POS 100 Exam 2 Chapter 7 Questions
The territory of Wyoming granted women the right to vote in 1869 and ______ followed as the first state to enfranchise women.
Colorado
Women were granted universal suffrage in
1920
The typical procedure for an initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of _________ of the number of registered voters in a state.
5 to 10 percent
The __________ Amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Fifteenth
Citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the _________ phenomenon.
NIMBY
Which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through mass suffrage?
United States
One criterion that must be met for a country to be democratic is that it must
have more than one political party
When a citizen contributes money to a candidate's campaign, he or she is engaging in
influencing behavior.
Typically, a referenda is placed on the ballot by
legislators
Because it depends on mass participation in politics, majoritarianism tends to
limit individual freedom
Psychological explanations of turnout suggest that voting will rise if
more Americans believe that government is responsive.
Researchers have found that political apathy is _________ in the United States compared to almost all other nations
much lower
The text defines __________ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government and politics
political participation
In Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found _________ is(are) unconstitutional.
preventing blacks from voting in primary elections
Which of the qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s?
property ownership
According to the text, with respect to political participation, "_________ is the great equalizer,..."
protest
The effect of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which enfranchised eighteen-to-twenty-year-olds, was to
reduce the national voter turnout rate.
When a leader assembles crowds to confront businesses and local governments to demand a hearing, he or she is engaging in
direct action
The standard socioeconomic model recognizes the relationship between socioeconomic status and
conventional political involvement.
Relatively routine behaviors that use the established institutions of representative government such as voting in an election are called _____ participation.
conventional
The standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to
education, income, and occupation
The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of
those with greater resources.
The majoritarian model of democracy favors
voting as the primary means of participation.
The text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to
vote
The percentage of eligible voters who actually vote in a given election is called
voter turnout.
Around the world, the percentage of countries holding regular, free, and fair elections has risen to _____ percent.
63%.
Which of the following was the first known act of unconventional participation in America?
Boston Tea Party
The amendment granting women's suffrage is the
Nineteenth Amendment
Since they were not happy with voting for candidates selected by party leaders, ____________ championed the direct primary
Progressives
By law, the U.S. presidential election occurs
The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November
The amendment lowering the voting age to eighteen is the
Twenty-sixth Amendment.
Women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are
about the same.
In general today, women politically participate
at about the same rate as men.
Elections, as an institutional mechanism,
bolster the power and authority of the state.
The literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 worked primarily against
blacks
A legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances is also known as a(n)
class action suit
An example of a citizen using "contacting behavior" is
calling the county animal control office to remove a raccoon from a window well.
A practical test of whether or not a government is democratic is whether
citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions.
Of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, _________ is the strongest single factor.
education
A 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allowed numerous states to
enforce new voter identification laws.
Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the voting age to eighteen, because they
hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation.
Political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because
it is easier to collect data on conventional practices
In 2014, voters approved a number of ballot propositions, including ones in Alaska, Oregon, and Washington that
legalized recreational marijuana
Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are
low education, low income, and being relatively young.
In Oregon, everyone votes by
According to the text, Americans were __________ politically apathetic in 2012 compared to 1952.
neither more nor less
Compared with citizens in other democracies, Americans are
not noticeably apathetic
According to the text, if the criterion is ___________, America has the best and most democratic government in the world.
number of elections held
Someone who asserts that elections "socialize political activity" is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain
order
The ability of groups to make government respond to their special problems is best related to ________ theory.
pluralist
A direct primary is a
preliminary election to choose party candidates
The ____ was backed by the Progressives as they wanted a mechanism to remove elected officials from office
recall
The relationship between participation and order is complicated because
some types of participation promote disorder.
According to the text, violent unconventional political participation is
sometimes worth the risk
The 1955 Montgomery bus boycott is an example of a(n)
successful unconventional political participation.
Serving as an election judge in a nonpartisan election or organizing a holiday parade are examples of
supportive behavior.
Although terrorism is an unconventional political action, it is generally not counted as unconventional political participation because
terrorists do not seek to influence government but to destroy it
The march from Selma demonstrated to the nation the seriousness of
the civil rights problem
According to psychological explanations, voter turnout in the United States is not likely to increase until
the government does something to restore people's faith in the effectiveness of voting.
In nearly every other democratic country outside of the United States, the burden of registration is placed on
the government.
The framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to
the states
One recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that
they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions.
To maintain order, the government has a stake in converting _______ whenever possible
unconventional participation into conventional participation
Compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the United States
was among the first.