0.95 worth of work out of every $1 spent. Therefore, funds are not used efficiently or there is a lot of wastage. Therefore, correct answer is B &C.

A project manager has completed the project status report. The report states the CPI is 1.1 and the SPI is 1.14. The report was given to the project sponsor, who has become very upset about the project's progress and has requested an immediate meeting with the project manager. What should the project manager report in the meeting? Their has been many changes to the scope that has cause the project to be behind schedule Their has been many changes to the scope that has cause the project to be over budget The project is behind schedule and over budget due to scope creep The project is progressing on schedule and budget

A SPI and CPI of 1 and greater tell us that the project is actually under budget and ahead of schedule. All other choices are reporting wrong information.

You are currently working on a large building demolition project. There are many requirements for the potential vendors on the project, and you would like to ensure that they all receive the same information. What is the best tool or technique to ensure all vendors receive the same information about the project? Scope statement Requirements traceability Matrix Requirements documentation Bidder Conference

A bidder conference is held by inviting all the potential sellers and reviewing the requirements for the project with them. This will ensure that no vendor receives more or less information than the others. The scope statement, requirements traceability matrix, and requirements documentation are generally written before vendors are invited to learn about the project.

The project manager and team have decided to hire a contractor to complete building out the remaining section of the datacenter. They have the requirements listed in detail and would like to use a contract that would present the smallest amount of risk to the project. The project team members would like to purchase the materials themselves since there are very familiar with the work. What contract is best for this project? Time and materials Cost plus project fee Cost plus fixed fee Cost plus contractor fee

A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract is where the buyer pays all the work expenses and then pays a fixed price for the work. A time and materials contract is where the buyer pays all the work expenses and then pays the sellers for the time they spent doing the work, and this contract has the highest risk to the buyers. All other choices are made-up terms.

The project manager has been informed that the company's senior management would like a meeting about the status of the project. What should the project manager take to display the current schedule of the project? Network diagram WBS Gantt chart Milestone chart

A milestone chart is a high-level view of major accomplishments on a project. These are best used when presenting a quick view of data and the project schedule to management personnel. All other choices would give you a detailed view of the project schedule and work.

What does Sharing risk response strategy mean?

A mitigation (A) strategy involves reducing the chances of threats happening. In this scenario, prototyping is done to reduce the chances of that feature failing.

The deliverables for the office relocation project were accepted by the company stakeholders, and all office staff were very happy with the work of the movers. The office manager requested to close the project immediately due to year-end budgetary closeouts. The movers filed a claim for an additional $300 for moving a copier that was not part of the plan. What should the project manager do next? Keep the project open and inform claims administration. Close the project immediately and update the accounting department to pay the claim. Keep the project open and pay the claim. Close the project immediately and inform the office manager.

A project can only be closed once all claims have been settled. Claims should be sent to claims administration, where negotiation would be the preferred way to resolve them.

You are a project manager on a manufacturing project, and you are leading your team in preparing a project scope statement for your project. Which other information should not be included in the project scope statement? A. Roles and responsibilities of the team B. Description of the product scope C. Project exclusions. D. Acceptance criteria.

A project scope statement is the description of the project scope, major deliverables, assumptions, constraints, and acceptance criteria. Product scope description (B) progressively elaborates on the characteristics of the product, service, or result described in the project charter and requirements documentation. A project deliverable is any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project. Project acceptance criteria (D) is a set of conditions that are required to be met before deliverables are accepted. Project exclusions (C) identify what is excluded from the project. The project scope statement does not include the roles and responsibilities of the project team (A).

Project manager Mark is working to create the project scope statement for a sales management software. Many stakeholders have requested that a feature be added to enable automated call -backs to leads that come through the website. Mark realizes this feature would not be possible due to the fact that the company's current network lacks the required hardware. What is the best approach for Mark to take? Tell the stakeholders the feature will be added after the project is done Add the feature as an exclusion to the scope statement Tell the stakeholders to submit a change request Add the feature and hope the sponsor approves the budget

A project scope statement not only contains the project's deliverables but also the exclusions, which are features the project will not accomplish. Mark should not add the feature due to the company's inability to install it.

While working on a project, the project team has encountered a problem that has halted the project work. The team is unable to come up with a solution and would like to have an outside company come in and finish the rest of the project. What should the project team do next? Rewrite the scope statement Create a request for proposal Create a request for quotation Conduct a bidder conference

A request for proposal is used when there's a problem on the project, and this solution is not easy to determine. This is generally a formal request made by project vendors to understand how they would rewrite the scope statement. Conducting a bidder conference will not come up with solutions to the problem with the project. A request for quotation is made to understand how a vendor develops satisfied requirements and how much it will cost.

After the iteration has completed where will the team inspect the methods, they used to build that increments? Retrospective Iteration review Iteration backlog Iteration planning

A retrospective is done after each iteration for the team to inspect and create a plan for improvements to be done in the next iteration.

You have just been appointed the new project manager on a product upgrade project. One person in particular at the company feels like the project may cause them to lose their job. This person has expert knowledge of the current product and does not feel that it needs an upgrade. What would you consider this person on your project? Team member Employee Subject matter expert Stakeholder

A stakeholder is someone who is positively or negatively impacted by a project. In this situation, the person is negatively impacted. Team members do the work on the project. Subject matter experts are generally team members, and employees work for a business.

Which type of contract will be used for additional staff augmentation when one can't come up with a complete procurement statement of work? A. Cost plus fixed fee B. Fixed Price Award fee C. Cost Plus Incentive Fee D. Time and Materials

A time and materials contract is a hybrid of a cost-reimbursable and a fixed-price contract. It is often used for staff augmentation, the acquisition of experts, and any outside support when a precise statement of work cannot be quickly prescribed. Therefore, correct answer is D.

The agile project team has determined that many of its processes has a lot of waiting and would like to remove all of the waste in the processes. What would be the best tool the agile team can use to improve their processes? Triple nickel Value stream map Process tailoring Fishbone analysis

A value stream map is a visual representation of the flow of information through a process in which you can identify waste such as waiting time and optimize the process.

What does Accept risk response strategy mean?

Accepting (D) an opportunity acknowledges its existence but no proactive action is taken. This strategy may be appropriate for low-priority opportunities, and it may also be adopted where it is not possible or cost-effective to address an opportunity in any other way.

You are in the middle of a project that involves upgrading the payroll system in your organization. You agreed with your project team to move some work packages forward to a date when Marcus is available for the project, as he is more experienced in those tasks. This is an example of which risk management strategy? A. Escalate B. Exploit. C. Share. D. Accept.

Accepting risk (D) involves acknowledging that there is opportunity. Risk can be accepted proactively or actively. Passive risk involves accepting the risk with no proactive activity, especially for low-priority risks and where it is not effective to address the opportunity. Sharing (C) involves sharing the benefit with the third party. We only share opportunities. Escalation (A) involves transferring the opportunity that is beyond the scope of the project to senior management, probably at the program level or portfolio level, where it can be exploited. The exploit strategy (B) may be selected for high-priority opportunities where the organization wants to ensure that the opportunity is realized. This strategy seeks to capture the benefit associated with a particular opportunity by ensuring that it happens, increasing the probability of its occurrence to 100%. Moving some activities forward to take advantage of a more experienced resource is an example of exploiting the opportunity.

Mark is currently working on the workstation upgrade project. He has noticed there are three activities on the critical path, which are activity A, C, and D. Activity B has a slack of 2 and a duration of 4 days. Activity C has a duration of 3 days, and activity D has a duration of 6 days. What is the slack on activity A? 4 days Cannot be determined 0 days 2 days

Activities on a critical path have zero slack. The question is trying to mislead you into drawing a network diagram that is not needed to determine the slack.

What formula is = sum of the cost for the given period?

Actual Cost (AC)

Evan is a project manager on a software development project. Together with his team, he just finished compiling a long list of stakeholders in the project. He knows that managing the expectations of stakeholders in the project is important for the success of the project. What will he do next? A. He should plan how he will engage all the stakeholders in the project. B. Prioritize the stakeholders based on their influence, power, and interest. C. Start engaging stakeholders. D. Start monitoring stakeholder engagement.

After identifying the stakeholders, the next step should be to perform a stakeholders' analysis to prioritize stakeholders based on their power, influence, and interest. Options A, C, and D can follow later.

The project team has completed the scope baseline and has started to break down each of the work packages in into individual activities. What process should the team do next? Create WBS Develop Schedule Define Scope Sequence Activity

After the team has created the activity list in the process of define activity, the next process should be sequencing the activities. This should be done before the team develops a schedule. Creating WBS and defining scope will come before defining activities.

What is three-point estimating technique?

Allows you to consider risks involved in your projections and generates three distinct estimates Optimistic Estimate Pessimistic Estimate Realistic Estimate (O+4R+P) / [6]

What is an Information Radiator?

An Information Radiator is a visible display of key team information, openly shared with all team members and other stakeholders and continuously updated. Examples of information radiators used in scrum include the Scrum board, Task board, Impediments list, and Sprint burndown charts (when on walls). Information radiators can be displayed in various formats (handwritten, drawn, printed, electronic etc.).

While measuring quality on a project, the project team decided to just measure the quality as pass/fail. The team has determined that this is the best method because the deliverables are mostly functions that will need to produce a correct result. What best describes this measurement? Statistical independence Statistical sampling Mutually exclusive Attribute sampling

An attribute sample is a measurement that is usually pass/fail or good/bad. Statistical sampling is a measurement that is not just pass/fail; it also has a middle ground, such as good, very good, bad, or very bad. Statistical independence means that an outcome of two events cannot affect each other, and mutually exclusive is a term that is used when two events cannot happen at the same time.

The project has just been initiated, and the project sponsor calls the project manager and asks approximately when he thinks the project will be completed. The project manager replies that they have been unable to thoroughly analyze the work needed to complete the project and that he is not very knowledgeable about this kind of work. The sponsor insists on receiving a high-level estimate. The project manager responds that it will take approximately 3 months to complete the work based on his experience working on a project very similar to this one. What technique best represents this estimate? Expert judgement Bottom-up estimates Parametric estimates Analogous estimates

Analogous estimation, also known as a top-down estimate, is usually a high-level estimate that is based on previous projects. These estimates are done very quickly, but they're generally less accurate than others. Bottom-up estimates, parametric estimates, and expert judgments will need a lot more planning and understanding of the work to be completed, as they are considered very accurate.

Marcus, a project manager at Statue Corporation, is nearing the end of his project. He has been involving all stakeholders throughout the project to ensure he meets the business value of the project. How will Marcus know that the business value has been achieved? A. By measuring business value using key performance indicators (KPIs) B. By performing thorough inspection the deliverables C. If the senior management is happy D. Through feedback given by the customer about the deliverable

Answer A. By measuring business value using key performance indicators (KPIs) KPIs are used to measure business value. The project manager is responsible for measuring whether the business value has been reached. In agile projects, the product owner is responsible for ensuring the business value of the project is achieved.

The numbering system in work breakdown structure (WBS) is called? A. Control accounts B. Codes of accounts C. Chart of accounts D. Reserve analysis

Answer B. Codes of accounts The numbering system in WBS is called "codes of accounts."

What is the portfolio manager in charge of? A. Program B. Project C. Portfolio

Answer C. in charge of coordinating projects, programs, subsidiary portfolios, and operations within an organization in order to achieve strategic goals.

You are in the middle of a project for which you are using an agile approach. The success of this project is very critical, and the sponsor instructed you to prepare a visual diagram that will allow the project team to see how their workload is progressing and whether project completion is on schedule. Which tool will you use? A. Burnup chart B. Burndown chart C. Affinity diagram D. Control chart

Answer is A - burnup chart A burndown chart is used to keep track of the progress of the project work. It shows the amount of pending project work. A burnup chart is used to keep track of the progress of the project work. It shows how much project work has been completed and also shows the total amount of work in a project.

Jacob works at Miller Limited, where he feels that there is no job security. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, lack job security is considered as? A. Hygiene factor B. Motivating factor C. Demotivating factor D. Impediments

Answer is A Hygiene factor According to Herzberg's theory, there are two factors: hygiene and motivation. Poor hygiene factors may destroy motivation, but improving them, under most circumstances, will not improve motivation. Hygiene factors include salary, working conditions, status, personal life security, and relationships at work. Motivators are motivating factors, and they include responsibility, self-actualization, professional growth, and recognition.

You are in charge of a mega project in a telecommunication organization that is going to deliver several features to your customers. During planning, you realized the risk of delivering a certain deliverable was very high, and you agreed with your team to prototype that risky piece of work. Which risk response strategy are you using? A. Mitigate B. Exploit C. Share D. Accept

Answer is A. A mitigation (A) strategy involves reducing the chances of threats happening. In this scenario, prototyping is done to reduce the chances of that feature failing.

You are the project manager of a CCV installation project, and together with your team, you are estimating the duration of your project. Because you already have a variety of work packages with you, you realized it would only take a short time. Now, you are breaking down work packages into tasks as you add up the duration estimates for various work packages. Which estimation techniques are you using? A. Bottom-up estimating B. Analogous estimating C. Parametric estimating D. Three-point estimating

Answer is A. Bottom-up (A) estimating is a method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower level components of the WBS. These estimates are then aggregated into a total quantity for each of the activity's duration.

You are estimating the cost of your current project, for which you have limited information about the project. What is the best estimation technique to use? A. Top-down B. Parametric C. Bottom-up D. Brainstorming

Answer is A. Parametric estimating (B) uses historical data and some algorithms. Bottom-up estimating (C) is a method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower-level components of the WBS. These estimates are then aggregated into a total quantity for each activity's duration. Brainstorming (D) is not an estimation technique, but a method of gathering data from a group within a very short time. Top-down/analogous (A) is an estimation technique that involves the use of historical information from past similar projects, such as duration, budget, etc. It is used when there is a limited amount of information for the project.

You are the project manager of an agile project in which you must meet the needs of the customer. What will you develop in order to stay focused on what the customer really needs? A. Personas B. Backlog C. User stories D. Scope

Answer is A. Personas are quick reminders of the primary categories of individuals who will use the solution, including what they need and value, to aid the team in gaining insight into the users and staying focused on their needs.

Peter is a project manager in a project to construct a new cinema hall. He is looking for information about authority, responsibility and competence of project team members. Which document or plan can he find this document? A. Resource management plan B. Resource Assignment matrix C. Project team assignment D. Requirements documentation.

Answer is A. Requirements documentation (D) is a document that records requirements of the project plus description about their acceptance criteria. Resource assignment matrix (B)is a tool to represent data and shows the project resources assigned to each work package. So it cannot be the answer. Project team assignments (C)is a document that records human team in project plus their role and responsibilities. Resource management plan contains all the information related to roles, authorities, responsibilities and competences.

You have been assigned as project manager for a software development project. Peter, one of your team members, was given other responsibilities in the same department, and you are happy that they got a suitable replacement. As a project manager, how can you ensure that a new employee catches up quickly with the job? A. Reverse shadowing B. Backlog C. Team building D. Rewards and recognition

Answer is A. Reverse Shadowing: Requires the expert, the one who owns the knowledge, to follow the team member in carrying out his activities to provide him with guidance and suggestions to improve his work. This is a good option since Peter is still around. Team building may not help much in this case. The other options don't relate to the scenario explained in the question.

Tiffany is a project manager in an organization that deals with health projects. She found that the agile approach is suitable for her current project, but unfortunately, she is concerned that key stakeholders, including senior management, are unfamiliar with the agile approach. What will she do for the agile approach to be successful? A. Mentor the stakeholders. B. Recruit the project team members who are familiar with the agile process. C. Revert to a predictive approach as most key stakeholders don't understand the agile approach. D. Report the issue to senior management.

Answer is A. The best thing for Tiffany to do is to mentor stakeholders (A) to transition to an agile mindset and upgrade their skills. Taking the time to mentor them on the advantages of the methodology and how to work with you to deliver a successful project is time well spent. Reporting the issue to the senior management (D) may not solve the challenge.

Which is the best tool to represent the risks according to their detectability, proximity, and impact? A. Bubble chart B. Risk register C. Salience model D. Risk report

Answer is A. The bubble chart represents three parameters; detectability, proximity, and size of the impact.

You are having a conversation with your friend, Jane, who is also a project manager in another organization. You realized your friend could not make any decisions in the organization. What role does Jane play in the organization? A. Expeditor B. Coordinator C. Functional D. Weak Matrix

Answer is A. The project coordinator (B) position is similar to that of the project expediter, except the coordinator has some authority and power to make decisions but must report to a higher-level manager. Project expediter (A) acts primarily as a staff assistant and communications assistance. A project expediter cannot personally make or enforce decisions. In short, he/she is just a spokesperson. Functional (C) and weak matrix (D) are organizational structures and have nothing to do with roles.

Prieto instructed Maria, one of the team members, to measure the amount of work the development team could cover in a single sprint. Which metrics can Maria use? A. Velocity B. Response time C. Sprint burndown D. Lead time

Answer is A. Velocity is a key metric in the scrum, and it is used to measure the amount of work the development team can cover in a single sprint. Velocity can also be used to estimate delivery time for further releases.

Stakeholder management is key to the success of any project. Stakeholders' influence is highest during which process group? A. Monitoring and control B. Initiation C. Planning D. Execution

Answer is A. During the initiation process group, stakeholders have the most influence. The influence is lowest during closing process group.

Jackson works for a non-governmental organization, where he is in charge of coordinating three related projects. What role is Jackson playing in the organization? A. Program Manager B. Project Manager C. Project Sponsor D. Portfolio Manager

Answer is A. The program manager (A) is in charge of coordinating related projects, subsidiary portfolios, and operations in order to obtain benefits that would not be available if they were managed separately.

What is the program manager in charge of? A. Program B. Project C. Portfolio

You are leading a project to build a highway in your country, and you are just about to begin the procurement process. Currently, your team is preparing the documents that you will use to solicit proposals from the vendors. Which process are you in? A. Plan procurement management B. Control procurement C. Monitor procurement D. Conduct procurement

Answer is A. Plan procurement management Bid documents are prepared in plan procurement management process.

In the agile approach, requirements stated from the user perspective are called? A. Backlog B. User stories C. Sprint D. To do list

Answer is A. User stories User stories contain features or requirements that are written from the perspective of the end user. The user stories are kept in the product backlog (an ordered list of work to be done).

You are the project manager for a construction project. You are in the process of creating a RACI chart for your project. What does RACI stand for? A. Responsible, accountable, consult, inform B. Responsible, assigned, control, inform C. Responsible, assigned, consult, inform D. Responsible, accountable, control, inform

Answer is A: RACI mean responsible, accountable, consult, inform.

To deal with the risks in his project, a project manager was forced to use management reserves. Why did he use these reserves? (Choose 2) A. The risk was identified in advance. B. The risks were not identified in advance. C. The contingency reserves were exhausted. D. To implement the workaround.

Answer is B & C. The management reserves are extra funds to cover unforeseen risks or changes to the project. They are used to implementing workarounds. A workaround is an unplanned risk response to an unforeseen risk or a foreseen risk that didn't have a planned risk response. Contingency reserves are funds used to deal with known unknowns.

Your project team informed you that To Complete Performance Index (TCPI) for your project is 1.25. What does this mean? A. It is easy to complete the remaining work with the remaining funds. B. It is difficult for the remaining funds to complete the remaining work. C. The project is within the budget D. The project is behind the schedule

Answer is B. A TCPI greater than one shows the remaining work is greater than the remaining funds. Therefore, it is difficult for the remaining funds to complete the remaining work. Therefore, the correct answer is "B."

You are in the middle of your IT agile project, when a junior member who recently joined the team from college ask you what is the meaning of lead time. What would you respond? A. The time that an item waits until work starts B. The total time it take to deliver an item, measured from the time it is added to the board to the time moment it is completed. C. The time required to process an item D. The time it takes to see bottlenecks and delays.

Answer is B. Lead time- is the total time it take to deliver an item, measured from the time it is added to the board to the time moment it is completed. Response time -is the time that an item waits until work starts. Cycle time -is the time required to process an item.

You are project manager on a railway construction project that has a strict deadline. You are happy that you have selected the seller who will perform some functions in the project. What can you include in the contract so that the work can be done on time? A. Letter of intent B. Incentives C. Force majeure D. Complete procurement statement of work

Answer is B. The completion of the procurement statement of work (D) cannot speed up the completion of the work. Force majeure (C), is a provision commonly found in contracts that frees both parties from obligation if an extraordinary event prevents one or both parties from performing. These events must be unforeseeable and unavoidable and not the result of the defendant's actions, hence they are considered "an act of god". A letter of intent (A) is not a contract, but simply a letter stating that the buyer intends to hire the seller. It is intended to give the seller confidence that the contract will be signed soon and to make them comfortable with taking the risk of ordering the equipment or hiring the staff that will eventually be needed. The purpose of an incentives (B) in a contract is to motivate the contractor to deliver a better product or service on time.

Answer is B. Accepting risk (D) involves acknowledging that there is opportunity. Risk can be accepted proactively or actively. Passive risk involves accepting the risk with no proactive activity, especially for low-priority risks and where it is not effective to address the opportunity. Sharing (C) involves sharing the benefit with the third party. We only share opportunities. Escalation (A) involves transferring the opportunity that is beyond the scope of the project to senior management, probably at the program level or portfolio level, where it can be exploited. The exploit strategy (B) may be selected for high-priority opportunities where the organization wants to ensure that the opportunity is realized. This strategy seeks to capture the benefit associated with a particular opportunity by ensuring that it happens, increasing the probability of its occurrence to 100%. Moving some activities forward to take advantage of a more experienced resource is an example of exploiting the opportunity.

Which model categorizes project stakeholders according to power, legitimacy, and urgency? A. Power interest B. Salience C. Stakeholder cube D. Bubble

Answer is B. The salience model uses three categories to analyze stakeholders: power, urgency, and legitimacy.

What is the project manager in charge of? A. Program B. Project C. Portfolio

Answer is B. in charge of a project.

What is the main source of conflict in a project? A. Personality B. Cost C. Project priorities D. Administrative procedures E. Technical options

Answer is C - This are main source of conflict from the order frequency. 1. Schedule, 2. Project priorities, 3. Resources, 4. Technical opinions, 5. Administrative procedures, 6. Cost, 7. Personality. Note that personality is the least source of conflict. Frequency in order: 1. Schedule 2. Project priorities 3. Resources 4. Technical opinions 5. Administrative procedures 6. Cost 7. Personality

You are in the middle of a project for which you are the project manager. Patel, who is an executive manager in your organization, requested you add an extra feature to make your product look beautiful. What is the best thing for you to do? A. Report the Patel to the project sponsor. B. Immediately accept the request as it is coming from an executive member. C. Reject the request. D. Raise a change request

Answer is C - reject the request Rejecting the request is the best answer. Providing extra features is gold plating. According to PMI, gold plating is not quality and it does not recommend it.

In your project, you are using a tornado diagram to represent the result of risk analysis in your software development activity. In which risk management process are you? A. Plan risk management B. Perform qualitative risk analysis C. Perform quantitative risk analysis D. Plan risk response

Answer is C. A tornado diagram is a tool for representing data after performing sensitivity analysis, which is normally done in performing quantitative risk analysis.

Christian recently joined an organization as a project manager where he will be working with Alex, who is less experienced and who wanted to know how planning is done in an agile approach. How would Christians respond? A. Once the plan is approved, it is difficult to make changes to it. B. The Agile approach requires detailed planning before any work can begin. C. It does not require detailed planning at the start, and the scope is elaborated on a progressive basis based on customer feedback. D. Baselines are defined during planning before work starts.

Answer is C. In an Agile approach, there is no detailed planning and the scope is progressively elaborated based on continuous feedback from stakeholders. Answers A, B, and D are for the predictive/waterfall approach.

Maria is a project manager on a project that is comprised of team members from different continents. For Maria to be successful, what is the best tool to use? A. Video conferencing B. Communication through emails C. Interpersonal abilities D. Push communication

Answer is C. Maria works with people from many cultural backgrounds, each with their own set of values and beliefs. To be successful, she must understand new cultures. She therefore requires strong interpersonal and team skills.

A project manager and his team are using a lightweight set of tests to ensure that the most important features of the software they are developing work as intended. This practice is called _____. A. Acceptance testing B. Automated testing C. Smoke testing D. System level testing

Answer is C. Smoke testing is the practice of using a lightweight set of tests to ensure that the most important functions of the system under development work as intended

You are the project manager of a project to construct a pipeline in a foreign country. You are in the process of selecting the sellers who will supply the materials needed for your project. Jack, one of your team members, informed you of the huge number of proposals you have received from sellers. What are you doing next? A. Invite all the sellers to bidder conferences. B. Conduct technical evaluations of the proposals C. Conduct the proposal screening D. Award a contract to all sellers

Answer is C. After receiving a huge number of proposals, it is good that you conduct proposal screening. Proposal screening eliminates sellers who do not meet the minimum requirements of the source selection criteria. This will help develop a shortlist of the sellers whose proposals will be subjected to technical evaluation.

Geoffrey is a project manager on a software development project using Scrum. During the inspection, the team found issues with some codes where he instructed the team to make some adjustments to remove the problem. Which scrum pillar did the team use to resolve the issue? A. Transparency B. Inspection C. Adaption D. Review

Answer is C. There are 3 pillars of scrum: transparency, inspection, and adaptation. The inspection (B) involves scrum participants reviewing the scrum artifacts regularly to see if there is anything that is blocking progress. Transparency (A) involves making all aspects of the product development process visible to the relevant parties, such as the development team, the client, the scrum master, etc. During adaptation (C), if any issues or problems are found during inspection, adjustments or changes to the process should be made to remove the problems.

Mark is managing a project with an EV of $1,500, a PV of $1,200, and an AC of $1,100. What is the situation of this project? A. The project is over budget and ahead of schedule B. The project is over budget and behind schedule C. The project is within budget and ahead of schedule D. The project is within budget and behind schedule

Answer is C. This question requires one to calculate SPI and CPI to evaluate the situation of the project. To ensure that your project stays within budget, first calculate the CPI = EV / AC = $1,500 / $1,100 = 1.36.Then calculate SPI = EV / PV = $1,500 / $1,200 = 1.25, so your project is ahead of schedule. Alternatively you can calculate the SV & CV.

James and Maria are in the process of assembling the deliverables for the project. In the process of doing the job, they realize they've broken some of the parts. They didn't oversee this challenge, and they are now wondering whether the cost of replacing broken parts fits the budget. What should they do? A. Use contingency reserves to replace the broken parts B. Use funds allocated to other project activities to replace broken parts as the budget is too small C. Use management reserves to solve the challenge D. Just do nothing

Answer is C. Use management reserves to solve the challenge Management reserves are the amount of money set aside to deal with unknown unknowns (risks). Since they didn't foresee the challenge, they never set aside contingency reserves to deal with it. In this scenario, the best option is to use management reserves to replace broken parts. Therefore, correct answer is C.

You are the project manager on a construction project. You are in the middle of project planning. Together with your team, you are breaking down project deliverables into work packages. You are also writing down the details for each work package, such as resources required, initial estimates, cost and quantity, and schedule milestones. Where do you store all of that information? A. Requirement management plan B. Work breakdown structure (WBS) C. Work breakdown structure Dictionary D. Project Requirement documentation

Answer is C. Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary The WBS Dictionary gives all the details that you know about each work package in the WBS, including resources required, initial estimates, cost and quantity, and schedule milestones.

You are the project manager of an app development project. You instructed four teams to meet to discuss a feature that a customer wanted in your project. You believe that solving the problem will take a long time because the teams must fully understand the feature. What is this called in Agile? A. Backlog grooming B. Pairing C. Swarming D. Mobbing

Answer is D - Mobbing Swarming (C), multiple team members collaborating to solve a problem or a small issue that is hindering the progress of the team. Backlog refinement (A) involves removing irrelevant user stories from the backlog and making sure the work to be done next is a priority. Pairing (B) is allocating two team members to the same piece of work to enhance quality and speed. Mobbing (D) involves multiple team members delivering work that goes beyond just an issue or obstacle, e.g. a user story or a feature.

You are the project manager of your first agile project, which has just started. Together with your team, you are in the process of setting up the development environment and preparing the product backlog. Which of the following is true regarding the stage you are on? A. Sprint retrospective B. Sprint planning C. Sprint review D. Zero Sprint

Answer is D. A zero sprint happens before the first sprint starts. It involves many activities, including setting up the development environment and preparing the product backlog. This phase is also called the inception phase, initial sprint, or sprint zero.

Sadri, the ABC organization's project manager, is in charge of the app development project. During execution, she decides to allocate James and Mathew the same tasks to enhance quality and make sure it is done on time. speed. What is this called in Agile? A. Swarming B. Mobbing C. Backlog refinement D. Pairing

Answer is D. Swarming (A) involves multiple team members collaborate to solve a problem or a small issue that is hindering the progress of the team. Mobbing (B) involves multiple team members delivering work that is beyond just an issue or obstacle, e.g., a user story or a feature. Backlog refinement (C) involves removing irrelevant user stories from the backlog and making sure the work to be done next is a priority. Pairing (D) is allocating two team members to the same piece of work to enhance quality and speed. Therefore, correct answer is D.

Paul is in charge of an agile project whose team members are dispersed in different countries. He knows that collaboration within the team is key to the success of an agile project. Which tool would you advise Paul to use to enhance collaboration among his team members? A. Taskboard B. WhatsApp application C. Audio conferencing D. Fishbowl window

Answer is D. Create a fishbowl window by setting up long-lived video conferencing links between the various locations where the team is dispersed. People start the link at the beginning of a workday and close it at the end. In this way, people can see and engage spontaneously with each other, reducing the collaboration lag otherwise inherent in geographical separation.

You're in the middle of a nail-making project with the goal of producing one tone of nails with a length of 10 cm. Your projects' control limits are 9.8 and 10.2 cm. The following are the measurements' results in order of measurement: 10.12 cm, 10.19 cm, 10.09 cm, 10.18 cm, 10.09 cm, 10.17 cm, 10.16 cm, and 9.7 cm. What do the following measurements reveal? A. The process is under control. B. All measurements should be incorporated into the control. C. It is necessary to re-calibrate the measuring equipment to accommodate all points. D. The process is out of control and should be improved.

Answer is D. The first seven points follow each other on one side of the mean, resulting in the rule of seven. Rule seven signifies that the process is out of control. Point 9.7cm is outside the upper and lower control limits. This shows that the process is out of control and need to be improved.

James got a project manager position to replace Abdul, who just left abruptly. He is now looking for that document that contains activity information such as activity descriptions, predecessor & successor activities, leads and lags. What is the name of the document he is looking for? A. Activity list B. Milestone list C. Work breakdown structure (WBS) D. Activity attributes

Answer is D. Activity attributes An activity list (A) records all scheduled activities, plus sufficient details to ensure that project team members understand what work is required to be completed. A WBS (C) is a hierarchical breakdown of the deliverables of the project into work packages. The Milestone list (B) records significant points in the life of the project. Activity attributes (D) explain how various activities relate to each other. They include activity descriptions, predecessor activities, successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions.

You have been assigned as project manager of a software development project to replace another project manager who quit abruptly. Everybody in the organization is happy that they got a suitable replacement. You, now want to understand who is in charge of various activities in your project. Which plan or document are you going to consult? A. Resource histogram B. Organizational chart C. Resource management plan D. Resource assignment matrix

Answer is D. Resource assignment matrix A resource assignment matrix (RAM)will show the roles and responsibilities of each and every person in the project, while a resource histogram will show the number of resources used at a given time. Organizational charts show how an organization is structured, including who reports to whom.

What is the name given to the reviews that are carried out at the end of every phase to make a decision whether to continue to the next phase, or to remain in the current phase or end the project? A. Phase exit B. Stage gate C. Kill point D. Phase entrance E. All of the above

Answer is E all of the above These reviews are called Phase entrance, phase exit, stage gate, Kill point, or phase reviews.

Ken promised his crew a fully funded one-week vacation to Dubai if they finished the job on schedule. Which theory did he use? Situational Contingency Expectancy Motivation

Answer is expectancy. Expectancy theory states that people will tend to be motivated if they know their actions will lead to a successful result and if they know their actions will lead to a positive outcome. Therefore, correct answer is C.

You landed a project management job where you are responsible for managing a global project. You noted that the stakeholders of the project are located in various parts of the globe. Due to the nature of the project, you have large volumes of information you need to distribute to recipients. Which of the following communication methods should he prefer for this purpose? A. Pull B. Push C. Iterative-based D. Interactive

Answer: A There are 3 communication methods, push, pull, and interactive. Push (B) communication is one way of communication where you send information to specific people and you don't follow up to know whether they have received the message or not. Interactive (D) is two-way communication and it include phone call, instant messaging etc. Iterative-based ( C ) is not a communication method. Pull (A) communication is suited for this purpose. It is used for large volumes of information or large audiences and requires the recipients to access communication content at their discretion. Therefore, correct answer is A.

Joseph, a project manager, is in the process of determining the budget for his project, for which he is using a predictive approach. How will he display a plan of how he will spend cash on his project? A. S-Curve B. Estimate-Curve C. Cost Baseline D. Reconciliation of funding limits

Answer: A S-Curve The question requires you to state the tool used to display the cost baseline. The cost baseline is displayed as an S curve, which represents how the project will be spent. The project's spending is lower at the beginning, then it increases gradually until it reaches peak, and then it starts decreasing as the project comes to an end.

Evan is the vice president of sales and marketing for Manajik Drinkers and the project sponsor of the road construction project in his community. He organized a meeting with Jude, the project manager of the project, to discuss how they would respond to the risks identified. For one risk, in particular, he requested Jude to facilitate the purchase of insurance to protect against liability. What type of risk response is this? A. Share B. Transfer C. Avoid D. Mitigate

Answer: B Transfer Share (A) involves sharing opportunities by forming a partnership, team, or joint venture. Avoid (C) reduces chances of risk happening to zero and it involves removing the scope or changing the person assigned to do the work. Mitigation (D) involves reducing the probability or chances of risk with a negative impact happening. Purchasing insurance is an example of the transfer (B) risk response. It transfers risk ownership to a third party. Therefore correct answer B.

Mark is a project manager tasked with managing a software development project that will merge six call centers into one. To date, he has completed and received sign-off on the project charter and identified her stakeholders. He is now estimating costs for various project activities using the triangular distribution formula and has determined, using three-point estimation, that the Optimistic cost = $1,500, Most Likely = $2,500, Pessimistic = $3,800. Determine the expected cost of the activity. A. $2500 B. $7800 C. $2600 D. $2550

Answer: C $2600 The triangular distribution formula using the three-point estimating technique is Time Expected = (t O + t M + t P) /3. Substituting the values (1500+ 2500+3800)/ 3 = 7800/3 = $2,600.

Tom is a project manager in the XYZ organization that deals with construction projects. He is working with a team of 10 members, including himself. Two new engineers have been added to it. How much have the lines of communication increased? A. 111 B. 66 C. 45 D. 21

Answer: D N * (N - 1)/2 = number of communication lines Lines of communication before adding new members = 10 * (10 - 1) / 2 = 45 Communication lines after new members are introduced = 12 * (12 - 1)/2 = 66 Increase in communication lines: 66-45 = 21. Hence, correct answer is D.

In your project, you are performing quantitative risk analysis. You instructed your team members to perform a sensitivity analysis for risks in your project. Which tool will you use to represent the results? A. Fishbone diagram B. Affinity diagram C. Influence diagram D. Tornado diagram

Answer: D. Tornado diagram An influence diagram is used to help the team make decisions under uncertainty (C). The Fishbone (A) diagram is used to identify the root cause of a project defect (A). An affinity diagram is used to categorize and group the items according to their similarities (B). A tornado diagram (D is used to represent the result of sensitivity analysis by showing which risks have the greatest impact on a project. Therefore correct answer D.

Daily stand-up meetings are important for the success of the project. What should you do to ensure the success of your project's daily standup meetings? (Choose 2) A. Encourage any team member to facilitate daily standup meetings. B. Make sure you solve all conflicts that may arise during the meeting. C. To ensure the meeting does not turn into a status meeting, D. Directing members during daily standups.

Answers A & C You should encourage any team member to facilitate the standup instead of a project manager or leader to ensure it does not turn into a status meeting but instead is used as a time for the team to self-organize and make commitments to each other. Daily standups are not problem-solving meetings, and you should not direct the team as agile requires a servant leader.

The project charter is a critical document for the project. Which of the following statements about the project charter is true? (Choose 2) A. It is prepared by the project sponsor B. The project manager is responsible for developing the project charter C. The project team is responsible for developing a project charter D. It formally authorizes the existence of the project

Answers are A & D. A project charter is a document that formally authorizes the project and provides the project manager with the authority to use the organization's resources to accomplish project objectives. The project sponsor is responsible for developing the project charter. The project sponsor can involve the project manager in developing the project charter, but it must be signed by the sponsor.

Communication is key for the success of every project, and communication skills are arguably the most important skill a project manager should have. You are preparing a communications management plan for your project. You know, all of the following are true about sample basic communication model, except for which ones? A. Acknowledgement means the receiver has received and agrees with the message B. Sender encodes the message C. To decode means to translate thoughts or ideas into meaningful thoughts D. Network cannot be a channel of communication E. Noise can interfere with communication creating barrier

Answers are A and D. The questions ask which options are not correct. Acknowledgement means the receiver has received the message but does not mean that they agree with the message. Channel of communication is the means by which the message is transmitted. It includes Wire, network etc.

You are in the middle of a project for which you are using agile to implement. You instructed your team members to do backlog refinement. Lyn, who recently joined the team from the college, wanted to know the activities involved during backlog refinement. What would you answer her? (Choose 3) A. Removing user stories that no longer appear relevant B. Inviting the customer to validate scope C. Creating new user stories in response to newly discovered needs D. Collecting the lessons learned in a recently completed iteration. E. Re-assessing the relative priority of stories

Answers are A, C, and E.

Answers are B & C. A CPI of 0.95 implies that the project is over-budget. Alternatively, we can say it is getting $0.95 worth of work out of every $1 spent. Therefore, funds are not used efficiently or there is a lot of wastage. Therefore, correct answer is B &C.

Joy is a project manager on a project where she is using scrum. What metrics is she going to use to measure the work done by the scrum teams? (Choose 2) A. Cycle Time B. Velocity C. Burndown charts D. Lead time E. Response time

Answers are B & C. Scrum is an iteration-based agile approach that uses team velocity, and a sprint burndown chart to measure the work done by the agile team. Lead time, cycle time, and response time are measurements in a flow-based approach (Kanban).

You are leading an IT project using agile methodology, and your team has determined that the Scrum team's velocity rate is 20 story points per iteration. There are 200 total story points. Which of the following statements is true regarding this question? A. This information can be displayed using the Kanban board B. The burndown chart can be used to track down the information C. Cycle time can be used to measure the performance D. The project needs 10 iterations to complete all the work

Answers are B & D. Cycle time (C) is a key metric in Kanban and NOT scrum, and it measures how much time a task spends going through a process. The Kanban board is used to display tasks in Kanban and NOT in the scrum approach. A burndown chart (B) is used to track the work remaining in an iteration in scrum. To get the number of iterations required to complete the work, we divide total story points by story points per iteration (200/20) = 10 iterations. Therefore, B and D are correct answers.

Answers are B and C. The management reserves are extra funds to cover unforeseen risks or changes to the project. They are used to implementing workarounds. A workaround is an unplanned risk response to an unforeseen risk or a foreseen risk that didn't have a planned risk response. Contingency reserves are funds used to deal with known unknowns.

You are in the process of hiring a seller who will provide you with some services you need for your project. You instructed one of the team members to schedule a meeting with potential sellers before submitting their proposals. These meeting are called what names? (Choose 4) A. Procurement conferences. B. Bidder conferences. C. Vendor conferences. D. Contractor conferences. E. Pre-bid conferences.

Answers are B, C, D, and E. The meetings between the buyer and all prospective sellers before the submittal of a bid or proposal are called "bidder conferences," "pre-bid conferences," "vendor conferences," or "contractor conferences." They are not called "procurement conferences."

You are a project manager for a company that deals with real estate. The sponsor instructed you to schedule a kick-off meeting for the current project. Which of the following statements about the kick-off meeting is correct? Choose 3: A. Attendees are the only project manager, project team, and sponsor. B. Attendees include the project manager, project team, sponsor, key stakeholders and outside organizations, including a seller, customer, and regulators. C. For small projects, it happens shortly after initiation. D. It is held before the initiation of the project. E. In large projects, it is held before the execution phase.

Answers are B, C, and E. Kick-off meetings are held to communicate the project's objectives, gain team commitment to the project, and explain the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder. For a large project, it is held at the end of planning or before execution. In the case of a small project, it happens after initiation or at the beginning of planning. The attendees include the project manager, project team, sponsor, key stakeholders and outside organizations, including the seller, customer, and regulators.

You are a project manager on a software development project in which you are using scrum. You know very well that scrum artifacts are important in providing important information to the development team and to the client. Choose three main scrum artifacts that you are likely to use in your project. A. Sprint backlog B. Backlog refinement C. Product backlog D. Iteration Review E. Increment

Answers are: 1. Sprint backlog 2. Product backlog 3. Increment There are mainly three artefacts: A Product Backlog (C): A product backlog is a list of to-do items maintained by the product owner. It consists of requirements, enhancements, features, etc. A Sprint backlog (A): A Sprint backlog is a list of to-do items, selected from the product backlog, to be completed in a particular sprint. Increment (E): An increment consists of a list of all the product backlog items that were completed during the sprints. It is one of the deliverables of the scrum.

You are a project manager at a construction firm, and you are in the middle of planning. You just finished identifying risks in your project, and you are now performing qualitative risk analysis. Which of the following addresses the purpose of the qualitative risk analysis process? (Choose two.) A. Prioritizing the list of risks according to their impact and probability of occurrence B. Quantifying the aggregate risk exposure for the project C. Using Monte Carlo simulation and decision tree analysis to determine the risk exposure and responses D. Determining and assigning the risk scores to each risk

Answers are: A & D The purpose of performing qualitative risk analysis involves prioritizing risks according to their impact and probability of their occurrence (A). It also involves determining and assigning risk scores to each risk (D). Answers B and C involve quantitative risk analysis activities.

The sponsor instructed you to schedule a kick-off meeting for the current project. Which of the following is true about the kick-off meeting? (Choose 3) A. For the project to gain commitment from the team B. For the customer to validate the scope C. To explain the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the project D. To recognize the reward the most dedicated team members E. To communicate the objectives of the project to stakeholders

Answers are: A, C, & E Kick-off meetings are held to communicate the project's objectives, gain team commitment to the project, and explain the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder.

What are the measurements used in a flow-based approach (Kanban)? A. Cycle Time B. Velocity C. Burndown charts D. Lead time E. Response time

Answers are: A, D, & E

You are a project manager in an organization with a project management office (PMO). Which of the following is true about the PMO? (choose 3) A. It is responsible for providing resources for the project B. It can recommend termination of the project. C. It is not responsible for providing guidance and project governance. D. It monitors compliance with organizational processes E. They are responsible for creating project charter

Answers: A, C, & D. A PMO is a departmental unit within an organization that provides or ensures compliance with project governance. The office oversees and standardizes the management of projects. It does all except (C). The PMO is responsible for providing guidance and project governance. Project sponsor is responsible for creating the project charter and not PMO. Therefore, correct answers are A, B. & D.

Jacob is a project manager on an application development project. He is known by his team for being a servant leader. Which of the following are characteristics of servant leadership? (Select three) A. Promoting energy and intelligence of others B. Deciding on behalf of the team C. It creates a culture of trust D. Empower the Team E. Direct the project

Answers: A, C, and D Servant leadership puts the needs of others and the project first above their own. They sell the idea to the team and don't decide for the team (B). They empower the team (D), share power, enable and do not direct (E), and value diverse opinions from the team. They also motivate the team and develop leaders. Servant leadership promote the intelligence (A) of others. Therefore, correct answers: A, C, & D.

Which of the following statements about Bruce Tuckman's five-stage model of development is true? (Choose 3) A. A team can get stuck on a particular stage B. During the performance stage, team members learn to work together C. A team can regress to an earlier stage D. Team effectiveness is highest during the storming stage E. Team members who have worked together can skip a stage

Answers: A, C, and E The model includes five stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. While it is safe to say that most teams go through all five stages, some may get stuck on a particular stage or even regress (go back) to an earlier stage. On the other hand, projects with team members who have worked together in the past might skip a stage. Team effectiveness is at its lowest level during the storming stage, as the environment is characterized by a high degree of conflict and a lack of collaboration among the team members. Team members learn to work together during the "norming" stage. Team effectiveness is highest during the performing stage and not during the norming stage. Therefore, correct answer is A, C & E).

You are the project manager for a software development project that employs an agile methodology. You are beginning a project that is set to run for two years. Currently, the motivation of your team members is very high. What can you do to maintain the motivation of your team? (Choose two) A. Doubling the salary of teams members B. Giving the team more challenging but achievable work C. Promise to give incentives in the form of cash at the end of the project D. Begin praising hardworking team members in front of others E. Letting team members go home early than usual time

Answers: B & D The best way to motivate the team is to give the team members more challenging but achievable tasks and to praise the team in front of others. Increasing salaries may not work as project managers may not have any influence over the pay raises of their team members. Choice (C) is ineffective because rewarding should be done throughout the project rather than at the end. Choice (E) cannot motivate the team. Therefore, correct answers are B & D.

While planning the risk responses for a construction project, the project manager and project team have decided they will have to choose a new electrical contractor due to the fact that the recommended contractor has legal issues with the local building department. The legal issues could cause the project to be delayed. What risk response does this represent? Mitigate Exploit Avoid Acceptance

Avoidance is when you go down a different path all together. The risk is eliminated and cannot happen. Since they choose another contractor, they cannot get delayed by that particular contractor. Acceptance is taking no action against the risk and accepting the outcome. Mitigation is done to reduce the risk probability and/or impact. Exploit is for a positive risk that will ensure the risk takes place.

What formula is = to the total budget cost for the project?

BAC

What is analogous estimating technique?

Bottom-up (A) estimating is a method of estimating project duration or cost by aggregating the estimates of the lower level components of the WBS. These estimates are then aggregated into a total quantity for each of the activity's duration.

The project manager has to present the risk assessment to the senior management and has decided to take the most graphical representation of the probability and impact assessment. What tool should the project manager use?

Bubble charts are tools in the perform quantitative risk analysis process and can show the probability, impact, and ranking of risk. The risk register is not graphical. Pareto charts are used for quality and not risk. Risk summary charts is a made-up term.

Claire, the product owner of an IT project, together with her team, is reviewing the items listed on the product backlog. In the process, Claire instructed Mary, her team member, to remove some of the items from the list, claiming they appeared to be irrelevant. What kind of meeting was taking place? A. Daily standup B. Review C. Backlog refinement D. Retrospective

C is the correct answer. Backlog refinement involves activities like removing user stories that no longer appear relevant, creating new user stories in response to newly discovered needs, re-assessing the relative priority of stories, and assigning estimates to stories that have yet to receive one.

A project has completed 60% of all the work. The team has spent 55% of the project budget. The budget is currently set at $180,000. The sponsor has requested to know the project's CPI. The project manager should inform the sponsor that the CPI is the following: 1.1 $108,000 $18,000 .99

CPI is equal to EV/AC. To find the CPI, you must first find EV and AC. EV is equal to the percentage of actual work completed x BAC (budget at completion), which is 60% x $180,000 = $108,000. AC (actual cost) is just the amount of money already spent on the project, which is 55% x $180,000 = $99,000. So, CPI is $108,000/$90,000 = 1.1.

The project manager is working on a top-secret company project and would like to ensure all the correct security measures are in place for communications regarding the project. What tool would the project manager use? Encryption Communication models Access controls Communication technology

Communication technology factors include sensitivity and confidentiality of the information on the project, which will require the project manager to assess the security needs of the project information. Communication models are used when looking at the communication processes. Encryption is not a tool in the PMBOK.

During the datacenter development project, the project manager has noticed that some of the work being done on the project is not in the baseline scope. The project manager has analyzed the work completed by the project team and then compared that to the project management plan to see where the differences are. What process best describes the work of the project manager? Control scope Monitor scope Validate scope Manage scope

Control scope is a process where you compare the work that has been completed to the project management plan to see if they line up. If there is a variance, the project manager should initiate actions to fix the variance. Validate scope is a process where stakeholders formally accept the project deliverables. Monitor and manage scope are made-up processes.

In your current project, you are in the process of procurement. Which of the following statements is not true about fixed-price contracts? A. The risk is high on the buyer side. B. The buyer doesn't know the profit the seller is getting C. Used when the buyer can come up with a complete SOW D. It does not require a lot of invoice auditing

Correct answer is A. Under a fixed-price contract, it's important that you clearly describe the work (procurement statement of work) to avoid additional costs. Also, the buyer doesn't know the profit the seller is getting. The biggest risk is borne by the seller, and it does not require a lot of invoice auditing. On a fixed-price contract, the biggest risk is borne by the seller and not the buyer.

What is typically displayed in an S-Curve?

Cost Baseline

What formula is = EV / AC

Cost Performance Index (CPI) = EV /AC

While analyzing the budget of a project, the project manager notices that the current CPI of the project is .93 and the SPI is 1.1. What best describes what is taking place on this project? Fast tracking Resource leveling Crashing Best tracking

Crashing involves adding more resources to a project to decrease the schedule. In this scenario, the project is 7% over budget but is 10% ahead of schedule. Fast tracking and resource leveling generally do not increase costs. Best tracking is a made-up term.

Scott is managing a software development project in the XYZ organization. He was having a conversation with his sponsor, whose interest in the project at the beginning was very low. During the conversation, Scot discovered that the sponsor's interest in the project has increased recently. Scot knows the sponsor has high authority and needs his support to complete the project successfully. Which stakeholder management strategy would you advise Scott to adopt? A. Be meeting the sponsor every day B. Keep the sponsor informed C. Keep the sponsor satisfied D. Manage the sponsor closely

D. Manage the sponsor closely The question clearly shows that the sponsor has high power and high interest. The best management strategy to manage him is to manage him closely. The following are recommended management strategies: low-power and low-interest-monitor only, Low-power & high-interest- keep informed, High-power & low-interest- keep satisfied, High-power & high-interest-managed manage closely. Therefore, correct answer is D.

The project manager has met with the project team and has informed them that his team performance assessments are done, and he would like to speak with each of them individually about the results. What process group is this? Executing Planning Monitoring and controlling Initiating

During the executing process group, the project manager will assess the team's performance and try to improve it through the executing process of developing and managing the team.

What formula is = Actual % x BAC?

Earned Value (EV)

Leah, a project manager, is in the execution phase of her manufacturing project. She has been receiving a lot of scope changes from the customer. What could she have done earlier to avoid these changes? A. Ensured requirements of the project were completely defined. B. Ensured that the project charter was fully developed. C. Ensured that the project process of change was completely developed. D. Ensured that the device's acceptance condition was fully defined.

Ensured requirements of the project were completely defined. If all the requirements of the project were completely defined, the customer could not make those changes.

The graph above depicts the earned value of a typical project at a given time. Which point on the graph represents estimate to complete (ETC)? A. A B. B C. C D. D

Estimate to Complete (ETC) is the expected cost to finish all the remaining project work. Assuming work is proceeding on plan, the cost of completing the remaining authorized work can be calculated using: ETC = EAC - AC or Reestimate the remaining work from the bottom up. ETC = Reestimate. Therefore, correct answer is D.

What formula is = BAC / CPI?

Estimated Actual Completion (EAC)

What formula is = EAC - AC

Estimated Time Completed (ETC)

Carson is the project manager for the construction of a nuclear plant. He is mentoring one project team member by providing information about reactions to communication. The communication technique used by Carson is called____________. A. Brainstorming B. Focus group C. Delphi D. Feedback E. Reverse shadowing

Feedback is the answer. Feedback is a technique used in the manage communications process and is information about reactions to communications, a deliverable, or a situation. Examples include coaching, mentoring, and negotiating.

A large development company has just initiated a project to build a 60-story building. The project will take approximately 3 years to complete with a cost of $550 million. The development company has started to facilitate funding for the project by asking private equity firms and banks. What tools does this best represent? Funding limit reconciliation Analogous estimates Parametric estimates Financing

Financing is a tool used in the process of determine budget. This is when a company looks at external sources to fund the project. Funding limit reconciliation is done when there are limited funds to spend on the project and work may need to be rescheduled. Parametric estimates are a type of mathematical estimates done to estimate the cost of each activity. Analogous estimates are based on historical information to estimate the cost of each activity.

In your agile project, you entered into a contract that allows the supplier to be rewarded with a higher hourly rate when delivery is earlier than the deadline and to suffer a reduction for late delivery. Which contacting technique is that? A. Early cancellation B. Graduated on time and materials C. Dynamic scope definition D. Team augmentation

Graduated time and materials. Graduated time and materials is another approach to sharing financial risk. In agile, the quality criteria are part of what "done" means. Therefore, the supplier can be rewarded with a higher hourly rate when delivery is earlier than the contracted deadline. Conversely, the supplier would suffer a rate reduction for late delivery. Therefore correct answer is B.

You are the project manager of a construction project. One of your junior team members who recently joined your organization wanted to know the document that contains ground rules. How would you respond to the junior team member? A. Team charter B. Ground rule charter C. Project team assignment matrix A. Project Charter

Ground rules are documented in the team charter document.

While working on a project schedule, the project manager notices that activities A, B, and C all have a duration of 4 days. The project manager also notices that activities F and G have a duration of 7 days. Activities A, C, F, and G have a slack of 1 day. Activity B is the only one on the critical path. What is the slack on activity B? 2 days 0 days Cannot be determined 1 day

If an activity is on the critical path, it will have zero slack. Non-critical path activities will have a slack of at least 1 day.

The project team has just assigned costs to each of the activities on the project. They will now use these costs to find the overall budget of the project. What tool can the project team use to complete this task? Cost aggregation Bottom-up estimation Expert judgment Parametric estimation

If the activities have been assigned costs, then the process of estimate costs has been completed. The next process would be to determine budget and use the cost aggregation tool to integrate all the activities into the overall budget of the project. The tools of bottom-up estimation and parametric estimation are not used to determine a budget. You do not need an expert in order to aggregate costs; maybe to help determine the costs, but not to aggregate them.

The project team is having a very difficult time deciding what method they should use when programming the new functions in the application. They can choose between four different methods, and the team is evenly split regarding which method to choose. The project manager has decided that he will choose the method for them and will take the responsibility in case it is not the best way to program functions. What best describes this technique? Autocratic Multi-criteria decision Leadership Voting

In autocratic decision making, an individual makes the decision for the team and takes responsibility for the decision. Voting is when the team votes on a potential decision, and multi-criteria decision is when they use a different criteria are used to evaluate a decision. Leadership refers to skills for managing the team.

You are the project manager of a project that has many stakeholders scattered in different countries. You instructed Job, who is an ICT expert in your organization, to publish the dates of the end of the year meeting on the website of your organization. What is the name of this communication method? A. Interactive B. Push C. Pull D. Official

In pull communication, information is placed at a central location and recipients are attracted to the message. It is suitable for distributing large volumes of information and communicating to a large audience. This includes intranet sites, e-learning, lessons learned, and knowledge repositories. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

The project team has been working very hard over the last 4 months to program the financial application and has completed it. The project manager has informed the team that the quality control team will be inspecting it next. What process group best describes what the team has done so far? Executing Closing Monitoring and controlling Planning

In the executing process group, the team completes the deliverables. During the monitoring and controlling processes, the deliverables are accepted by the stakeholders. During the planning process, the project management plan is created. During the closing process, the project or phase is brought to formal closure.

The project manager and sponsor are consulting with banks and other lending institutions in order to obtain funds for the project. What process this describes these actions? Plan cost management Develop project Charter Determine Project Financing Determine Budget

In the process of determine budget is where the tool of financing is used to seek funding for the project. Develop project Charter is used to get the project authorized. Plan cost management is used to create the cost management plan. Determine project financing is made-up process.

While working on a project with a budget of $5,000, the project manager determines that the earned value on the project so far is $1,750. So far, the project team has spent $2,900. What should the project manager report as the status of the budget? The project is under budget by 60%. The project is under budget by 40%. The project is over budget by 60%. The project is over budget by 40%.

In this situation, you would need to find out the CPI of the project, which is EV/AC. That would equal 1750/2900 = .6. A CPI of .6 represents that the project is 40% over budget. Remember that if the CPI is 1, then the project is on budget. Anything under 1 represents being over budget, and anything over 1 represents being under budget.

What project approach matches to the following goal: - speed

Incremental is for speed of delivery

Swarming

Involves multiple team members collaborate to solve a problem or a small issue that is hindering the progress of the team.

Mobbing

Involves multiple team members delivering work that is beyond just an issue or obstacle, e.g., a user story or a feature.

Backlog refinement

Involves removing irrelevant user stories from the backlog and making sure the work to be done next is a priority.

Pairing

Is allocating two team members to the same piece of work to enhance quality and speed.

What project approach matches to the following goal: - correctness of the solution

Iterative is for producing it and refining it through a series of iterations to ensure the final solution's correctness

The datacenter redesign project is currently 30% complete. The project manager is not happy with the way processes are being followed by the team in ensuring that the network wiring will meet its quality requirements. What process should the project manager do to improve the processes so as to meet the quality requirements with the network wiring? Manage quality Monitor and control project work Control quality Control scope

Manage quality is an executing process where you will improve processes by conducting audits and process analysis. All other choices are monitoring and controlling processes that will be used to measure the work against the project management plan.

While working on a network upgrade project, a team member installed the network connection and is now configuring the router in order to work with the network connection. The network connection must be done before the router can be configured. This is an example of what kind of dependency? Internal dependency Mandatory dependency Discretionary dependency External dependency

Mandatory dependency is when activities must be done in a certain order. For example, you must complete A then complete B. Internal dependencies are things that are under the control of the project team, and external dependencies are things that are outside the control of the project team, such as getting a permit. Discretionary dependency is when two activities can be done in any order and they're not dependent upon each other.

Harun in his current project is having a dispute with the supplier, where the supplier want to be paid for the work he is claiming to have done. Which is the most preferred method of settling this dispute? A. Problem-solving B. Mediation B. Negotiation D. Claim settlement

Negotiation is always preferred for settling disputes in procurement. If it does not work alternative dispute resolution (ADR) method stated in the contract can be used.

While working on the web design project, the change control board approved a change to the layout of the menu. What process should the project manager conduct next to ensure the change is implemented? Verify scope Update project management plan Update change log Direct and manage project work

Once a change has been approved, it is then moved to the direct and manage project work process for implementation. Verify scope is done when all the deliverables are completed and require stakeholders' acceptance. Update project management plan and change log are not processes.

A change request has been requested by a senior stakeholder to add a new reporting function to the current financial software development project. The change was assessed by the project team and approved by the sponsor. What process should the project manager do next? Validate scope Direct and manage project work Perform integrated change control Control quality

Once a change has been approved, it is time to execute the change, which is done in the executing process of direct and manage project work. Control quality is done to check the deliverables to ensure they meet the quality requirements. Validate scope is done to get formal acceptance from the stakeholders. Perform integrated change control is done to assess and approve a change request.

During a new workstation rollout project, a stakeholder asked for a change to some of the software being installed. The change was submitted to the Change Control Board but was rejected due to the high increase in cost of the software being requested. What should the project manager do next? Update the issue log Resubmit the change request for additional consideration Perform additional analysis on the requested change Update the change log

Once a change has been denied, the next step is to update the change log with the status of the change. That can include whether it was approved or denied. Because this change was denied, it is not considered an issue on the project. The Change Control Board has already denied the change, so there is no need to perform additional analyses or resubmit it.

The product owner has added three new changes to the product backlog. The agile project manager has met with the team and they have decided immediately how to implement these new changes, although these changes will be implemented in three iterations from now. The product owner informs the agile project manager that he is not happy about this. What should the agile project manager do? Ask the product owner when he would like the changes to be implemented Tell the team they should not have committed to doing these changes until they were ready to implement them Ask the team members to implement the change right away Inform the product owner of the potential risk of each change

One of the core principles of agile is to defer decisions. What this means is to make decisions about potential changes or features until the very last minute.

As an agile project manager, you have encountered many issues with the product owner. The product owner has refused to prioritize the product backlog stating that all items are equally important. After educating the product owner about the value of prioritization he still refuses. What should the agile project manager do? Continue to educate the product owner Prioritize the product backlog for the product owner Have the team prioritize the product backlog Replace the product owner

One of the core task of being an agile project manager is to educate and promote the values of agile practices even when stakeholders are reluctant to follow the principles.

What is Parametric estimating technique?

Parametric (C) estimating uses historical data and some algorithms.

While attempting to determine the schedule for the project, the project manager has been informed from the team that each line of code will take about 15-45 minutes to write and debug. There will be about 1 million lines of code in the application. What schedule-estimating technique best describes this estimate? Bottom-up Analogous Parametric Top-down

Parametric estimates are based on a data set such as cost per feet or time per task. Top-down and analogous are the same and are high-level estimates based on historical data. Bottom-up involves breaking the work and then adding it back up.

Which of the following statements is true about projects: Projects are ongoing operations to improve business products Projects are ongoing operations that will create a unique product, service, or result Projects are temporary operations that are only done to improve a business Projects are temporary Endeavors to create a unique product, service, or results

Per the PMBOK definition, a project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product, service, or result. Projects are not ongoing and are not only done to improve a business.

You are currently managing a business process reengineering project and have identified all the risks that can affect the project. You would like to put the risks in order from most impact to least impact on the project. What is the best process for doing so? Perform quantitative risk analysis Rank Risk Plan risk response Perform qualitative risk analysis

Perform qualitative risk analysis is a process used to rank risks according to probability and/or impact. Perform quantitative analysis is done in order to assign values to the risk. Plan risk response describes the strategies that would be used if a risk were to materialize. Rank risks is not a valid process.

What formula is = to Planned % complete x BAC?

Planned Variance (PV)

After many years of following the agile principles the project team has implemented a few new methods in addition to the agile methods in order to increase the efficiency of the project. This will be known as? Non-agile processes Process tailoring Process analysis Hybrid processes

Process tailoring is done to amend the agile methodology to better fit the project environment.

Over the last three weeks the project team has finally been able to establish a shared vision of what the product would look like when it is complete. This is an example of? Shared vision Requirements gathering Progressive management Progressive elaboration

Progressive elaboration occurs when more information in detail emerges over time.

The project manager has decided that most of the stakeholders on the project would like to reference the status reports for the project on the company's internal website on their own time. This would make it easier for them, as it is very difficult to schedule a meeting with all of them at once. What type of communication best describes this? Pull communication Push communication Interactive communication Technical communication

Pull communication is done when stakeholders access the communications on their own time, usually through a web portal. Push communication is when communication is given to the stakeholders such as in an email. Interactive is when stakeholders are communicating in real time such as through a phone call. Technical communication is a made-up term.

While developing a new smartphone, the project team has identified a specific set of performance measurements that the phone should meet when it is complete. The measurement looks at how fast the phone can boot up and how fast it can shut down. Where should the project team document these measurements? Quality metrics Requirements traceability Matrix Quality management plan Quality checklist

Quality metrics are used to measure the project deliverables. The quality checklist will inform the project team what to look for when inspecting the project deliverables. The quality management plan will outline how to conduct the quality processes such as manage quality and control quality. The requirements traceability matrix will track the requirements back to their origin.

What is Reverse shadowing?

Requires the expert, the one who owns the knowledge, to follow the team member in carrying out his activities to provide him with guidance and suggestions to improve his work.

The project manager and team are currently working to create a list of activities needed to complete the project. They have come to one particular work package that they cannot decompose because they do not know enough about the work yet. They have decided that midway through the project, they will decompose this particular work package. What tool or technique are they using? Requirements Future Planning Forward Planning Rolling Wave Planning Decomposition

Rolling wave planning is a tool used in the process of define activities to break work down in the future. Forward planning and requirements future planning are not real tools used in the process of define activities. Decomposition is a tool used to break down the current activities.

What formula is = EV / PV

Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = EV / PV

What formula is = EV - PV?

Schedule Variance (SV) = EV - PV

A team member is working on upgrading the network server while another team member is painting the server room. The outcomes of these two events will not affect each other. What best describes the relationship between these two events? They are not mutually exclusive. They are mutually exclusive. They are not statistically independent. There are statistically independent.

Statistical independence is a term used in probability that means one event cannot affect the other event. Mutually exclusive is a term used when two events cannot happen at the same time; in this question, these two events are happening at the same time.

The project has managed to build about half of the deliverables needed to complete the project. The project has spent $50,000 on materials and labor. This money that has already been spent is generally referred to as what? Project budget Opportunity cost Spent cost Sunk cost

Sunk cost is the money that has already been spent on the project. The project budget includes the cost baseline and the management reserves. Opportunity cost is the cost of all lost opportunities when selecting a project. Spent cost is a made-up term.

The project manager and the team have worked endless hours to calculate the amount of time it will take to conduct each activity. They would like to document some of the assumptions they made and the constraints they may face when the project is executed. What document will they use for this? Duration estimates Project schedule Cost estimates Basis of estimates

The basis of estimates documents what they used estimate the activities, such as assumptions, constraints, range of estimates, and the confidence level of the estimates. The duration and cost estimates will not have these components. The project schedule will outline how long the project will take, which includes a network diagram, Gantt chart, and the milestone chart.

While managing a datacenter project, a few customers requested a feature be added to the project that will enhance the security system in the datacenter. The change was submitted to the change control board and was denied due to the high cost of the security system. A few months later another customer submitted the same change back to the project manager. What is the best step the project manager can take in this scenario? Assess how this change impacts the project management plan Inform the customers to change cannot be done Inform to change control board Add the security system to the Datacenter

The best thing to do in this scenario would be to inform the customer that the change cannot be added due to the fact that it was already rejected by the change control board. You should not add changes to a project management plan without it being first approved, and there is no need to inform the change control board again since its members have already denied it.

While monitoring a large construction project, the project manager has calculated the SPI of the project to be 1.2. A contractor has informed the project manager that a delivery will be 1 week late. The 1-week delay is 10% of the project schedule. What would mostly likely happen to this project? The project will finish behind schedule The project will finish under budget The project will finish on ahead of schedule The project will finish over budget

The current SPI is 1.2, which means the project is 20% ahead of schedule. A 10% delay should not cause this project to finish behind schedule. You cannot determine the project's budget from the information in this question.

There have been many disputes on the project with the current contractor. The contractor claims the project team is always asking that work not be listed in the contract, and the team claims that the contractor has not been doing the work listed in the contract. What should the project manager do first? Meet with the project team members to understand why they feel the contractor has not been doing the work in the contract Meet with the contractor to understand why the team continually asks that the work not be listed in the contract Review the contract Contact claims administration

The first step would be to review the contract to ensure he understands what the original agreement was, and then he should meet with the team and contractor. If needed, he should then contact the claims administration.

The project team has completed the server deployment project. They have tested the server to ensure that it works according to the requirements given to them, and it seems to be functioning correctly. What process group has the team just completed? Monitoring and controlling Closing Planning Executing

The outputs of all the executed processes combined, including directly executing the process and managing project work, are the project deliverables. The output for planning would be the project management plan. The output for closing would be the final product service or result transition and the final report. The output for monitoring and controlling would be the accepted deliverables and the work performance reports.

The project manager has acquired the project team members and is starting to work with them to complete the project work. During this process the project manager has utilized a variety of rewards and recognition theories to keep the team motivated. What is the output of this process? Training Team performance assessments Individual and team assessments Virtual teams

The process being completed in this question is develop team. The output is team performance assessments. All other choices are tools in this process.

The sponsor would like a report about the resources that are being used on the project. He would like to see them broken down by different categories to make them easier to understand. What process will the project manager use to create this? Estimate activity resources Define activities Develop schedule Sequence activities

The process of estimate activity resources will output the resource breakdown structure, which is a hierarchal breakdown of resources by their categories and types. No other choice will output this project document.

The project manager and the project team are reviewing the completed deliverables to see if they meet the performance requirements outlined in the requirements documentation. This is done so that when the customers are invited to inspect the deliverable, there will be no issues. What is the best output of this process? Verified deliverables Project management plan Accepted deliverables Requirements documentation

The process of quality control is when the deliverables are inspected to see if they meet the quality requirements. The output of this process is verified deliverables. Control quality is generally done before the process of validate scope, where the deliverables will be inspected by the customers for a formal acceptance. The project management plan, accepted deliverables, and requirements documentation are not outputs of the control quality process.

A project manager has just taken over an agile project that is about 50% complete. The project manager is currently reviewing the product backlog and notices the requirements are not in an order he understands. How is the product backlog prioritized? By schedule By cost By regulation By value

The product backlog is prioritized by the product owner based on value. The requirements with the most value will be at the top of the list and will be completed in the next iteration.

Which of the following is a method that will be used to conduct frequent verification and validation that can be done every second on the project? Unit testing Acceptance testing Pair programming Integration testing

The product scope describes the features and functionality of the product, whereas the project scope describes how to get the features and functionality from that product.

While planning a project, the project manager is given many requirements that the customers would like to add to the project. Upon further investigation, the project manager decides that a few of the requirements will not be feasible within the limited time and cost allocated to the project. What document would best list the requirements that will not be added to this project? Work breakdown structure Requirements documentation Project Charter Project scope statement

The project scope statement includes a list of all the project deliverables as well as any requirements that should be excluded from the scope. Work listed in the work breakdown structure will need to get done on the project. The project charter has a high-level list of requirements. The requirements documentation lists requirements provided by customers that they would like to be done.

Your company has decided to roll out a new Wi-Fi network for the staff. The sponsor has informed you that encryption on the network is mandatory. Where will the project manager document that the encryption was mandated by the sponsor? Project scope statement Scope Baseline Requirements documentation Requirements traceability Matrix

The requirements traceability matrix will trace the requirements back to their origins. The project scope statement, scope baseline, and requirements documentation will not include where requirements came from.

While working with the system administrator, the project manager identifies many different types of resources required for the project to be completed successfully. The project manager classifies them as HR, material, equipment, and consumable resources. Where can the project manager best document these resources? Resource breakdown structure Resource requirements Resource register Resource category Matrix

The resource breakdown structure is a breakdown of the resources by categories or types. The resource register and resource category matrix are made-up terms. The resource requirements describe all the resources needed to complete an activity.

The risk management plan generally outlines the steps the project will take to conduct risk management processes on the project. Which of the following will the risk management plan not include? The methodology used to manage risks Roles and responsibilities for the project team concerning risks processes A way to categorize the risks Positive risks that could affect the project

The risk register lists both positive and negative risks, not the risk management plan. The risk management plan includes the risk breakdown structure that categorizes risks, roles, and responsibilities for the team members and the methodology they would use to perform the risk processes on the project.

The project manager is informed that a manager in the finance department has requested to be included in the weekly status updates on the project. What document should the project manager update immediately? Stakeholder register Project Communications Issue log Risk register

The stakeholder register can be updated at any point during the project. The register contains a list of all stakeholders and their contact information, communication requirements, and impact on the project. Once this is done, then the project manager can update the communication management plan to add the new stakeholder. This is a change, not an issue on a project, so there is no need to update the issue log. The risk register keeps track of the risk on the project. Project communications are the actual communications taking place during the project.

The project manager is working on a new electrical wiring upgrade project for the entire office. Due to safety issues, the project manager cannot move forward with many parts of the project without inspections and permits from the local Buildings Department. Most permits take approximately 6 weeks to get. Where would the project manager document the opportunity the project should take if a permit comes within 2 weeks instead of the 6 weeks? Change request Issue log Assumption log Risk register

This question describes a positive risk, which is known as an opportunity, and this is added to the risk register. The assumption log will only document assumptions that are made on a project, and the issue log will have a list of issues that are currently taking place on a project. A change request is only issued when parts of the project management plan or document must be updated.

While working on a project, the CEO of the company has informed you that he would like to terminate the project and have you work on a few others projects. What kind of influence does this best represent? Downwards Sideways Upwards Outwards

Upwards influence is for stakeholders above you such as senior management. Downward influence is for those below you such as team members. Sideways influence is for those who are your peers such as other project managers. Outwards influence is for those who are external, such as vendors.

What formula is = BAC - EAC

VAC

A project manager working in a large multinational corporation has been assigned to upgrade the company's website. This project will require inputs for many functional managers across the organization from different countries. Each functional manager would like one of their representatives to be present on the project team. What would be the best tool or technique for handling this scenario in a cost-effective way? Requesting a meeting with all functional managers in one location Using virtual teams Visiting each functional manager to collect their requirements in person Using collocation

Virtual teams are used in the acquire resources process. Virtual teams are a cost-effective way to build multinational teams. Collocation is when you bring everyone into a single space to accomplish work. Although this may sound like a good solution, it is not cost-effective to have everyone fly to one location. If you were to visit each functional manager, this would not solve the problem of having the functional managers' representatives on your project.

What does Exploit risk response strategy mean?

What does Sharing risk response strategy mean?

The project team has just started to code the redesigned accounting application when a key stakeholder asks for the application in order to include a very specific report to the company's expenses. The stakeholder has submitted a change request to the project manager. What would be the most important input to consider for this change request? Accepted deliverables Work performance data Work performance information Work performance reports

Work performance reports is an input to the process of performing integrated change control, as it will show the overall status of the project. The other choices are not inputs to this process.

What project approach matches to the following goal: - Achieve customer value through frequent deliverables and feedback

agile is for achieving customer value through frequent deliverables and feedback

What formula is = EV-AC

cost variance (CV)

According to the Agile Manifesto, which of the following should be more highly valued than contract negotiation? - working software - individual and interactions - responding to change - customer collaboration

customer collaboration According to the Agile Manifesto, customer collaboration is more highly valued than contract negotiation.

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