pos pysch

Studies all over the world indicate that the greatest common denominator toward happiness is?

* Autonomy - Intrinsic motivation (no) - Social capital - Flow

All of the following are ways the text identifies to help society become death affirming EXCEPT:

* Become more knowledgeable about other death accepting cultures and adopt some of their practices. - Having role models who have dealt with death positively - Have psychologists and educators educate the public on death - Participate in death therapies (no)

________________ is a descriptive term that is used to explain individual differences in how people explain the cause of bad events

* Explanatory style - Learned helplessness - Learned optimism - Illogical assumptions

Which is an important question to ask of thoughts in ACT?

* Is this thought true? - Is this thought helpful? - Does this thought make me feel bad? all of the above (no)

Drs. Hyisung Hwang and David Matsumoto gave examples of how emotions can influence us. There are four examples below discussed in the article. Which example is false?

* It is difficult to think critically when experiencing intense emotion - We experience emotions through words and facial expressions - Without emotions, attitudes, values and beliefs would be statements without meaning (no) - Facial expressions are not important to emotional interactions

Which of the types of happiness produces the least satisfaction with life?

* Pleasant - Good - Meaningful - Desire

If you have a level of autonomy, do well with self-care, and are independent (not needing the care of others), then you have a good?

* Quality of life - Paradox - True autonomy (no) - Sense of humor

_____________________ in relationships, refers to the process of including a close other in one's conception of the self and includes taking in a close other's "resources, perspectives and characteristics" as part of the self-concept

* Relational catalyst support (idk) - Self-expansion - Risk distribution - Secure-base (no)

_______________ strengths are the strengths most prominent in an individual.

* Valued - Top - Signature - Character (no)

A transtheoretical model

* can be applied to multiple processes of decision making - is a model of total focus toward cognitive change (no) * is purely a goal-setting model (idk) - focuses on changing feelings

Oftentimes individuals are objectively successful according to what others might find important, but they lack a sense of life meaning, leaving a feeling of emptiness labeled _________________.

* existential vacuum - mass neurotic difficulties - existential meaning crisis - neurotic crisis

An act of kindness through small gestures toward another person can ___ for both the one giving and the one receiving kindness.

* improve mood and wellbeing - make problems go away - increase companionship - deepen professional connections

How do we learn that we have control over our feelings?

* innately or * adults around send out the message that we can control our feelings - self-help books - self-determination theory (no)

Research on affective forecasting has shown people are very accurate in predicting how much positive and negative emotions future events will bring.

False

Searching for meaning always leads to good outcomes.

False

Sources of personal meaning are flexible and changeable.

False

The aim of defusion is to get rid of negative thoughts.

False

The blue light of technological devices improves sleep.

False

The positive psychology movement says studying disease, weakness, and damage is not important.

False

Studies have shown that leisure activities are important for protecting well-being when those interests or values are not congruent with one's job.

True

Studying resiliency started with a focus on at-risk children by developmental psychologists.

True

When predicting positive emotions and their ensuing psychological health benefits, ________________ and perceived ability to _______________ the moment may play complementary roles.

* mindfulness, savor - behavior, understand - mental assessment, savor - emotional state, emotional reaction

Dr. Ellen Langer, in the Mindfulness Over Matter video demonstrates the mindlessness of the audience through a ______ exercise on the screen in which the audience mindlessly shouted out what incorrect answer at the end of the exercise?

* numbers, that the number went up by 100 - numbers, that the number went up by 1000 - words that the next word was toes - words, that the next word was tree

Jasmine has good relationships with and healthy relationship with others. She truly cares about people. What dimensions of psychological well-being do these characteristics fall under?

* positive relations with others - purpose in life - autonomy - self-acceptance

Sam is unaware his drinking is causing problems for him or his family. According to the transtheoretical model, what stage of change is Sam in right now.

* precontemplation - maintenance - termination - contemplation

In the video, Cultivating Unconditional Self-Worth, Dr. Adia Gooden explains she spent a good amount of time looking for self-worth through?

* seeking to be recognized and loved by others - learning how to dance (no) - keeping busy and avoiding others - Rejecting others

The A is DNA-V represents

* self-advisor - autonomy - experiential avoidance - assumptions

All of the following are noted problems with terror management theory EXCEPT:

* the majority of research has been conducted at the unconscious level of awareness - the majority of research has been conducted at the conscious level of awareness - the majority of experiments were too time-limited and brief - there are actually dual-existential systems at play rather than just mortality-induced defensiveness (no)

People who have less oxytocin at an early age due to difficulty in lowering stress and anxiety often have problems with:

*Addiction (idk) - social support - affirmations - isolation (no)

Approximately ____% of working adults stated leisure is very important in their lives.

- 92 (no) * 75 - 43 - 22

Radical acceptance is about?

- Accepting the lethality of what persists in our lives (no) - Giving in to your bad situation and just suffering - Forging ahead with one's life by pushing past one's difficulties * Acknowledging things in life that are excruciatingly painful like abuse

____________________ goals reflect perspective in which others cannot be trusted to help fulfill one's needs and that others do not care about their well-being.

- Compassionate * Self-image - Selfish - Paranoid

_________ interventions recognize that negative experience is also part of a meaningful life and that attempts to avoid such experience are likely to be ineffective in the long run

- Content-based * Context-based - Emotional-based - Empirically-based

_________________ naturally leads policy makers to conclude that if someone is not succeeding, it is because they lack some sort of character strength, rather than lacking a supportive social context.

- Content-focused positive psychology - Positive psychology * Self-determination - The fundamental attribution error (no)

___________ focused interventions promote flexible, value-consistent behavior, and treat positive states as a frequent result of that behavior.

- Context - Content - Positive (no) * Values

The Happiness Trap refers to the struggle switch, but there is another term for this that explains how we can reduce fear and avoidance, and "sugarcoating" our lived experience through?

- Denial - Wishful thinking - Dissension * Acceptance

We adapt to pleasure so that when we are exposed to repeated encounters of the same pleasure producing stimulus, we experience less pleasure in response to the stimulus. This is known as the?

- Desire Theory - Eudaimonic Treadmill * Hedonic Treadmilll - Objective List Theory

_____________ is a type of support, which aids recipients in their pursuit of challenges and personal goals

- Disorganized-base support - Attached-base support * Relational catalyst support - Risk distribution

Society favors happiness and yet so many people struggle to find it. This is a/an ____ as a society that over all tends to focus on negativity over positivity.

- False assumption * Paradox - Selfish insight - Misperception

______________ encourages clients to write one page real-life story which called for the best in them and which ends positively, not tragically

- Family strengths tree - One door closed, one door opened exercise - Good versus bad memories exercise (no) * Positive introduction

In the Pursuing Happiness article, the authors propose that a person's chronic happiness is governed by what factors?

- Happiness-relevant activities and practices - genetics - Happiness-relevant circumstantial factors * all of the above

_________________ refers to understanding-based cognitive experience, where we make sense of life and our roles in it, whereas _________________ refers to aspirations that motivate our activities.

- Purpose; meaning * Meaning; purpose (idk) - Meaning; search for meaning (no) - Search for meaning; meaning

Positive psychotherapy is based on ____________'s conceptualization of happiness.

- Rashid - Frankl - Harris * Seligman

The exploration of how our negative and positive situations are meshed and dependent on one another for existence is known as?

- Subjective perception - Idiomatic * Dialectical - Subjective restructuring

Reality TV, idle gossip, engage your senses, but are not effective toward positive health. This type of engagement would be known as?

- Superficial flow - Absurd flow * Junk flow - Reality flow

___________ refers to people's ability to flexibly and compassionately view their self-concepts as events that come and go rather than as 'things' that fix them

- The discover - The advisor - The noticer * Self-view

A therapy used in dialectical behavior therapy is much like cognitive behavioral therapy in that the intention is to

- To shut out bad emotions - Increase one's tolerance to negative emotions - restructure thought processes to help with acceptance of emotions * Both B and C

What is the danger of society and positive psychology viewing states such as sadness as inappropriate reactions to situations in the world?

- We pathologize the human condition - We create a culture in which states such as sadness are considered wrong - It leads sufferers to feel bad about feeling bad. * All of the above

Regarding commitment in goal-setting, which of the following is TRUE?

- Your level of commitment towards your goal doesn't matter in your success * It is important not to dictate goals to others - It is better to come up with team goals separately because you cannot please all team members - commitment only refers to one's individual commitment to the goal rather than a team's commitment

A study on the use of the social media before bed demonstrated the associated affect of social media and _______.

- a sound sleep * poor sleep - poor socialization - great wellbeing

A sense of loss is associated with which stage of Kubler-Ross' Stage Theory of Death?

- acceptance * depression - anger - bargaining

According to Eva Kors and her understanding of forgiveness there are

- always good reasons not to forgive - punishments for forgiveness (no) * no unforgiveable acts (Idk)

Logotherapy is often regarded as a _______________ school of thought.

- behavioral - cognitive - cognitive-behavioral * humanistic-existential

According to Dr. Gottman, commitment leads to ______________.

- betrayal * loyalty - true love - positive thoughts

All of the following are contributions to the eudaimonic view of happiness EXCEPT:

- broaden-and-build theory * Desire for excellence ? - Personal fulfillment (no) - Personal growth through engagement

Which pillar of positive psychology involves attempts to increase hope and wellbeing?

- character traits * subjective experience - institutions - none of the above

Roman failed his course last semester and blames himself. He then thinks about other factors, which played a role in failing the course, such as his wife being diagnosed with cancer, getting the flu, and increased job responsibilities. This is an example of which of Dr. Burn's list of ways to untwist your thinking techniques?

- cost-benefit analysis * re-attribution - semantic method - survey method

The primary aim of ACT is to _________________.

- decrease suffering * to help people live a rich and meaningful life - to get rid of negative thoughts and emotions - to increase positive thinking

You use defusion for ___________.

- emotions * thoughts - sensations - all of the above (no)

Gretta is able to choose what she wants regardless of what other people want her to do and is very independent. What dimensions of psychological well-being do these characteristics fall under?

- environmental mastery - self-acceptance (no) * autonomy - personal growth

In the Power of Mindfulness, Dr. Shauna Shapiro explains that we hold ourselves to unrealistic standards of ____ and then ____ ourselves when we don't live up to them.

- esteem, judge - perfection, injure * perfection, judge - happiness, hurt

The Bull's Eye _______________.

- evaluates search for meaning * evaluates the extent to which one is living their values - is used in paradoxical intention - is a dereflection strategy logotherapists use

People who suppress their emotions __________________.

- experience worse well-being - experience poorer social relationships * both a and b - neither not b

_______________ is(are) defined as as "any statement or action — silly or otherwise — that prevents negativity from escalating out of control."

- four horsemen (no) * repair attempts - flooding - bad memories

An example of __________, is when we react to the thought, "I am not good enough," as if we are really not good enough.

- fusion - cognitive distortion (no) * negative belief - acceptance

The desire to get married is a _______________.

- goal * value - choice - preference (no)

You appreciate that you are alive, and what you have, that is _____________.

- hedonism * gratitude - emotional - forgiveness

According to Dr. Gottman, why is it important to be calm during conflicts?

- helps with listening and empathy - better able to think logically (no) * better able to problems solve (Idk) - more likely to attack and defend

In the video on using strengths in the classroom, the teacher taught the children character strengths by _____________.

- identifying characters from television who exhibited each character strength * reading stories focused on character strengths - lecturing on character strengths - using a new app

Gratitude is not always forthwith, it requires practice. The best methods for looking at past and current events is to

- ignore that bad things happen - recreate events the way you want to remember them - look at events with more optimistic bias * reframe or reappraise the situation

Milo would like to spend his free time riding horses but lacks the financial resources to do so. What type of leisure restriction is this?

- intrapersonal - interpersonal * structural - base

Continuous commitment to reach one's goals requires ___.

- joy (no) * extrinsic values - ambivalence * grit (idk)

Goal setting increases productivity by _____________________.

- keeping us focused on what we want - making us more persistent - helping us rise to the challenge and achieve more than we thought possible * all of the above

Regarding challenge in goal-setting, it is best to set easier rather than challenging goals so we have mini successes that will help motivate us.

False

The values-as-moderator hypothesis predicts that ________________.

- life satisfaction always depends on leisure satisfaction (no) - leisure satisfaction will always be a valued domain * leisure satisfaction will have a stronger impact on wellbeing to the extent that it is a valued life domain (idk) - leisure satisfaction depends on leisure engagement

In the character strengths composed by the founders of positive psychology, Seligman and Peterson, the second criterion for character strengths demonstrate a statistical link across cultures that demonstrates one's strengths produce desirable outcomes such as?

- managerial positions * better subjective wellbeing - very high income - better friends

The cognitive triad includes all of the following EXCEPT:

- negative thoughts about the self - negative thoughts about the future - negative thoughts about the world * negative thoughts about others

The second wave of positive psychology

- only looks at the brighter sides of life - only looks at the darker sides of life * acknowledges the importance of both the brighter and darker sides of life - was the antithesis of all psychology

Gratitude is emotionally experienced in a dispositional manner through these four elements

- phase, imagination, interpretation, support * frequency, intensity, density, span - interdependency, assessment, inspiration, originality

Which type of happiness is associated with flow?

- pleasant * good - meaningful (no) - desire

The components of PERMA include all of the following EXCEPT:

- positive emotion - engagement - meaning * altruism

All of the following are positive psychotherapy's assumptions EXCEPT:

- positive emotions and strengths to be as authentic and as real as symptoms and disorders - effective therapeutic relationships can be formed through the discussion of positive personal characteristics and experiences - psychopathology results when clients' inherent capacities for growth, fulfillment, and wellbeing are thwarted by psychological and sociocultural factors. * troubles and psychological difficulties are not worth discussing

Mike looks up from his phone and see's that his child is walking for the first time. He puts his phone down and focuses his attention on his child. This savoring strategy is _________________.

- positive mental time travel - capitalizing * being present - a behavioral display

The Buddhist parable Maybe highlights

- posttraumatic growth (PTG) is beneficial for wellbeing - our initial appraisal is better when considered in a broader concept - that humility can lead to wellbeing *that anger can both lead to problems and be helpful (? idk)

What is the first step in escaping the happiness trap?

- practicing defusion * self-awareness - stating positive affirmations to yourself - reading this book, the Happiness Trap

Being _____________ means living according to your own desires, beliefs, motives and ideas rather than those of someone else. purposeful

- purposeful - meaningful * authentic - fully actualized

The examination of the meaning of death outside of one's cognitive awareness that guides how we respond to our environment.

- quest for meaning (no) * terror management theory * death disbelief (idk) - posttraumatic growth

In terms of goals, what does the acronym SMART stand for?

- short, Measurable, Actionable, Results-focused, Tedious * Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound - Specific, Meaningful, Applicable, Realistic, Trademarked - Specific, Mediocre, Achievable, Readiness-level, Tedious

All of the following are possible mechanisms by which social bonds may be linked to wellbeing EXCEPT:

- social bonds reduce the number of negative events people are exposed to - social bonds may lessen one's response to negative events - social bonds may provide support in efforts to pursue personal goals * social bonds can provide offspring

All of the following have been used to explain how mindfulness skills can lead to symptom reduction and behavioral change EXCEPT:

- sustained exposure to pain and emotions (no) - improved self awareness - enhanced acceptance of physical sensations, emotions, and thoughts *elimination of pain and difficult emotional experiences

Which type of context does psychotherapy (for the most part) rely on to change behavior?

- symbolic - concrete - covert (no) * overt

The brain structure most associated with emotion is the

- thalamus - cerebellum * amygdala - hippocampus

How is identifying thoughts and beliefs different in well-being therapy compared with rational-emotive therapy and cognitive therapy?

- the observation is focused more on how they apply to meaning (no) * the observation is focused on thoughts related to using one's strengths - the observation is focused on well-being rather than distress - none of the above

According to researchers, forgiveness can include ________________.

- the reduction in vengeful and angry thoughts, feelings, and motives - an increase in some form of positive thoughts, feelings, and motives toward the offending person * both of the above - neither of the above

What does "broadening" mean in Dr. Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions?

- to increase the frequency of positive emotions experiences - to increase the different types of positive emotions we experience (no) - to increase the intensity of our positive emotions * positive emotions increase the variety of thoughts and actions that come to mind

How one thinks of death is philosophically tied to how one values life/death and therefore one who sees death as a door believe that death is

- unconscious component of our personality - structure of judgment about one's life - closing as a symbolic end of life * the key to existential life beyond the physical

The ____________ refers to a functional class of behaviors that allow us to connect with our inner experience and the physical signals coming from the world around us, and allow those experiences to just be messages, without pushing them away or clinging to them

- valueer (no) * advisor - noticer - develop skills and resources

The struggle switch as described in The Happiness Trap, refers to?

- we struggle to understand what we should do * with physical and emotional pain we look for ways to avoid it - the fight to figure out how to use anger to our advantage - automatic need to break free of our fears

Early in the semester, Jaime fails a quiz and wants to do better in her class. She is anxious about talking to her professor so she doesn't reach out to her. Whenever she has the thought, she "is stupid" when reading the textbook, she closes it and watched tv instead, which makes her feel good initially. She continues this pattern and notices she is failing her course and there are only two weeks left in the semester. This is an example of a _____________.

- withdrawing - escaping - happiness trap * vicious cycle

According to ACT, emotions control our behavior.

False

According to ACT, we have more control over our feelings than our actions.

False

According to Dr. Gottman, a balance of .8 (negative emotions) to 1 (positive emotions) during a conflict predicted low risk (stable) couples.

False

Being rich, famous, and successful are intrinsic motivations.

False

Capitalism is one of the five major institutions.

False

Cognitive behavioral resilience programs aim to address attendee's core beliefs.

False

Dr. Ellen Langer's counter-clockwise study was about older adults accepting their age by putting them in a contemporary environment from the past

False

Dr. Gottman found that couple's had better outcomes if they repaired later in a conflict rather than earlier.

False

Flow states can happen in situations where one's skills exceed the challenges.

False

Flow states can happen is situations where the challenges exceeds one's skills.

False

For older adults, sources of meaning are shifted from the internal world to the external world.

False

Forgiveness involves forgetting, condoning, or excusing the wrongdoing.

False

Highly complex goals are desirable.

False

In ACT, mindfulness is used to repair negative moods or enhance positive ones.

False

Positive psychology seeks to promote positive, functional beliefs (e.g., hope, optimism, self-esteem), whereas ACT encourages focusing on when acting on a belief does not work to make life richer and more meaningful.

True

Regularly practicing gratitude can lower blood pressure and improve immune function.

True

A kindness exercise is incorporated in positive psychotherapy.

True

A number of positive psychotherapy exercises explicitly focus on cultivating positive emotions

True

According to ACT, the normal thinking processes of a healthy human mind will naturally lead to psychological suffering.

True

According to Dr. Ryan NIemiec in the video, talking about character strengths, people who are unable to use their strengths often feel depressed and anxious.

True

According to Dr. Seligman, 24 character strengths are the basic ingredients of the six universal virtues.

True

According to RFT, language and cognition considered behaviors.

True

Affect refers to consciously accessible feelings.

True

Both ACT and positive psychology focuses on strengths and aim to promote flourishing.

True

CBT can help rewire the brain's neuropathways by activating new neural responses that are continuously practiced.

True

Conscious death reminders are linked to increased appreciation and gratitude.

True

Detachment occurs when people refrain from job-related activities and thoughts during nonwork time.

True

Dr. Adia Gooden states that pervasive low self-worth is the root of mental illness.

True

Emotion has much to do with a person's subjective assessment of some event that occurred before the current event the person experiences.

True

Factors, such as contentment, flow, and non-materialistic purpose account for a very large portion in subjective well-being.

True

From a motivational perspective, it is not irrational or faulty to procrastinate when one is unsure of the value or need for a goal.

True

Hedonia allows one to enjoy pleasure in the present instead of waiting on something to provide for our future wellbeing.

True

In team building exercises for interpersonal intervention, participants should spend time building on their own strengths in order to raise their self-awareness so that one can use these strengths to help their work relationships and improve better collective outcomes.

True

It is expected that people will experience posttraumatic growth following a traumatic event.

True

Lower perceptions of control over one's life are predictive of poorer reports of health.

True

One way to have gratitude is to use thoughts, images and words to improve your emotions.

True

Our cultural backgrounds tell us which emotions are ideal to have, and which are not.

True

People who aim not to feel negative emotion are at risk for worse well-being and adaptive functioning, including lower life satisfaction, lower social support, worse college grades, and feelings of worse physical health

True

People who regularly engage in acts of gratitude are less likely to smoke or abuse alcohol.

True

People with high levels of positive affect are less likely to develop the flu or a cold after being infected.

True

Personality traits have shown a link to subjective wellbeing, especially traits such as neuroticism and extraversion.

True

The Demons on the Boat exercise in The Happiness Trap highlights that if we focus our attention on the demons on the boat (thoughts/feelings) rather then getting to shore (our value), we might not make it to shore to engage fully with that value.

True

The developer of logotherapy envisioned that logotherapy would enhance techniques used in other therapies rather than replace them.

True

The social view points to the influence that social connectedness, relationships and the interdependence of self-with-others has on our ability to use our D, N, and A skills

True

This is the happiness trap: to find happiness, we try to avoid or get rid of bad feelings, but the harder we try, the more bad feelings we create.

True