Posi test 3
Lobbying efforts
-Contact the members of the legislator in person, or by phone, written letter, or electronic communication to Express support for the opposition to legislation -Convincing members of the legislator to propose legislation favorable to the group Working with the members of the legislator to draft a legislation -Testifying before a committee hearing about the effect of a proposed legislation -Working with members of the legislator to draft legislation -Encouraging members of an interest group to contact legislators through email, or phone campaigns regarding legislation -Issuing press releases and buy a newspaper and television ads -Providing written material to members of the legislator
Ceiling price for PAC paying candidates
10000
Issue networks
A loose grouping of people and organizations who seek to influence policy formation TEMPORARILY
Occupy Wall Street
A protest movement against social and economic inequality
Non-membership organizations represent
A single company, organization or individual
Iron Triangle
A small and informal but relatively stable group of well-positioned legislators, executives, and lobbyists who seek to promote policies beneficial to a particular interest.
Pluralism
A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group.
The nation's most powerful lobbying group
AARP
Generally, protests_____ have not been popular in the US
Against US military action
What is the primary reason that geographic distribution positively affects the power of interest groups
Allows groups to command the interest of more legislators
Why do europeans with less education and income vote at higher rates in their countries than their American counterparts
Americans face more voter registration requirments Class based european organizations encourage participation
why is participation in local organizations twice as high in the US as it is in Europe
Americans have an incentive to participate because there is more local control over policy in the US than in Europe Americans are more likely to attend church and engage in church related community work
Peak business association
An interest group devoted to statewide business interest Considered a membership organization Chamber of Commerce, Texas association of manufactures, and the national Federation of independent businesses
amicus curie briefs
Attempt to influence court, decisions, filed as friend of the court briefs
Most successful political movement
Boston tea party
outside lobbying
Bringing public (outside) pressure to bear on policymakers.
3 corners of the iron triangle
Bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyist.
Who or what can be part of membership organization?
Businesses or individual citizens
15th amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
A PAC is a specialized kind of that
Collects money for campaign contribution, and other activities
What are prohibited by Texas law for making campaign contributions to candidates for statewide or legislative office?
Corporations and labor unions
How has PAC, influenced, affected candidates, party loyalty?
Decrease loyalty to party, since they finance races and help candidates much like parties to
Opponents of voter ID laws tend to be ______.
Democrats
_______ refers to the various activities in which interest groups engaged to try to influence the outcome of elections
Electioneering
When does the Texas legislator meet?
Every two years for 140 days
True or false private sector labor unions do not exist in Texas
False
What does the Texas farmers union represent in the Texas agricultural industry?
Family farms and ranches
How do interest groups expand the range of issues that come to lawmakers attention
Focus of issues taht may not have a broad impact Focus on issues that may be controversial
Description of Texas Municipal League
Focused committees Highly organized Influential members
19th amendment
Gave women the right to vote
What is the primary goal of lobbying?
Influencing members of Congress
What does the Texas municipal league derive its greatest strength from?
Influential membership
What is the primary reason that geographic distribution positively affect the power of interest groups?
It allows groups to command the interest of more legislators
In what way does a professional association differ from a trade association?
It's members typically hold a state issued professional license The state regulates the scope of its members practice
The Texas Farm Bureau represents which segment of the Texas Agricultural industry
Large agricultural producers
What is the responsibility of the Texas ethics commission
Lobbying, campaign finance, registration for certain interest groups
What is the most common technique used by interest groups to promote their interest?
Loving the state legislator
26th Amendment
Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
In pursuit of electioneering, an interest groups, most important resource is
Money
Citizens group- noneconomic groups
NOT joined by material incentive (jobs, higher wages, or profits) but by PURPOSIVE INCENTIVE- the desire to contribute to what they regard as a worthy cause.
Best outside lobbying group
NRA
What states have 800 or more registered lobbyist within the state
New York California Texas
What is the largest category of interest group
Non-membership organization
In the process of electioneering money is usually funnel to candidates through
PACs
what has begun to replace the political party as the nominating and electing agent
PACs
Retail trade association
Primary goal is to protect their trades from state regulations that the group steam, undesirable and to support regulation and policies favorable to the groups interest Texas apartment association , Texas automobile dealers Association, Texas restaurant association, beer alliance of Texas
In Texas, how are public sector, employee organizations classified due to their inability to engage in collective-bargaining
Professional associations
What is the primary goal of most state and local interest groups?
Protecting local interest from stay activities
What is the primary goal of a retail trade association?
Protecting their trades from undesirable state regulation
Three types of agricultural interest groups in Texas
Represent general farming, interest represent commodity groups Represent suppliers
The Texas apartment association the Texas restaurant association, and the beer alliance of Texas are all examples of
Retail trade groups
What accurately describe two ways in which interest groups can use litigation to advanced their cause
Sponsor litigation on behalf of their members File amicus briefs
Peak business organizations focus on which of the following goals
Supporting legislation that would foster a good business climate in Texas
Which organization provides legislative staff assistance in research and information
Texas Legislative Council
What is an example of a specialized educational association?
Texas high school coaches association
State and local interest groups represent what
The organization, not it's individual members
Free rider problem
The problem faced by unions and other groups when people do not join because they can benefit from the group's activities without officially joining. The bigger the group, the more serious the problem. The larger the group the more likely a free rider problem.
What is the chief goal of grassroots lobbying efforts by interest groups?
To mobilize supporters to advocate for their organization
The good roads association is an example of ______, because it represents the specific business interest of Highway contractors
Trade association
What is the primary distinction between trade organizations and peak business organizations?
Trade associations represent more specific business interest, such as the oil industry
True or false non-membership organizations do not have broad-based citizen support
True
Inverse relationship between Europe and US
US citizens are less likely to vote but more likely to take part in election activity.
Fragmented government structure
a government structure where power is dispersed to many state agencies with little or no central control
What interest groups would the freerider problem be the most severe
a large group with very diffuse possible benefits
Interest group tend to rely on the courts to advance their policy goals when they have
a low chance of achieving their goals through legislation have a cause that unpopular witht he public
probability sampling
a sample in which each individual in the population has a known probability of being chosen at random for inclusion
What nation has the highest average voter turnout rate
belgium
Most numerous economic interest group
business
Primary reason for low voter turnout rates among young adults
change addresses frequently and need to reregister
what group deals with free riders
citizens groups
Over 70 percent of Americans' political participation via community activities takes place in which of the following?
civic organizations church related groups school related groups
What group CANNOT draw strength from geographic distribution
commercial shrimp fisherman
Best branch to lobby with
congress
What interest group is not classified as an economic interest group
consumer
who is prohibited by Texas law from making campaign contributions to candidates for statewide or legislative office
corporations labor unions
one characteristics of political socialization is that its effects are
cumulative
_____ referes to whether people have a pro or con position on an issue
direction
what is public opinion characterized by
direction (whether people hold a pro or con position on an issue) intensity (how strongly people feel about their issue position) salience (how high a particular issue ranks in peoples minds relative to other issues)
crosscutting
each group includes individuals who also belong to other groups, where they can encounter different opinions
What do interest groups need money for
electioneering lobbying public relations pay full time staff
Economic lobbying group
exist for economic purposes, to make profits, provide jobs, improve pay, or protect an occupation.
True or False- the occupy wall street movement was limited to NYC
false
Primary socializing agents
family, school, church
Interest groups judicial lobbying options
filing amicus curiae briefs, influencing the selection of federal judges, and lawsuits
Madisonian Delimma
free society must allow the pursuit of self interest.
What are said to adversely affect voter turnout in the US
frequent elections voter registration laws
collective goods given by citizen interest groups
goods that belong to all- cannot be granted or withheld on an individual basis. Ex- air, national forest.
economic conservative
government should leave the distribution of economic benefits largely to the workings of the free market
economic liberals
government should use its power to help people who are economically disadvantaged
Inside lobbying
groups efforts to develop and maintain direct (inside) contact with policymakers
secondary socializing agents who influenced public opinion during the COVID-19 pandemic include which of the following
health care experts public officials
US elections
held more frequently than in other countries allow voters to choose party nominees
which group of Americans have the highest level of voter participation
highest 20 percent of income earners
Texas economy
highly diversified, with a strong presence in several industries
WHo dooes PACS mostly give money too
incubents
apathy
lack of interest
astroturf organization
lacks grassroots organization
cultural liberals
leave lifestyle choices to the individual
Citizens United V. Federal Election Commission involved which issue affecting interest groups
limit on corporate and union spending in federal elections
The movement against gun violence had a relatively low profile until the mass killing at
majority stoneman douglas high school
Compared to other democracies, how likely are Americans to contribute time and money to political and community organizations
more likely
Example of citizens group
national organization for women
what are americans political opinions shaped by
partisanship, ideology, and group attachments
secondary socializing agents
peers, media, leaders, events
Super PACs
political action committees established to make independent expenditures are not allowed to give money directly to candidates, but can spend as much as they want.
what is the process by which we develop our political values and opinions
political socialization
which statement best describes the prevalent view of the public concerning protest activits in the US
protest activity should be TOLERATED
what tactics wehre used to disenfranchise Blacks in the post-civil war depsite the passage of the 15th amendment
publicized list of voters literacy test
____ incentives for joining an interet group include the satisfaction that you are participating in a worthy effort
purposive
The Texas Municipal League draws strength from its
quick adoption of stands on key legislative items strong, proactive legistaltive comitee
which method of sampling gives everyone in a population an equal chance of being interviewed
random sampling
Trade association
represents certain industries or parts of industries
What southern state has fewer than 400 registered lobbyist
south carolina
How does a well-compensated, professional legislative staff reduce the influence of interest groups
staff provides the most of the research for legislators who rely less on interest group research
States with _____ political parties tend to have weaker interest group influence
strong
how does economic diversity affect interest group power in Texas
the diveresified economy has increased the number of interest groups, diluting the groups power
sampling error
the error that results from using a sample to estimate the population
social capital
the face-to-face interactions between people that contribute to a sense of community and foster civic cooperation
True or False- When the 2017 Tax Cut adn Jobs Act was passed, individual taxpayers clearly benefited, recieving an average annual tax cut of nearly 1300 dollars, increasing theri after-tax income by 1.7
true
cultural conservatives
use government to promote traditional values
How does the party structure in Texas affect interest group power and influence
weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence
Most heavily unionized employees
work for local government- teachers, police officers, and firefighters.